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The Yoga Upanishads

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THE YOGA-UPANISAD-S TKANSLATED INTO ENGLISH (ON THE BASIS OF THE COMMENTARY OF S'RI UPANISAD-BRAHMA-YOGIN) BY T. R. S'RlNIVASA AYYAl^IGAR, B.A., L.T. (Retired Head Master, Kalyaffa-sundaram High School, TaAjore) AND EDITED BY PANDIT S. SUBRAHMANYA S'ASTRl, F.T.S. THE ADYAR LIBRARY 1938 Printed by c subbarayudu, At the Vasanta Press, Apyar, Madras PREFACE In issuing this first Volume (The Yoga Upanisad-s) of the English translation of the One Hundred and Eight Upanisad-s, foreshadowed by the late Panciit Mahadeva S'astrl, B.A., Director of The Adyar Library, in his preface to the first Volume (The Yoga Upanisad-s) in August 1920, and planned by Prof. C. Kunhan Raja, M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.), Honorary Curator of the Oriental Section of the Adyar Library, in his Introduction to the second Volume of The Das'opanisad-s in July 1936^ my first duty is to tender my grateful thanks to Brahmas'rl Pandit S. Subrahmanya S'astri Avl., F.T.S., who undertook this work as a labour of love and to whom I am in continual obligation for the many services he has been rendering to the Adyar Library ; and to S'rl T. R. S'rinivasa Ayyangar Avl., B.A , L.T., Retired Head Master, Kalyana-sundaram High School, Tanjore, who has collaborated with the Pandit with his wonted zeal in editing and seeing the work through the press. It is hoped to publish at an early date the Translations of the remaining Upanisad-s. The publication of the Upanisad-s with critical notes originally planned and started by Dr. Schrader, a former Director of the Adyar Library, is proposed VI THE YOGA UPANISADS to be taken up after the publication of the Translation is completed. The Translation closely follows the Commentary of S'rl Upanisad-brahma-yogin, who is the only one so far known to have achieved the unique distinc- tion of having written a commentary on all the One Hundred and Eight Upanisad-s and has presented, in an extremely lucid manner, S'ri S'amkaracarya's commentary on the ten major Upanisad-s, which he seems to have closely followed. The advantage of following the interpretation of obscure passages by a single writer, right through the entire field covered by the One Hundred and Eight Upanisad-s, cannot be overestimated. While an attempt has been made to give a verhatim et hterattm rendering of the Up^nisad-s, which is indeed no easy task, portions not bearing on the words of the Text, but which are necessary to render the meaning clear, are enclosed within circular brackets, while the introductory notes to the Upanisad-s and other extraneous matter, considered necessary for the further elucidation of the subject-matter, are enclosed within rectangular brackets The Adyar Library G Srinivasa Murti 15th September, 1938 Honorary Director THE YOGA-UPANISAD-S CONTENTS PAGE Advaya-tarakopanisad 1-8 Eligibility for Taraka-yoga 1 The means -and the end of Yoga 1 The form of Taraka 2 How to be attained 2 Description of internal introspection 2 Description of external introspection 4 Description of intermediate introspection 4 The two-fold Taraka 4 The achievement of Taraka-yoga ' 5 The two to be distinguished as corporeal and in corporeal 5 The real form of Taraka-yoga . 6 Mudra pertaining to S'ambhu 7 Forms of internal introspection 7 The description of Acarya 7 Fruit borne by a study of this Upanisad 8 Amrta-nadopanisad 9-16 Expedients such as study 9 Worship of the Pra^iava 9 Description of Pratyahara 10 The six-fold Yoga 10 The fruits of Praijayama, etc. 10 The three-fold Praijayima 11 Description of Praijayama U THE YOGA UPANI§ADS PAGE 11 Description of Recaka . 11 Description of Puraka . Description of Kumbhaka 12 Description of Dharaija 12 Description of Tarka 12 Description of Samadhi 12 The expedient to be employed for the achievement of Samadhi . 13 The constant practice of Yoga 14 The seven doors leading to the attainment of the Atman 14 The giving up of fear, etc. 14 The fruit of the practice of Yoga 14 The thing to be meditated on through Yoga 15 The manner of meditation 15 15 The limit of breathing , The seats of the Prana, etc 16 Their different colours 16 The final fruit . 16 Amrta-bindOpanisad 17-21 The mind alone, the cause of bondage and liberation . 17 Mental control, the expedient for liberation 17 The attainment of Brah manhood by the knowledge of the Brahman ...... 18 Attainment of the non-qualified Brahman through pondering over the qualified Brahman 18 The oneness of the Atman 19 Freedom from birth and death of the Atman . 19 Realization of the Absolute Brahman . 