All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga!

Founder Acharaya His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Promode Puri Goswami Thakura BHAGAVATA

The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.22 February 2020 DHARMA President & Acharaya His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Bibudha Bodhayan Goswami Maharaja

In this issue:

A Snapshot from the Life of Srila Narottam Das Thakur 2 Srila Prabhupada’s Discourse on the Appearance Day of Lord Nityananda 5 The Reason for Our Distress 16

Ramanuja Acharya’s Hunger for Knowledge & Love for the Lord 18 Vaishnava Festivals - February 2020 23

On this auspicious occasion of Nityananda Trayodashi (Appearance Day of Lord Nityananda, who is the guru-tattva), I am praying to my spiritual master HDG Bhakti Promode Puri Goswami Thakur, my grand spiritual master HDG Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Goswami Thakur Prabhupada, and all the members of our guru-parampara, Brahma sampradaya, to bestow their mercy upon us, so we may progress spiritually and realize the taste of divine love in this lifetime, thus allowing all of you to be delivered from this material world.

In the Service of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's Mission, His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Bibudha Bodhayan Goswami Maharaja

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A SNAPSHOT FROM THE LIFE OF refusal. In order to win his favor, Narottam SRILA NAROTTAM DAS THAKUR one day went in the middle of the night to clean the area in the forest that Lokanath by HDG Srila Bhakti Bibudha Bodhayan Goswami used as a toilet. Lokanath Goswami Goswami Maharaja was so surprised to see that the place was cleaned day after day and he became curious In the spiritual abode, the eternal form of Srila to find out who was doing this service. So one Narottam Das Thakur is Champaka Manjari. evening he went and hid in some bushes, After the disappearance of Sri Nityananda quietly doing his japa the entire night waiting Prabhu, Narottam Das Thakur represented to see who was this person rendering such Him in spreading the divine love (prema). service to him. Narottam Das Thakur was a prince born as the son of King Krishnananda Datta in At midnight, Lokanath Goswami saw Kheturi, a place in present day Bangladesh. someone approach and begin cleaning the He was born on the full moon day of the area. When he saw who it was, he was Bengali month of Magh. While Mahaprabhu astonished that Narottam Thakur, son of King was on His way to Vrindavan, upon reaching Krishnananda Datta, was engaged in doing Padma river He had kept His divine prema such a lowly task. Lokanath Goswami felt there for Narottam Das Thakur, saying, embarrassed and asked Narottam for what “Naru! Naru!”; this was before the birth of purpose he was doing this. Narottam Thakur Narottam Das Thakur. When Narottam Das immediately began to cry and fell at Lokanath Thakur was 12 years old, Lord Chaitanya Goswami’s feet in distress “O, master, my life appeared in his dream and told him to go to is useless unless I obtain your mercy.” When Vrindavan to take initiation from Srila Lokanath Goswami realized the depth of Lokanath Goswami. During that time, it was Narottam Thakur’s humility and saw his not easy to go to Vrindavan from Bengal. anguish, Lokanath Goswami’s resolve to There were no proper paths and so many never accept anyone as disciple softened and ferocious animals, dacoits and various he accepted Narottam Das Thakur as his only dangers were present on the way. But disciple and imparted vaishnava mantras to Narottam Das Thakur could hear the sound of him. Lord Krishna’s flute and he followed the sound as his guide to Vrindavan. Narottam This is a perfect example of how one can win Das Thakur met Jahnava Mata, Nityananda over his/her worshipful deity through honest Prabhu’s potency (shakti), for the first time and selfless service. Narottam Das Thakur on the way and got her blessings as well. took initiation from Lokanath Goswami on the full moon day of the month of Shravan Upon his arrival in Vraja, Narottam met with (July-August period). Sri Lokanath Goswami Srila Lokanath Goswami. He received and Sri Narottam Das Thakur played this Lokanath Goswami’s special mercy, for he pastime to show to the whole world the value became his one and only disciple. Lokanath of selfless and sincere service, especially to the Goswami was extremely renounced and had people of Northern Bengal at that time. made a vow not to accept any disciples. But Narottam Das also had made a vow - to take Srila Lokanath Goswami was a very initiation from none other than Lokanath renounced vaishnava, but he saw in Narottam Goswami. Narottam Das repeatedly asked Das Thakur someone who not only had an Lokanath Goswami to give him initiation but educated and refined background; but an Lokanath Goswami was very firm in his enthusiasm and taste for expanding Sri

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Chaitanya’s sankirtan mission. As a result, he since Narottam Thakur was saving up his ordered Narottam to go back to his homeland alms for later. This is known as the tendency and propagate Krishna consciousness. to save (sancaya-vrtti). As a result, Lokanath Goswami ordered Narottam Das Thakur to In his anthology of songs, Narottam Das leave Vraja, as this was not acceptable for one Thakur wrote: who lives in Vraja and told him it was better for him to go home and spread Krishna aneka-duhkhera pare, layechile vraja-pure, Consciousness. krpa-dore galaya bandhiya daiva-maya balat-kare, khasaiya sei dore, Later on, Narottam Das Thakur spread bhava-kupe dileka dariya Krishna consciousness throughout India, through composing jewel-like songs in his “After suffering much sadness, O Lord, you compilations Prema-bhakti-chandrika, brought me to Vraja, pulling me by the rope Prarthana which included writings such as of mercy you had tied around my neck. Maya Sri-rupa-manjari-pada, Radha-krishna-prāna- and fate forced me back into the well of mora, and so on. In his song, Ei bar karuna material existence by cutting loose that rope koro, Narottam Das Thakur writes: of mercy.” tomāra hrdaye sadā govinda visrāma Govinda kahena mama vaisnava parana

“Govinda always reside in your (vaishnavas’s) heart. Govinda says, “The vaishnavas are My very life and soul.”

Once, two vaishnavas from Odisha, named Ram Das and Shyam Das, approached Jiva Goswami in Vrindavan, asking him, “What is the benefit of serving vaishnavas?” Jiva Goswami, with a smiling face, told them, “When you both are on your way back home to Odisha, stop by Kheturi and meet Narottam Das Thakur. When you meet him, act like you are feeling extremely hungry. You should go to meet him at the exact time when the pujari in his temple is preparing the plate to offer to his deities. Even if the pujari tells

Narottam Das Thakur used to go begging for you to wait, you should act like you are so hungry that you cannot survive without alms everyday. Renounced people are meant eating immediately.” When it was time for to only beg as much as is needed for the day and consume whatever alms have been Ram Das and Shyam Das to go back to Odisha, they went to Kheturi, following the recived within the same day. There is no question of saving some of the alms for a later instructions of Jiva Goswami. They arrived at the time as explained by Jiva Goswami and day. People started coming to Narottam Das acted according to his instructions. When Thakur, begging for alms, and he used to give them some food. Lokanath Goswami noticed Ram Das and Shyam Das were acting very hungry to the pujari, the pujari asked them, this and realized that this is only possible

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“What type of vaishnava are you? You are not We can see some similarities between Srila willing to wait for the Lord to eat. Rather, you Narottam Das Thakur and Srila Prabhupada want to eat, immediately.” At that time, Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Goswami Thakur. Narottam arrived and told the pujari to feed Srila Narottam Das Thakur was the only Ram Das and Shyam Das the unoffered food. disciple of Srila Lokanath Goswami. Then Narottam Das Thakur told the pujari to Similarly, Srila Prabhupada was the only cook again and offer it to the deities. That disciple of Srila Gaurkishore Das Babaji. Both night, Lord Chaitanya appeared in the dream of them massively preached the message of of Narottam Das Thakur and asked him, “Do divine love of Lord Chaitanya. you believe what you wrote in your song, Ei bara karuna karo?” Narottam Das Thakur was In this way, Narottam Das Thakur left behind totally confused why the Lord asked him that. a legacy of the top-most level of prema-bhakti Lord Chaitanya continued, “If you believe in in the age of deception. He displayed a mood the words you wrote, then why did you order of complete humility and tolerance. The your pujari to cook again? I already honored Gaudiya Math’s main basis of teachings are the offering through the vaishnavas, Ram Das the works of Srila Narottam Das Thakur, Srila and Shyam Das.” Narottam Das Thakur woke Bhaktivinode Thakur and their spiritual up before sunrise. Ram Das and Shyam Das descendant, His Divine Grace Srila were taking rest in a room nearby. Then, Prabhupada Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Narottam Das Thakur went to Ram Das and Goswami Thakur. Most of the members of the Shyam Das and asked them, “Were you really entire vaishnava community are trying to hungry yesterday in the afternoon?” Ram Das follow in the footsteps of these three divine and Shyam Das described the instructions personalities. I am sure that those who follow they had received from Jiva Goswami in the teachings of Srila Narottam Das Thakur, regards to understanding the result of serving Srila Bhaktivinode Thakur and Srila vaishnavas. Narottam Das Thakur shared his Prabhupada Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati dream with them. In this way, Ram Das and Thakur, will surely attain the ultimate goal of Shyam Das understood that serving human life, a taste of divine love for the vaishnavas is actually considered to be direct Divine Couple Sri Sri Radha Gopinath. In this service to Lord Chaitanya who is the way, they will make their way to the spiritual combined form of Radha and Krishna. abode, Goloka Vrindavan.