20 The attainment of the transcendent Brahman by medi tating on the S'abda- brahman 20 Oneness of the Atman inhering in all bemgs 21 Meditation, the cause of realizing the Atman • 21 CONTENTS Xi PAGE K§URIKOPANISAD ...... 22-26 Yogadhikara ...... 22 Asana and PrSijayama ..... 22 PratyahSra ...... 23 The practice of Yoga and the person eligible therefor . 25 The fruit of Samadhi ..... 26 Tejo-bindupanisad ..... 27-87 Expedients to be employed for the attainment of the undifferentiated Brahman .... 28 Looking upon the transcendent entity itself as subject to relative attributes . ... 28 The fifteen-fold Yoga, as aid to the knowledge of the transcendent Brahman .... 30 Description of the fifteen Anga-s ... 30 Becoming the Brahman by the practice of Yoga . 33 Mitigation of the obstacles to Samadhi ... 34 The attainment of pure Brahmanhood, through Samadhi 34- The indivisible oneness in essence of all . 36 Conceiving all things as the state of utter consciousness. 39 Fruit borne by knowledge of the Brahman . 41 Realizing the state of the Atman as that of the ever- existing, conscious and blissful Brahmanhood . 42 Realizing the Atman as not possessed of all the diverse forms ....... 46 The realization of the non-existence of all things other than the Atman • • • . 47 The practice of the Atma-mantra " I am the Brahman " . « 48 Jivan-mukti—the attainment of the state of the Brahman ...... 50 Videha-mukti—taking one's stand on the Absolute Brahman, which is the absolute Atman, with nothing corresponding to it . .54 Xll THE YOGA UPANI^DS PAGE Rule for the concentration on one's own Atman . 60 The nature of one's own Atman . 61 The falsehood of all Anatman .... 63 ' The Absolute Brahtnanhood of the I '-entity . 68 The non-existence of antithetical forms in the case of the phenomenal world of ignorance and its results . 70 The mind alone, actuated by volition and the like, is the cause of all trouble . .72 The state of Existence, Consciousness and Bliss. 74 The Brahraanhood of all . 74 The non-relative Atmanhood of the Brahman . 79 The non-existence of the phenomenal world lying outside the Atman . 82 " Rule for the attainment of the conception, I am the Brahman " . 86 Rule about traditional usage in accord with the S'astra . ... 86 Tri-s'ikhi brahmanopanisad . .88-115 Questions relating to the Atman, the Brahman and the like ... 88 Everything is of S'lva .... 88 The coming into being of all the world out of the Brahman ..... 89 The division of the one mass into the many . 89 The variants of ether and other elements . 90 Their diverse ranges of functioning ... 90 The functions of the subtile elements ... 91 Division into Adhyatmic and the like . 91 What is expounded by the functioning of the knower . 92 TKe creation, from the Brahman ending with Paficl- karaija ...... 92 The creatioif of the world consisting of the animate and the manimate ..... 93 CONTENTS xili PAGE The four states ...... 94 The northern and southern courses 95 Gnosis, which brings about immediate release . 95 Yoga, the means to be adopted for the acquisition of Gnosis ...... 96 Karma-yoga and J Sana-yoga . 96 Astariga-yoga, the expedient to be employed for the acquisition of the knowledge of the non-qualified Brahman .... 97 The ten-fold Yama-s and Niyama-s 97 The Asana-s according to the Hatha-yoga method 98 Rule relating to the control of breath after going through the preliminary purification of the Nadi-s . 100 The real form of the region of fire 100 The position of the navel . 101 The Jiva moving m the cluster of Nadi-s 101 The position of the Kupdalini and its function 101 The real form of the cluster of Nadi-s in the middle of the body 102 The vital airs circulating in the Nddi-s 103 Knowledge of the Nadi-s antecedent to the purification of the Nadi-s 104 The place for the practice of Yoga and the rule relat mg to It . 105 Mere Kumbhaka with the Cin mudra 105 Praqayama ..... 105 Praijayama for purifying the Nadi-s 106 The fruit of PraqSyama ... 107 Destruction of disease through control of breath 107 Conquest of the mind by the Saii-mukhi-mudra 108 The course taken by the Prapa 109 The attainment of Yoga through knowledge of the course of Pra^a ..... 109 The withdrawal of the Praqa from the seats of Mannan 110 wv THE YOGA UPANI^DS PAGE The manner of Dhara^a . .111 The holding of the five elements in the limbs of the body Ill The meditation of Aniruddha and others in the seats of Prthivi and others and the fruit thereof . 112 Meditation on the Parmatman and the fruit thereof . 112 Consciousness of Vasu-deva transcending the Turiya . 113 Meditation on the qualified Brahman . .114 Meditation on the non-difTerentiated Brahman .
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