On the fifth day of the waxing moon in Written by Swami B.B.Bodhayn on the occasion of the Bengali month of Kartik, Narottam Das Appearance Day festival of Srila Narottam Das Thakur asked his disciples to take him to the Thakur, February 2020 Ganga. He told them to pour the Ganga water on his body with their hands. Right before the eyes of his disciples, Narottam Das Thakur’s body began melting into milk form and started flowing into the Ganga. The disciples started crying profusely and their tears got mixed with the Ganga water and milk. After his disappearance, Narottam Das Thakur’s disciples collected this milk and Ganga water and made a samadhi called the samadhi of milk (dudha samādhi) near Kheturi.

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SRILA PRABHUPADA’S DISCOURSE people and they are known as Acharyas. ON THE OCCASION OF THE Thus, the following is said in relation to Sri APPEARANCE DAY OF Acharyadeva in the scriptures –

SRI NITYANANDA ācāryaṁ māṁ vijānīyānnāvamanyeta karhicit| na martyabuddhyāsūyeta sarvadevamayo by HDG Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati guruḥ|| Goswami Thakur Prabhupada yasya deve parā bhaktiryathā deve tathā gurau|

tasyaite kathitā hyarthāḥ prakāśante āmāra prabhura prabhu śrīgaurasundara| mahātmanaḥ|| e baḍa bharasā citte dhari nirantara|| ‘mannāthaḥ śrījagannāthaḥ madguruḥ

śrījagadguruḥ’| We are in the midst of many problems in this world. We cannot rest our faith in anything of When a jiva understands the divine spiritual this world. Our only faith is that Sri is the master of Sri Nityananda master (śri guru-pāda-padma) to be the Prabhu; I have received that Nityananda expansion of the Supreme Lord, then that jiva Prabhu as my master. Sri Nityananda Prabhu attains auspiciousness. One should not be is the direct expansion of Mahaprabhu jealous or envious of this point regarding the spiritual master. The five enemies lust, anger, (svayam-prakāśa tattva). Sriman Mahaprabhu is Vrajendranandana Krishna, the supreme greed, illusion and intoxication (kāma, ) are present in the transcendental truth (para tattva). Sri krodha, lobha, moha, mada Nityananda Prabhu has two arms and is the reservoir of envy. When these five enemies gain strength, envy is formed. svayam-prakāśa part of the catur-vyūha

(Sankarshana). Sri Nityananda Prabhu eternally resides in Goloka-Vrindavan. Sri Nityananda Prabhu is Sri Baladeva; Sri Narayana and others are His expansions. Sri Nityananda Prabhu and Sri Advaita Prabhu are controllers (īśa-tattva). It is said in the Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita (Adi 1.14):

ek ‘mahāprabhu’, āra ‘prabhu’ – dui jana| dui prabhu seve mahāprabhura caraṇa||

Sriman Mahaprabhu is one and only one. Therefore, the state, ekamevādvitīyam - meaning one without a second. Sri Gaurasundara is the Supreme Lord Himself (svayam-rūpa). Sri Nityananda Prabhu is His direct expansion (svayam-prakāśa). Sri Nityananda Prabhu is very close to Sriman Mahaprabhu and Nityananda Prabhu is the Today is a day of great bliss because it is the controlling principle (īśa-tattva). All of the appearance day of He who is the object of Supreme Lord’s bodily expansions are worship for Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees, the manifested in different places in different one who intoxicated the world with divine

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love for Sri Gaura, and the one who nitāicaraṇa satya, tāṅhāra sevaka nitya, distributed Sri Gaurasundara to the jivas of nitāipada sadā kara āśa| this world – Sri Nityananda Prabhu. Srila e adhama baḍa duḥkhī, nitāi more kara sukhī, Thakura Mahasaya has written in his rākha rāṅgā caraṇera pāśa|| Padāvalī: Sri Guru Nityananda’s divine lotus feet are ‘gaurāṅga’ balite habe pulaka śarīra| our one and only refuge. In the words of Sri ‘hari hari’ balite nayane ba’be nīra|| Vrindavan Das Thakur, āra kabe nitāicāṅda karuṇā karibe| saṁsāra-vāsanā mora kabe tuccha habe|| āmāra prabhura prabhu śrīgaurasundara| viṣaya chāḍiyā kabe śuddha habe mana| e baḍa bharasā citte dhari nirantara|| kabe hāma heraba śrīvṛndāvana|| Srila Thakur Mahasaya writes: When will I gain respite from all activities of this material cycle of birth and death? Having āra kabe nitāicāṅda karuṇā karibe| gained respite from all material activities, saṁsāra-vāsanā mora kabe tuccha habe|| when will my consciousness experience viṣaya chāḍiyā kabe śuddha habe mana| ecstasy with the hairs of my body standing on kabe hāma heraba śrīvṛndāvana|| end by chanting and chanting the name of Sri Gaurasundara? In worldly language, a word Through the attraction of Sri Nityananda and that which the word refers to are Prabhu, who is the direct expansion of Sri completely separate. The worldly sight, Krishna, we will achieve release from this fragrance, sound, taste, touch, thought and so dense and dark material cycle of birth and on are totally materially and externally death (samsāra). As long as we forget serving oriented. The sounds of , coming Krishna, we will remain in the samsāra. Even from the eternal mouth containing when our consciousness is utterly anxious to transcendental knowledge and situated in enjoy the sense objects like beautiful forms, divine love bring about ecstatic symptoms tastes and so on, there is no alternative to such as hair standing on end, etc. When will achieving release from those attachments I attain that state? apart from the mercy of the lotus feet of Sri Nityananda. One cannot engage in the āra kabe nitāicāṅda karuṇā karibe| spiritual practice of remembering Sri Hari saṁsāra-vāsanā mora kabe tuccha habe|| (hari-bhajana) without taking shelter of the lotus feet of Sri Nityananda. If one does not Will such a day come for me, when I will be engage in hari-bhajana, then he will be bound released from all worldly bondages? to go to the abode of Yamaraja after death. is our eternal shelter; however, I have not People who are averse to Sri Hari will suffer understood this. As long as we do not the results of their pious activities in heaven understand this point, we must remain busy (svarga) and the results of their sinful in this temporary material connection. activities in hell (naraka). Despite suffering Without the mercy of Sri Nityananda, this the three-fold miseries of material life, if our pure analysis and understanding cannot be intelligence still does not develop, then how attained. Despite the material miseries will we attain the supreme eternal causing us so much burning and pain, destination? throwing us into a miserable condition, we still do not think of Bhagavan even once. viṣaya chāḍiyā kabe śuddha habe mana| kabe hāma heraba śrī vṛndāvana||

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When will I give up the tendency to enjoy iti puṁsārpitā viṣṇau bhaktiś material sense objects and go near Krishna? cennavalakṣaṇam| When will I contemplate topics related to kriyeta bhagavatyaddhā tanmanye Krishna, thereby giving up the tendency to ’dhītamuttamam|| enjoy and to renounce and rather become inundated in the mellow of krṣṇa-bhakti? Individuals who desire ultimate auspiciousness must one-pointedly take kabe hāma heraba śrī vṛndāvana shelter of Navadvip Dham. It is necessary to take shelter of the lotus feet of Sri Gaura- Vrindavan is the eternal object of service for Nityananda. It is necessary to serve Their the jivas. It is stated in the Talavakāra Holy Names and holy abode (dham) and Upaniṣad: fulfill Their desires. The nine islands of Navadvip are the supreme places to engage in taddha tadvanaṁ nāma tadvanam the nine types of bhakti (navadha-bhakti). ityupāsitavyam Those who do not follow in the footsteps of the gurus and vaishnavas and who propound tadvan refers to His forest or the expansive knowledge acquired by the material senses forest. tadvan means that which has been never engage in service of the Supreme Lord explained as the object of service – the (adhokṣaja). magnificent Sri Vrindavan Dham. It is stated in the Srimad Bhagavatam: ācāryaṁ māṁ vijānīyānnāvamanyeta karhicit| na martyabuddhyāsūyeta sarvadevamayo vedyaṁ vāstavamatra vastu śivadaṁ guruḥ|| tāpatrayonmūlanam Those in whose brains the analysis of this When one is unable to know the actual verse has not entered end up possessing solely reality, then there is means of being freed materialistic intelligence. The grhavrata from the burning suffering of the three-fold people are busy with the minute materialistic miseries of the material world. knowledge which is present within the knowledge of the Supreme Lord. It is matirna kṛṣṇe parataḥ svato vā mitho necessary to give up materialistic household ’bhipadyeta gṛhavratānām| life and develop a household lifestyle centered adānta gobhirviśatāṁ tamisraṁ punaḥ punaś on the Lord (grhastha). It is necessary to carvita-carviṇānām|| follow the example of Sri Srivasa Prabhu. Krishna’s senses are transcendental but we Those who are averse to serving Krishna are engage in satisfying our own material senses known as grhavrata or ones concerned with through which we create a problematic their household duties only. Such people will situation for ourselves; it is necessary to never have their minds or paths turned extinguish this problem. towards Krishna. Sri Prahlad Maharaja analyzed and spoke to his father the karmaṇāṁ pariṇām itvād āviriñcyād following: amaṅgalam| vipaścinnaśvaraṁ paśyed adṛṣtamapi śravaṇam kīrtanam viṣṇoḥ smaraṇaṁ dṛṣṭavat|| pādasevanam| arcanaṁ vandanaṁ dāsyaṁ sakhyam Every person starting from Lord Brahma ātmanivedanam|| down to an insect who engages in karma-

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kānda or the practice of accepting sense Srila Rupa Goswamiprabhu. This is our enjoyment and rejecting sense enjoyment prayer: (bhoga-tyāga) must experience inauspiciousness. All material enjoyment of ādadānastṛṇām dantairidaṁ yāce punaḥ this world is temporary; one must understand punaḥ| that the material enjoyment of the heavens is śrī madrūpa padāmbhojadhuliḥ syāṁ janma also of the same quality. The writer of Bengali janmani|| poetry (pada-karta), Govinda Das has sung - bhajahuṅ re mana śrīnandanandana Let us all have the desire to be followers of Sri Rupa Goswamiprabhu (rupānuga): The vaishnava poet, Srila Vidyapati Thakur, has also sung the song tātala saikate. It is rūpa-raghunātha-pade haibe ākuti| necessary to have straightforward faith and kabe hāma bujhaba se yugalapirīti|| belief in the lotus feet of Bhagavan. Those rūpa-raghunātha-pade rahu mora āśa| who have sincere faith in the lotus feet of prārthanā karaye sadā narottamera dāsa|| Bhagavan must engage in service. It is unsure which day we will die; thus, we do not have Without the mercy of the lotus feet of the time to serve insignificant, temporary, and spiritual master who is non-different from perishable things. When we have taken birth Srila Rupa and Raghunath Das Goswamis, it in human bodies, we shall not serve tiny, is never possible to progress towards impermanent objects. We shall not become remembering and serving the Divine Couple grhavratas, who are solely engaged in (yugala-bhajana). It is necessary to discuss materialistic household lives. We shall not karmaṇāṁ pariṇamitvāt at every moment. become servants of dogs. We shall not Prahlada Maharaja has said: become like donkeys carrying heavy burdens on our backs. Rather, we shall become na te viduḥ svārthagatiṁ hi viṣṇuṁ durāśayā carriers of the essence. We shall give up the ye bahirarthamāninaḥ| tendency of flies and follow the tendency of andhā yathandhair upanīyamān āstepī śata honey bees. Analysis of the insignificant stryāmurudāmni baddhāḥ|| things of this world, looking at them as good or bad, pious or sinful, is all the function of The grhavrata people do not accept that the mind born of matter. Bhagavan is the sole object of worship. Bhagavan is the one and only path for our ‘dvaite’ bhadrābhadra-jñān, saba – own benefit. By not knowing this point, ‘manodharma’| people enjoy the material sense objects ‘ei bhāla, ei manda’ – era saba ‘’|| (bhogis) and renounce the material sense objects (tyagis). Today is the auspicious day of seeing the divine lotus feet of Sri Nityananda Prabhu. śrī kṛṣṇa prema dānena yena nistāritaṁ jagat We will find lots of time to discuss the poetry and prose of this material world; however, it Preaching the Holy Name, which is divine is necessary to discuss the topics of Sri Gaura- love, was the work of Sri Nityananda Prabhu. Nityananda in this very life. We shall forget It will be beneficial for us if we follow in the all of our material designations of being big or footsteps of Srila Narottam Das Thakur small and must pray so that we can eternally Mahasaya who was the recipient of Srila remain as a speck of dust at the lotus feet of Nityananda Prabhu’s mercy. If we imitate Srila Narottam Das Thakur Mahasaya, we will

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gain no benefit at all. Despite being the most eternally perfected devotees (nitya-siddha- fallen of human beings (narādhama), I gana) see the Sri Gaura lila happening in the became the topmost human being Vraja lila and the Sri Vraja lila happening in (narottama) by imitating Srila Narottama the Sri Gaura lila. Thakur – such a conception is the identification of vaiṣṇava-aparādha and In regards to how the spiritual practitioners barbarianism. Jivas can never attain liberation should behave, here Sriman Mahaprabhu’s without being anointed with the dust of the instruction given in the Sri Chaitanya feet of the great devotees, or in other words, Charitamrita: without becoming the unalloyed servant of the great devotees. grāmyakathā nā śunibe, grāmyavārtā nā kahibe| naiṣām matistāvadurukramāṅghriṁ bhāla nā khāibe āra bhāla nā paribe|| spṛśatyanarthāpagamo yadarthaḥ| amānī mānada haña kṛṣṇanāma sadā la’be| mahīyasāṁ pādarajo’bhiṣekaṁ niṣkiñcanānāṁ vraje rādhākṛṣṇa-sevā mānase karibe|| na vṛṇīta yāvat|| Those desiring to engage in the remembrance As long as the grhavrata people remain bereft and service of Sri Sri Radha Govinda do not of the anointment of the dust of the lotus feet need to listen to the songs of Vidyasundar or of the Supreme Lord’s devotees who possess to watch movies at the cinema theater. The nothing material, their minds will be unable one and only way to attain deliverance from to touch the lotus feet of Krishna, which the useless materialistic thoughts, behaviors destroys all unwanted materialistic thoughts, and acts is to take shelter of the lotus feet of behaviors and acts. guru – ādau guru-pādāśrayaḥ. Srila Das Goswamiprabhu has described the lotus feet ādadānastṛṇām dantairidaṁ yāce punaḥ of the spiritual master as follows: punaḥ| śrī madrūpa padāmbhojadhuliḥ syāṁ janma nāmaśreṣṭhaṁ manumapi śacīputramatra janmani|| svarūpam rūpaṁ tasyāgrajamurupurīṁ māthurīṁ “I should have no other ambition than to be goṣṭhabāṭīṁ| the transcendental dust of Sree Rupa rādhākuṇḍaṁ girivaramaho! rādhikā- Goswami Prabhu only.” It is only through mādhavāśāṁ following in the footsteps of Sri Rupa that the prāpto yasya prathita-kṛpayā śrīguruṁ taṁ mercy of Sri Govinda, the abhidheyādhi- nato’smi|| devata, can be received. I offer my obeisance to the lost feet of my dīvyad-vṛndāraṇya-kalpadrumādhaḥ śrīmad- spiritual master. The spiritual master has ratnāgāra-siṁhāsanasthau| given me the supreme Holy Name, mantra, Sri śrī-śrī-rādha-śrīla-govinda-devau preṣṭhālībhiḥ Gaurasundara who is the son of Saci, Svarupa sevyamānau smarāmi|| Goswami, Sri Rupa Goswami and his elder brother, Sri Sanatana Goswami Prabhu, the This Sri Kadamba tree, the king of trees, is the topmost Mathura, the pasture fields of shelter of the pastimes of Sri Radha Govinda Vrindavan, residence at Radha-kunda, in the divine Vrindavan Yogapitha. The Sri Govardhan, the greatest of all mountains, and Kadamba tree is non-different from the divine the desire to attain the service of Sri Sri Radha wish-fulfilling tree (divya-kalpadruma). The Madhava. The supreme Name, meaning Sri

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Sri Radha Govinda’s Name, which my harer-nāma harer-nāma harer-nāmaiva spiritual master has given me, the Hare kevalam| Krishna Name, is the supreme Name. This is kalau nāstyeva nāstyeva nāstyeva gatir- because, in comparison to the secondary anyathā|| names (gauna-nāma), the primary names (mukhya-nāma) are superior. Sri Radha One who does not chant the Holy Names will Govinda’s Name is even more direct than the end up becoming attached to enjoying sense primary names and that has been given to us pleasures or renouncing sense pleasures. If by śri guru-pāda-padma. Chanting the Holy the jivas do not chant the Holy Names, they Names (śri-nāma-bhajana) is the supreme will inevitably become engaged in enjoying spiritual practice. Despite kali-yuga being sense pleasures. All the talks of the people of filled with faults, chanting the Holy Names the material world are totally related to (nāma-sankīrtana) is the primary shelter and material sense pleasure and enjoyment destroyer of all faults in this age. Those who (bhoga-katha). You will not hear any topics chant the Holy Names in a pure state have related to Krishna by being near such people. achieved Krishna since Krishna’s Name and Committing offense to the Holy Name is not Krishna Himself, are non-different. the Holy Name, at all. If one is not engaged in remembering and chanting the names of Hari kalikāle nāmarūpe kṛṣṇa avatāra| for even on minute, then that person will have nāma haite haya sarva jagat nistāra|| to become attached to the material world. kalerdoṣanidhe rājannasti hyeko mahānguṇa| nama-srestham manumapi means that our kīrtanādeva kṛṣṇasya muktasaṅgaḥ paraṁ spiritual master has given us the Holy Name vrajet|| (nāma) and the mantra. The mantra and the mahāmantra are the merciful features of Sri Srila Rupa Goswami Prabhu has sung in his Nama. Sri Nāmāṣtaka: kṛṣṇamantra haite habe saṁsāra-mocana| nikhila-śruti-mauli-ratnamālā-dyutinīrajita- kṛṣṇanāma haite pābe kṛṣṇera caraṇa|| pāda-paṅkajānta| ayi muktakulairupāsyamānaṁ paritastvaṁ Through meditating on the kṛṣṇa-mantra, one harināma saṁśrayāmi|| gains liberation from the function of the mind which is to search for sense pleasure. In a The head portion of all the Vedas are the consciousness which is free from material Upanisads; the Upanisads have taken the form attachment and which is inclined towards of a jeweled necklace which illuminates the service, when the mercy of Sri Nama is tips of Your lotus feet through their radiance. experienced, then the sweetness of the lotus O, Harinama! You are always worshipped by feet of Sri Krishna will expand. Service to Sri the liberated personalities (Narada, Sukadeva, Nama and service to Krishna are one and the etc.) who have no desire other than Your same. The liberated personalities (mukta- pleasure. Thus, O, Harinama! I am taking kula) engage in serving Sri Nama. Srila Rupa shelter of You in all respects (being free from Goswamiprabhu has said: all offenses). (While describing this verse, Srila ayi muktakulairupāsyamānaṁ paritastvāṁ Prabhupada manifested symptoms of harināma saṁśrayāmi| overwhelming ecstasy). na te viduḥ svārthagatiṁ hi viṣṇuṁ durāśyā ye bahirarthamāninaḥ

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In other words, if we look externally to gain a knowledge (jïāna-kānda) consume the meaning of reality, we will give up service to material sense objects and attain self- which is the path of gaining genuine destruction. spiritual wealth; if we give up service to Vishnu and become busy in pleasing our own karmakāṇḍa, jñānakāṇḍa, kevala viṣaya senses, making material gains, and giving bhāṇḍa,’amṛta’ baliyā yebā khāya| considering everything other than Krishna to nānāyoni sadā phire, kadarya bhakṣaṇa kare, be of great value, then our self-destruction is tāra janma adhaḥpāte yāya|| guaranteed. Association of hatha-, rāja-yogis, and naiṣāṁ mat istāvadurukramāṅghriṁ scholars who are inclined towards spṛśatyanarthāpagamo yadarthaḥ|| argumentation should be given up. Normally, mahīyasāṁ pādarajo’bhiṣekaṁ niṣkiñcanānāṁ it is seen in the world that those who are na vṛṇīta yāvat|| arrogant scholars eventually become bereft of faith in the Supreme Controller, and take the As long we remain bereft of the anointment of opportunity to try and see if Bhagavan can be the dust of the lotus feet of the Supreme rejected through grammatical rules and Lord’s devotees who possess nothing argumentation. However, all of these material, our minds will be unable to touch demoniac activities are inauspicious for the the lotus feet of Krishna, which destroys all jivas. It is necessary for everyone to serve the unwanted materialistic thoughts, behaviors Supreme Lord with all that they have. Service and acts. to Bhagavan can be done through elephants, horses, wealth, motors and so on. When one If we are unable to make the dust of the becomes engaged in the gratification of one’s Supreme Lord’s devotees, who possess own sense pleasures, then service to Bhagavan nothing material, as the crowns on our heads, no longer takes place. It is necessary to give we will all face unfavorable problems. If we up the thought processes of those devoted to are unable to become the recipient of love solely material work (karmis) and speculative from Krishna’s devotees, then illusion (māya) knowledge acquisition (jïānis). Through the will throw us into the well of material spread of Mahaprabhu’s process of attaining existence. divine love, materialistic sense enjoyers, speculative knowledge seekers, practitioners Who is Krishna? What is divine love for Him? of the eight-fold path of yoga as well as others What is it to follow in the footsteps of Sri all gave up their quests for sense enjoyment Varsabhanavi? What is service to Sri and their imagined paths. Varsabhanavi’s sakhis? It is necessary for all of these topics related to spiritual practice and strī-putradikathāṁ jahurviṣayiṇaḥ remembrance to be well discussed. In order to śāstrapravādaṁ budhāḥ know all of these topics, it is necessary to one- yogīndrā vijahurmarunniyamajkleśaḥ pointedly hear from the Supreme Lord’s tapastāpasāḥ| devotees and to follow in their footsteps. By jñānābhyāsavidhiṁ jahuśca wearing the dust of the lotus feet of the yatayaścaitanyacandre parā- Supreme Lord’s devotees as one’s crown, one māviṣkurvati bhaktiyogapadavīṁ naivānya gains an eternal empire through which the āsīdrasaḥ|| variegated pastimes of the Supreme Lord can bhukti-mukti-spṛhā yāvat piśācī hṛdi vartate| be well understood. Those who are busy with tāvadbhaktisukhasyātra kathamabhyudayo material work (karma-kānda) and speculative bhavet||

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etāvajjanma-sāphalyaṁ dehināmiha dehiṣu| excessive scriptural study as is done by those prāṇairarthairdhiyā vācā śreya ācaraṇaṁ on the ascending path (arohapanthi) of sadā|| spirituality. naiṣāṁ matistāvadurukramāṅghriṁ spṛśatyanarthāpagamo yadarthaḥ|| daivī hyeṣā guṇamayī mama māyā duratyayā| mahīyasāṁ pādarajo’bhiṣekaṁ niṣkiñcanānāṁ māmeva ye prapadyante māyāmetāṁ taranti na vṛṇīta yāvat|| te| ye’pyanyadevatā bhaktā yajante First of all, one should keep far away all śraddhayānvitāḥ| thoughts that arise through the function of te’pi māmeva kaunteya the mind. The analysis of the ‘Gnostic school’ yajantyavidhipūrvakam|| is to be completely given up. In this verse, through the word mam, yāvānartha udapāne sarvataḥ saṁplutodake| Bhagavan is explaining, “Serve and worship tāvān saraveṣu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya Me, alone. Take shelter of Me. I am the one vijānataḥ|| and only deliverer. Bhaktas can know Me through bhakti, alone. I take away all material Wells and small bodies of water are known as attachments from one whom I bestow My udapana; an enormous body of water is mercy upon.” known as a samplutodaka. The function that a samplutodaka plays in bathing, drinking water yasyāhamanugṛhṇāmi hariṣye taddhanaṁ and other activities is the same for an śanaiḥ| udapana. Similarly, the work that is achieved tato’dhanaṁ tyajantyasya svajanāḥ by brāhmanas who understand the purport of duḥkhaduḥkitam|| (Srimad Bhagavatam all the Vedas is the same that is achieved by 10.88.8) brāhmanas who are specialized in only their avajānanti māṁ mūḍhā mānuṣīṁ own branches and who take shelter of the tanumāśritam| Upanishads, that ultimate work being the paraṁ bhāvamajānanto mama bhūta- attainment of sufficient realization of the self. maheśvaram|| (Bhagavad Gita 9.11) ye yathā mām prapadyante taṁstathaiva Scriptures are unlimited. Truths related to the bhajāmyaham| Supreme Lord are unlimited. For the jiva, it is mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha impossible for them to understand it all. sarvaśaḥ|| (Bhagavad Gita 4.11) Therefore, the essence of all scriptures as well as the analysis and practice of that which is If one understands the usage of the word favorable for the remembrance and chanting mam, then the question of a formless, of the names of Hari is necessary by all means; featureless God philosophy does not come that is to be accepted from the scriptures. If about. Krishna is saying – ‘mam – kṛṣṇam – my thirst is satisfied by drinking as much kṛṣṇam – kṛṣṇam”. water as will fit in my palms when put together, then what is the need of the huge kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! ocean for me? Love for Sri Hari is the jiva’s kṛṣṇa! he| ultimate object of desire. The words coming kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! from the mouth of Sri Gurudeva instruct this kṛṣṇa! he|| very principle. Through the mercy of the kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! spiritual master, one gets the mercy of rakṣa mām| Krishna. Therefore, one should not engage in

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kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! kṛṣṇa! pāhi hariḥ puraṭasundaradyuti-kadambasandīpitaḥ| mām|| sadā hṛdaya-kandare sphuratu vaḥ rāma! rāghava! rāma! rāghava! rāma! śacīnandanaḥ|| rāghava! rakṣa mām| kṛṣṇa! keśava! kṛṣṇa! keśava! kṛṣṇa! keśava! In relation to the topmost, effulgent mellow – pāhi mām|| unnatojjvala-rasa – it is present at the topmost stage of devotion and service to Krishna. That My master, Sri Nityananda, is busy at every topmost mellow was distributed by Sri moment to make everyone know about this Gaurasundara. Sri Rupa and Raghunatha Krishna. My master, Sri Nityananda, and my Prabhus have made this about Mahaprabhu master’s master, Sri Gaurasundara, have both known. spoken only about serving Sri Krishna; They have not spoken about serving Narayana or When attachment and the desire to enjoy the any other incarnations. kṛṣṇa-prema is material world is completely extinguished, attained solely through cultivating devotion then the words of Sri Rupa-Raghunatha will for Sri Krishna. Sri Gaura-Nityananda have enter the ears; this entrance will not occur made this fact known to the world and have before that stage of being free of material said to remember and serve Sri Krishna. attachment and desire. Sriman Mahaprabhu has explained about service to Krishna. Sri When kṛṣṇa-prema is being discussed, then Nityananda Prabhu has explained about Sri Rupa Goswamiprabhu’s verse is to be service to Sri Gaurasundara. Sri Damodara followed: Svarupa, who was known by the name anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyaṁ Purusottama Bhattacarya, has explained jñānakarmādyanāvṛtam| about service to Sri Nityananda Prabhu. Sri ānukūlyena kṛṣṇānuśīlanaṁ bhaktiruttamā|| Rupa-Raghunatha have explained about that Svarupa-Damodara. From studying the O, Baladeva Prabho! O, Krishnachandra! literatures written by the Goswamis, it is Protect us. Sri Gaura-Nityananda have taught understood that by discussing such topics the whole world to cultivate remembrance about their glories, the confidential essential and service to Sri Krishna in this manner. If meanings of the śruti scriptures will be the jivas do not properly understand the manifest in the heart. Srila Das Goswami truths related to Vishnu (viṣṇu-tattva), then Prabhu has said: they will gain no benefit. Saciputramatra – in this context, it is prescribed that cultivating yadavadhi mama kācit mañjarī rūpapūrvā devotion for the son of Saci Devi, Sri Krishna vrajabhuvi vata netradvandvadīptim cakāra| Chaitanyadeva must be done; this is because tadavadhi tava vṛndāraṇyarājñi prakāmaṁ Sri Chaitanyadeva did not tell us to do caraṇakamalalākṣā-saṁdidṛkṣā mamābhūt|| anything other than serving Krishna. Sri Chaitanyadeva came to give His own devotion Srila Bilvamangala Thakura has said: which had not been given before. In regards to His massive magnanimity, Sri Rupa advaitavīthī-pathikairupāsyāḥ Goswami says in the Mangalacarana of his svānandasiṁhāsana-labdhadīkṣāḥ| Vidagdha-madhava: haṭhena kenāpi vayaṁ śaṭhena dāsīkṛtagopavadhūviṭena|| anarpitacarīṁ cirāt karuṇayāvatīrṇaḥ kalau| samarpayitumunnatojjvalarasāṁ Srila Raghunatha Das Goswamiprabhu was a svabhaktiśriyam|| follower of Svarupa Damodara Prabhu, the

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leader of the Gaudiya devotees. He praised Sri sahajia-sampradayas identify as bhakti is not Chaitanyadeva and Srila Sanatana bhakti at all. Let me repeat, Goswamiprabhu in this manner: vairāgyayug bhaktirasaṁ prayatnair- yo māṁ dustaragohanirjala-mahā- apāyayan-mām-anabhīpsu-mandham| kūpādapāraklamāt kṛpāmbudhir-yaḥ paraduḥkha-duḥkhī sadyaḥ sāndradayāmbudhiḥ prakṛtitaḥ svairī sanātanaṁ taṁ prabhumāśrayāmi|| kṛpā-rajjubhiḥ| uddhṛtyātmasarojanindicaraṇaprāntaṁ He always felt despair upon seeing others’ prapadya svayaṁ misery and he was an ocean of mercy; even śrīdāmodarasāccakāra tamahaṁ though I did not have any desire, he made me, caitanyacandraṁ bhaje||” an unknowledgeable and blind person, drink vairāgyayug bhaktirasaṁ prayatnai- the juice of devotion connected with rapāyayanmāmanabhīpsumandham| renunciation through his great care and kṛpāmbudhiryaḥ paraduḥkha-duḥkhī effort. I surrender unto that Sanatana Prabhu, sanātanaṁ taṁ prabhumāśrayāmi|| the giver of knowledge which connects me with Krishna. This material cycle of birth and death is like a well bereft of water. The mud of that well is Cheating devotion which is connected with the attachment to the material body. Having attachment for material sense objects is not fallen into such a well, there is no means of the true essence of bhakti (bhakti-rasa) – not, deliverance. sadyah sandrakrpambudhih not, not! Sanatana Prabhu or my eternal guru- means He who immediately manifests the pada-padma made me drink the juice of merciful water of His true form to those kṛṣṇa-bhakti even though I was not desirous people who are completely surrendered; I of it by forcefully making me detached from take shelter of that Sriman Mahaprabhu Sri material sense objects which are inferior to Chaitanyacandra. Krishna.

I was totally bereft of any desire to taste the vaikuṇṭhājjanito varā madhupurī tatrāpi essence of bhakti. Further, due to my rāsotsavād foolishness, I did not even have eyes that vṛndāraṇyamudārapāṇiramaṇattatrāpi could recognize the beauty of the essence of govarddhanaḥ| bhakti. I take shelter of the greatest of rādhakuṇḍamihāpi gokulapateḥ masters, Srila Sanatana Goswamiprabhu, who premāmṛtāplāvanāt is an ocean of mercy, who felt misery upon kuryādasya virājato girigaṭe sevāṁ vivekī na seeing my miserable condition and made me kaḥ|| taste the essence of bhakti through great care, effort and skilled renunciation, which Vaikuntha situated in the spiritual world connected everything with the Supreme Lord (para-vyoma) is superior in comparison to all (yukta-vairāgya). other places of the spiritual world. Mathura- mandala, the birthplace of Bhagavan, is even caitanyacandrera dayā karah vicāra| superior to Vaikuntha. The Rasa-sthali where vicāra karile cite pābe camatkāra|| Krishna performed the Rasa-lila in Vrindavan is even superior to Mathura. Govardhana, the Due to the lack of fine analysis of the śruti place where Krishna roams and performs scriptural teachings, that which the prakrta- pastimes freely, is even superior to Vrindavan. Radha-kunda, the place supreme place where

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the nectar of kṛṣṇa-prema resides in the form Sri Radha-kunda. Uddhava prayed in this of water, is even superior to Govardhana. Will manner – any skilled, analytical, genuine bhakta (sad- bhakta) give up service to Sri Radha-kunda, āsāmaho caraṇareṇu-juṣāmahaṁ syāṁ situated at the base of Govardhana, and vṛndāvane kimapi gulmalatauṣadhīnām| engage his mind in some other service? yā dustyajaṁ svajanamāryapathañca hitvā bhejurmukundapadavīṁ śrutibhirvimṛgyām|| karmibhyaḥ parito hareḥ priyatayā vyaktiṁ yayurjñāninas- Alas! Let me be the servant of the lotus feet of tebhyo jïānavimuktabhaktiparamāḥ the vraja-sundarīs by being born as a shrub or premaikaniṣṭhāstataḥ| plant or as a herb in Vrindavan as the Vraja- tebhyastāḥ paśupālapaṅkajadṛśas-tābhyopi sā sundarīs renounced their own family, relatives rādhikā and path of righteousness and went to serve preṣṭhā tadvadiyaṁ tadīyasarasī tām nāśrayet Mukunda who is even searched out by the kaḥ kṛtī|| śruti scriptures.

Jivas who are fixed in goodness and engaged The path of pure remembrance and service to in pious activities are dearer to Krishna than Krishna comes in the spiritual lineage jivas who engage in wrongful activities, through the words of the spiritual masters. following their own desires. In comparison to Thus, it is necessary to discuss the bhagavat- those who engage in pious activities, a jïāni parampara. Srila Narottam Das Thakur who knows the brāhmana and who has prayed to Sri Rupaprabhu as follows: transcended all three modes of material nature is even dearer to Krishna. In Śrī caitanyamano’bhīṣtaṁ sthāpitaṁ yena comparison to a jïāni, a pure devotee bhūtale| (suddha-bhakta) is even dearer to Krishna. In svyaṁ rūpaḥ kadā mahyaṁ dadāti comparison to a suddha-bhakta, a devotee svapadāntikam|| fixed in unalloyed divine love for Krishna (premaikaniṣṭha bhakti) is even dearer to Sri Rupa Goswamiprabhu made the mind of Krishna. In comparison to the premaikaniṣṭha Sriman Mahaprabhu known through various bhakta, the damsels of Vraja (vraja-sundarīs) books such as Bhakti-rasāmrta-sindhu, are even dearer to Krishna. In comparison to Ujjvala-nilāmanī and so on. He distributed the the vraja-sundarīs, Srimati Varsabhanavi is the essence of devotion through devotional most dear to Krishna. Srimati Radharani’s literatures. Srila Jiva Goswamiprabhu and kunda is as dear to Sri Krishna as She is, Srila Raghunath Das Goswamiprabhu directly Herself, dear to Him. The kṛṣṇa-bhakta who came to now that it is impossible to reside at has the most fortune will take shelter of Sri Radha-kunda without taking shelter of the Radha-kunda in an unalloyed manner. The lotus feet of Mahaprabhu. The supreme and banks of Radha-kunda are the supreme place topmost desire is to reside at Radha-kunda for remembering Krishna (sarva-sreṣṭha where Saivya or Candravali cannot enter. The bhajana-sthāna). Who is foolish enough to supreme desire is to serve Sri Govinda by give up Sri Radha-kunda and run towards being the servant of Srimati Radharani. Srila Govardhana, Vrindavan or Mathura? That Baladeva Vidyabhusana Prabhu remembered place which Krishna’s dear devotee, Uddhava the abhidheyādhi-devata, Sri Govindadeva, Mahasaya, did not achieve is the supreme and then wrote the Govinda-bhāṣya place for remembering Krishna – the banks of commentary on the Vedānta-sutra. Our tens of millions of obeisance remain at the divine

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feet of Sriman Nityananda Prabhu whose life No matter where we stay, we must surely was totally devoted to Sri Gauranga, who is follow the rules of the place in which we stay. non-different from Sri Nandanandana. For example, it can be said that we must follow the rules of the country in which we reside. Otherwise, we will be faced with various difficulties from the government of that country. In order to overcome such difficulties, we will have to face various problems. If we are not pleased with the solution to these problems, then we have to face more problems and the resulting distress. For example, an Indian citizen goes to visit America from India. If that person does not follow the rules of the American Government, then the American Government will surely punish the Indian citizen. Those punishments will put that Indian citizen in a situation of difficulty and suffering. The galaxy has many universes. The main controller or governor of all of the universes is Lord Krishna. This government headed by Sri Krishna has the rule that you must do everything for the pleasure of Krishna. The rule of the government of Krishna is that brahmanas, ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras as well as brahmacaris, grhasthas, vanaprasthis and Discourse given by Srila Prabhupada Bhaktisiddhanta sannyasis must engage in pleasing Krishna Sarasvati Thakur at Sri Yogapitha, Sri Mayapur Dham th through all of their actions. O, living entities on the evening of 5 February 1936; Published in the embodied in human form, if you act for the ‘Gaudiya’ magazine, number 39, English translation by Swami B.B. Bodhayan on the occasion of Sri pleasure of your own sense gratification and Nityananda Trayodashi, 2020 bodies, then you will have to surely experience distress and suffering. In the THE REASON FOR OUR DISTRESS Chaitanya Charitamrta, we learn how people who do not follow the rules of the

government of Krishna receive punishments: by HDG Srila Bhakti Bibudha Bodhayan

Goswami Maharaj krsna bhuli’ sei jiva anadi bahira-mukha

ataeva maya tare deya samsāra-ādi duhkha The Supreme Lord is the personification of peace and bliss. This universe is His creation. “When the living entity forgets Krishna and We are the fortunate living entities who are becomes involved in external materialism, created by Him in the form of humans. But, then the illusory energy gives that living why are we so distressed and sad? Even entity the sufferings of the material cycle of though we have dignified birth as humans, birth and death.” why do we envy each other? What is the way for us to be released from our daily distress, Now, there are some questions that naturally sadness and envy? arise in our minds. What does samsāra mean?

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People engage in family lives in order to material nature, the conditions of the various experience happiness. Then why do they living entities have become diversified. experience sadness? Analyze the diversifications. The living entities have diverse bodies, moods, forms, First, we must understand what the word natures, tastes, residences and destinations. samsāra means. Then we can discuss the topic The living entity enters the material world further. The living entities who are embodied and gets a new sense of the concept of itself, as humans attain a particular association of “I”. In the purified state, the living entity is people based on the results of their previous the servant of Krishna. This was its concept of actions. The influence of this association itself earlier. Now, the living entity thinks of creates the particular nature of the living itself, “I am human. I am the Lord. I am an entity. In this context, Srila Bhaktivinode animal. I am a king. I am a brahmana. I am a Thakur writes in his book, Jaiva Dharma: dog-eater. I am suffering. I am hungry. I am humiliated. I am defeated. I am the husband. “There are two stages of the living entity: 1. I am the father. I am the wife. I am the enemy. liberated state (mukta-daśa) and the 2. I am the friend. I am a scholar. I am materially bound state (samsāra-baddha- handsome. I am powerful. I am weak.” In this daśa). The pure devotee of Krishna who has way, how many identifications exists? This is never become bound by the illusory energy or known as the concept of “I” (ahamata). There who has become liberated from the illusory is another concept known as belonging to ‘me’ material world by the mercy of Krishna is a (mamata) – “ My house, my things, my liberated living entity (mukta-jiva) and is money, my body, my sons and daughters, my situated in the liberated state. One who has wife, my husband, my father, my caste, my turned away from Krishna and who is bound color, my power, my form, my qualities, my in the illusory energy is a materially bound knowledge, my renunciation, my scholarship, living entities (baddha-jiva) and is situated in my actions, my wealth, my dependents, etc.” the materially bound state. The living entity In this way, how many different types of who is liberated from the illusory energy is “my”’s exist. The notion of “I” and “mine” is transcendental (cinmaya) and its life’s a huge concept known as samsāra.” occupation is service to Krishna (kṛṣṇa- dāsya). That living entity is not situated in the The main reason of us entering into this material world. That living entity is situated material illusory world is due to our in the completely pure, transcendental world. forgetfulness of Krishna being the supreme That transcendental world is known as controller. The following example helps to Goloka, Vaikuntha, Vrindavan, and so on. understand the concept clearly. A person The living entities who are liberated from the constructed many houses in this material material illusory energy are unlimited. The world that is controlled by the illusory living entities who are bound in the material energy. That person is constantly thinking, illusory energy are also unlimited. In the state “These houses are mine. I spent so much of having turned away from Krishna (kṛṣṇa- sweat and effort to make these houses.” If bahira-mukhata-daśa), the illusory energy another person tries to exert even a miniscule who is the shadow-like potency of Krishna amount of ownership over any of these (māya, chāya-sakti) binds that materially houses, then there will be many arguments bound living entity by her three modes, between this person and the person who namely the modes of goodness (sattva-guna), constructed the houses. The judge in the passion (raja-guna) and ignorance (tama- court is also a living entity bound by the guna). Due to the variations in the modes of material illusory energy. The judge analyzes

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and determines that the first person is the to the world. They direct their attachment to actual owner of the land and that the second the service of Krishna. Being attached to person has exerted deceit and power to enjoy Krishna, they serve Him. Such an intelligent the land and houses. Then, the judge says, person does not become attached to anything “The second person has taken over the houses of the material world and thus, does not have in an unauthorized manner and must now pay to face any suffering due to the illusory a fine or serve a jail sentence.” Similarly, energy. whatever we do based on this concept of having forgotten that the controller of this By Swami B.B. Bodhayan, January 2020 material world is Sri Krishna will force us to be punished by the judge of the illusory RAMANUJA ACHARYA’S energy. In the material world of illusory HUNGER FOR KNOWLEDGE & energy, a person who is more attached to the LOVE FOR THE LORD concept of “I” and “mine” faces more suffering in the material world. In reality, if we engage in an appropriate manner in all of by HDG Srila Bhakti Pramode Puri Goswami our material relationships and engage one- Thakura pointedly in the service of Sri Krishna, then we will not face any sufferings. The According to the tradition, Sri attachment to the material world of illusion is Ramanujacharya appeared in AD 1017 on the the root cause of our suffering. In order to fifth day of the full moon in the month of better explain this concept, another example Chaitra. has been given below. When Nambi, Ramanuja’s maternal uncle, There is a small tree filled with thorns from heard of the birth, he immediately came to the root to the top of the tree. A person is Perumbudar to see the child. On seeing his given the responsibility of taking care of the dear friend Asuri Kesavacharya, he embraced tree. The tree starts growing very tall and him and congratulated him on becoming a wide. The person takes care of the tree for a father of this jewel-like son. Looking at the long time and starts developing affection for child, he saw so many auspicious the tree. Now, if the person becomes characteristics that he began repeating over overcome by attachment to the tree and hugs and over, “This child is special and will the tree, then the thorns from the tree will become a great personality one day.” He said, give the person great pain. It would have been “This boy should be named Lakshman, for he proper for the person to not hug the tree and is just like Lord Ramachandra’s younger to just water it out of responsibility. Whilst brother (rämänuja).” This identification we remain in the material world in our material bodies, we must execute our duties remained, and to this day Sri Vaishnavas in relation to our material relatives such as consider Ramanuja to be an incarnation of family, neighbors and friends; however, it is Lakshman. not proper to become attached to any of those The child grew quickly, and when he came of people. Material attachment is just like age, Kesavacarya immersed him in hugging the thorn-filled tree. education, for which he developed a great

Thus, those who are truly intelligent, love. As time passed, he underwent all the complete their worldly responsibilities purificatory rites of a pious Hindu, including however, do not become materially attached

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the sacred thread ceremony and was married, cannot simultaneously possess at the age of sixteen. mutually contradictory attributes. It goes against reason.” Yadava Prakash was Even after marriage, Ramanuja’s hunger for attempting to show that Brahman is without knowledge was such that he sought out a attributes, or nirguëa. teacher in the Vedanta. He heard of just such a professor named Yadava Prakash in the Ramanuja objected this misinterpretation. He village of Tirupputkujhi near Kanchipuram said, “If God is truth, then to say He has no and went to join his other students in a study attributes turns Him into a non-entity, of Vedanta. Yadava Prakasa followed the something that has no real substance, no real Shankaraite method of interpreting the being. As soon as you accept that God exists, Vedanta. you have to accept that He possesses attributes. If you don’t accept His attributes, Not long after Ramanuja’s birth, his aunt Sri then He becomes non-truth. We have to Devi and her husband Kamalanayan Bhatta accept that there is such a thing as existence. had also given birth to a son in the village of But even more, we must accept that the Majhalaimangalam (or Madhuramangalam), attributes of truth, knowledge and infinity are which was also not far from Kanchipuram. not inconsistent with each other as you claim. Periya Tirumalai Nambi immediately went to When the Srutis say that God is truth, they see the newborn and congratulated him on his mean that He exists eternally. When they say good fortune. Nambi read the child’s that God is knowledge, they mean that He is horoscope and came to the conclusion that he conscious, or spiritual in nature. How could too would be learned in spiritual matters and God be unconscious, or something other than would eventually renounce material life in spiritual? This would turn Him into just order to pursue service to the Supreme Lord. another lifeless lump of matter. The child was named Govinda. He too Consciousness is thus inseparable from God’s received all the rites of passage befitting a existence. God is transcendent spirit; this is brahmin boy and given a good education. His essential nature.” When he came of age, his parents got him married also. But when he heard that his “Finally, it is said that God is infinite. God’s cousin Ramanuja was nearby in existence and His consciousness are not Tirupputkujhi studying the Vedanta with restricted like that of the sense-bound Yadava Prakasa, he decided to join him and conditioned souls. He is beyond all follow the same course of study. restrictions. He is not a limited, finite, miserable creature like we are. He is beyond The two cousins were attending classes the ability of our senses to grasp.” regularly, but one day their teacher began to comment on the famous Taittiréya Upaniñad “Brahman is satyam, meaning that he is text satyaà jïänam anantaà brahman (2.1.3): eternal truth. He is jïänam, meaning that he “Brahman is in essence truth, knowledge and is eternal spirit, the form of pure infinity.” Yadava Prakash argued, “All these consciousness; and He is unlimited, in other attributes cannot exist simultaneously in words not restricted or conditioned by time, Brahman any more than a cow can be without space or any mode like an ordinary material horns, have broken horns, and be endowed object. Therefore the relation between these with healthy horns all at the same time. three attributes of Brahman is one of

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interdependence. They are not unrelated However, Yadava Prakash explained the entities. A flower can be red, soft and fragrant words kapy-äsam puëòarékam evam akñiëé in at the same time, so too can Brahman possess accordance with Shankara’s commentary: these different attributes without any of them tasyaivaà sarvataù suvarëa-varëasyäpy diminishing another. The example of the cow akñëor viçeñaù | katham? tasya yathä kaper given by Yadava Prakash, on the other hand, markaöasyäsaù kapyäsaù | äser is entirely irrelevant. The example of the upaveçanärthasya karaëe ghaï | kapi-påñöhänto flower, or that of the sun, whose heat and yenopaviçati | kapyäsa iva puëòarékam atyanta- light are simultaneously existing, are both tejasvi | evam asya devasyäkñiëé | more fitting. Therefore, Brahman is the unlimited ocean of auspicious qualities, the This is translated as follows: “This luminous possessor of infinite transcendental Divine Being is golden in every part of his attributes; anyone who denies Him these form; however, his eyes are different. How? attributes and says He is nirguëa is talking Just like a monkey’s lower behind, in other about something other than the Brahman of words, that portion he uses to sit on, the the Srutis, who is satyaà jïänam anantaà portion under his tail, is of a different color. brahman. Indeed, this is a perversion of the A lotus is extremely effulgent like the behind meaning of the Sruti. Though scriptures of a monkey, and so too are the eyes of this sometimes speak of God being without Deity.” attributes, the meaning is that He is When Ramanuja heard this vulgar untouched by the material qualities, and comparison of the Supreme Lord’s beautiful possesses infinite transcendental qualities.” lotus eyes to a monkey’s behind, and his eyes Yadava was annoyed on hearing Ramanuja's filled with hot tears. A few of them spilled interpretation, as it was a more logical over onto the acharya’s back. Yadava Prakash understanding than the one which saw looked back at his student and saw the sad Brahman as something impersonal and look on his face. Yadava asked, “What’s the without features. However, all he could do matter, Ramanuja? You seem to be feeling was look at his young student some great inner sadness. Please tell me what contemptuously and say, “Are you arguing is wrong.” with me?” Ramanuja immediately responded, “O One day Ramanuja was massaging the back of Gurudeva! The distorted explanation you his teacher Yadava Prakash, while the have given of these beautiful Vedic lines has preceptor explained the texts from the pained my heart terribly.” Chandogya Upanishad (1.6.6-7) that contains These words made Yadava Prakash angry and the words kapy äsam puëòarékam evam he challenged his student to give a superior akñiëé. “Now that golden person, who is seen interpretation. Ramanuja said, “Can’t you see within the sun, with golden beard and golden that ka here means water, and pi is derived hair, golden altogether to the very tips of his from the verb meaning to drink. So the word nails, whose eyes are like a blue lotus; his kapi means ‘water-drinker,’ or in other words, name is ut, for he has risen (udita) above all the Sun which dries up the water. The word evil. He also who knows this, rises above all äsa means ‘open’ or ‘in full bloom,’ and not evil.” ‘that which is sat upon.’ The word puëòaréka

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means lotus. It is well known that the said, “Continue to deal with him in a friendly Supreme Lord is envisioned within the orb of manner so that he does not suspect anything. the sun, and His eyes are like the lotus flower Then in a few days, we will suggest that that blooms under the beams of the sun’s rays. everyone go on pilgrimage to the northern This understanding of the text seems much holy places like Benares. Then, when he is more reasonable to me, as it is widely known taking his bath in the Manikarnika Ghat at poetic trope that the sun is the lover of the Benares, make sure he drowns in the Ganges lotus. river. You will be able to expiate your sin. “I cannot believe that the great acharya This devilish plot was put into effect, and a Shankara did not know this meaning of the short time later, Yadava Prakash’s students, word kapyäsa, but he only gave this vulgar including Ramanuja and his cousin Govinda interpretation because he wanted to deceive Bhatta, set off on a pilgrimage journey to foolish people. His goal was to mislead people North India. Govinda somehow learned of the away from the personal conception of God plot, and though the other students suspected and to preach impersonalism.” that he might tell Ramanuja and did everything to keep the two separate. When Yadava Prakash once again was unable to find they reached the Vindhya Hills, however, a flaw in Ramanuja’s reasoning. Nevertheless, Ramanuja fell behind the others and at the he became enflamed at his student’s audacity same time had to go to the toilet. Govinda in countering the great acharya’s managed to escape the eyes of his companions commentary. He said, “Brazen child! If you and told his cousin that his life was in danger. have nothing more to learn from me, then it “These people have milk in their mouths and is perhaps best that you do not stay here. Give poison in their hearts,” he said. “Their up your studies here and go somewhere else.” purpose is to carry out an evil plot that our Ramanuja said nothing, but humbly offered own teacher has devised.” his obeisance and left. However, Yadava The two then took the opportunity to escape Prakash was bitter that he had been bested by the danger and the unholy association of their a mere boy, and he further recognized that fellow students. They left the main highway such an extraordinarily intelligent and to follow less frequented paths, setting off talented person would, through his expertise through the deep jungle. Their feet were in interpreting the scriptures, could do great scratched and bleeding from the twigs and damage to the Advaita school of philosophy. roots, but they pressed on. The sun beat down He thus thought, “Ramanuja could become a on them, abandoned and alone, without food great enemy of the followers of Shankara by or shelter, the two cousins became confused destroying their acharya’s reputation. He will about what to do. At this time, they came bring turbulence into the world of the across a forest-dwelling couple, and even Vedanta. We must get rid of him somehow or though they made their living hunting and other.” trapping animals, Govinda and Ramanuja Motivated in this way by envy and sectarian considered them to be forms of the Lord who feeling, he called his more devoted disciples had appeared for their benefit in the middle of together and began to talk to them of the the wilderness. danger that Ramanuja represented to their school of thought. Finally, Yadava Prakash

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Ramanuja asked them who they were and followed the sound. He came to a beautiful where they were going. They answered, “We pond, surrounded by flowers and fruit trees. are hunters and we are coming from the He went to the people to ask them where he ashram of a realized saint in the north was, whether there was any town nearby. But country. We are on our way to Satyavrata when he asked them, they looked at him Kshetram.” The cousins knew that this was curiously and said, “Don’t you know where the name given in the Puranas to the sacred you are? Look over there.” Ramanuja looked town of Kanchipuram or Conjeevaram. and saw that the great gopuram of the Varadaraj temple in Kanchipuram was right Overjoyed that they were headed to a place there before him. Amazed, Ramanuja began to they knew, Ramanuja asked if they could think that the pair of hunters who had shown follow, and the couple gladly accepted to lead him the way in the forest had surely been them through the forest. After a walking a Lakshmi and Narayan, for how could he and little ways, the sun set and the four travellers Govinda have travelled the thousand miles had to look for a place to pass the night. They from the Vindhya Hills all the way to found shelter under a banyan tree and went to Kanchipuram in a single night without the sleep. Towards the end of the night, the miraculous intervention of the Lord? He was hunter’s wife got thirsty and asked her overwhelmed with devotional ecstasy at the husband to get her some water. He answered thought of their unlimited mercy. that night was nearly over and they were not far from a clear lake where she would be able to drink to her heart’s content when morning came. Ramanuja overheard the conversation and thought, “If I had the strength, or if I knew the area, I would myself serve this kindhearted woman by fetching water to slake her thirst.” And so thinking he dozed off again. When night ended, there was a gentle breeze blowing when they awoke. Ramanuja had God’s names on his lips and he started reciting his prayers and hymns as he was would do in the mornings. When he felt it was time to set off on their travels again, he looked around for the hunter couple, but saw them nowhere. He called out and searched in every direction but could not find them anywhere. He started walking, but had no idea which From that day on, Ramanuja remained in way he should be going. He started to become Kanchipurnam, taking water from the same afraid. As the sun rose in the sky, he looked tank each day for the service of the Varadaraj around for some sign of which direction he deity. should go, but remained confused. Then he Translated from the unpublished works of HDG Srila heard the sound of people making a noise and Bhakti Promode Puri Goswami Thakur

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VAISHNAVA FESTIVALS: FEBRUARY 2020

Date Festival 1 February Appearance Day of Sri Advaita Acharya 3 February Disappearance day of Srila Madhva Acharya 4 February Disappearance day of of Srila Ramanuja Acharya 5 February Bhaimi Ekadasi 6 February Appearance Day of Lord Varaha (Varaha dvadashi) 7 February Appearance Day of Sri Nityananda Prabhu (Nityananda trayodashi) 9 February Appearance Day of Srila Narottam Das Thakur (Maghi purnima) 13 February Appearance Day of Sri Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Goswami Prabhupada 19 February Vijaya Ekadashi 22 February Sri Shivaratri 24 February Disappearance Day of Srila Jagannath Das Babaji Maharaj

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