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EIS 1080 ABO1 9714 Coastline Management Manual

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EIS 1080 ABO1 9714 Coastline management manual In Manual U U I I ni Li LA U U New South Wales Government I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I E , cQCf4 1 _ I I COASTLINE I MANAGEMENT I MANUAL I I I I I I 1 I 1 September 1990 ISBN 0730575063 i New South Wales Government I NSW OEPAR11"MEN1 O I MNERAL RESOURCES 8 JUN 1895 I LIBRARY @CROWN COPYRIGHT 1990 ENEW SOUTH WALES I I FOREWORD i The Coastline Hazard Policy is but one of a range of Government policies and initiatives relating to the coastal zone. Many of these are outlined in the NSW Coast: Government Policy. Decisions I regarding the management of coastline hazards must be considered in relation to all these policies and initiatives. Specifically, the Coastline Hazard Policy introduces a range of planning and structural measures I which provide for: - the establishment of a statewide management system which requires balanced I management of the coastline; - the control the potential for losses in new development through the application of I effective planning controls designed to ensure that the development is compatible with the hazards; I - a reduction in the impact of hazards on existing developed areas through the construction of protective works and/or the voluntary purchase of property at equitable I prices; and - the construction of beach improvement works to protect or enhance the recreational amenity of the State's most heavily used beaches and their associated sand dune I systems. In applying the Coastline Hazard Policy, all planning, development and building proposals should be treated on their merits. Social, economic, aesthetic, recreational, and ecological factors need I to be considered, as well as coastline hazards. In this way, appropriate development of coastal areas will not be unnecessarily prevented, but potentially inappropriate development will either be excluded from hazardous areas or conditioned to render it compatible with the hazards and its I environment. As part of the implementation of the Policy, this Manual has been prepared to assist those I responsible for management of the coastline to reach balanced, merit based decisions. The Manual sets down a management system through which local councils can better manage the coastline in accordance with the Government's requirements and provides information concerning coastal processes, hazards and hazard management measures to those involved with development I proposed in proximity to the coastline and to those whose property is threatened by coastal hazards. I Under the Policy, legislation will be introduced to permit rates to be reduced for land that cannot be developed because of its hazard exposure. The Government will also legislate to provide exculpation from liability to councils for decisions and advice provided on the basis of the coastline I management principles set down in this Manual. I I I I I ii I 1 I 1 I I I I I I 11 I I I I I 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page FOREWORD (i) I SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Problem 1 1 1.2 Government Initiatives 1 i .3 The Need for an Integrated Planning Approach 2 I 1.4 Government Specialist Advice 3 1 .5 Objective of the Manual 3 t SECTION 2 THE COASTLINE HAZARD POLICY 5 2.1 Policy Objectives 5 I 2.2 Policy Provisions 5 2.3 Policy Application b 2.4 The Merit Approach 6 1 2.5 Legal Responsibility and Indemnity 6 I SECTION 3 THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 7 3.1 Policy Implementation Objectives 7 3.2 An Outline of the Management System 7 1 3.3 Coastline Management Committee 7 3.4 Coastal Process and Hazard Studies 9 I 3.4.1 Process Studies 9 3.4.2 Hazard Definition Studies 9 I 3.5 Coastal Management Study 9 3.5.1 Management Study 9 I 3.5.2 Ownership Considerations and Extent of Study Area 10 3.5.3 Aesthetic and Ecological Factors ii 3.5.4 Recreational Amenity ii I 3.5.5 Dedication of Public Lands 11 3.5.6 Social Issues 12 I 3.5.7 Economic Issues 12 3.5.8 Climate Change: Planning Under Uncertainty 12 3.6 Coastline Management Plan 13 3.7 Implementation 14 I (iii) I TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 4 ADMINISTRATION 15 4.1 Local Councils 15 4.1 .1 General Responsibilities 15 Coastline Management Plan 15 Coastline Hazard Mitigation 15 Hazard Awareness 15 Beach Management 15 4.1 .2 Responsibilities Under the Environmental Planning and 15 Assessment Act General 15 Environmental Impact Assessment 16 Planning Instruments 16 Development Applications 16 Section 149 Certificates 16 4.2 State Government 16 4.2.1 The Public Works Department 16 4.2.2 Soil Conservation Service 17 4.2.3 The Department of Planning 17 4.2.4 The Department of Lands 17 4.2.5 The State Emergency Service 18 4.2.6 The National Parks and Wildlife Service 18 4.2.7 The Minister for Public Works 18 4.2.8 The Department of Minerals and Energy 18 4.2.9 The State Pollution Control Commission 19 4.2.10 The Coastal Committee of NSW 19 4.2.11 Universities 19 4.2.12 Other Government Authorities 19 4.3 Commonwealth Government 20 4.4 Land and Environment Court 20 4.5 Developers 20 4.6 The Community 20 4.7 Finance and Conditions for Government Grants 20 4.7.1 Finance 20 4.7.2 Conditions for Grants 21 4.7.3 Income Generation for Management Works 21 on Crown Land (iv) I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I SECTION 5 HAZARD MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 23 5.1 Coastline Hazards 23 I 5.2 Hazard Management Options 23 5.2.1 Environmental Planning 23 Buffer Zone 24 I Restrictive Zoning 24 Planned Retreat 25 I Voluntary Purchase 25 5.2.2 Development Control Conditions 25 I Building Setback 25 Building Types 25 I Dune Protection 26 Flood Mitigation 26 Foundation Design 26 I Emergency Access 26 Relocatable Buildings 26 I Planned Retreat 26 5.2.3 Dune Management 26 I Dune Management Planning 26 Community Involvement 26 11 Dune Reconstruction 27 Dune Revegetation 27 Dune Protection 27 11, Dune Maintenance 27 I 5.2.4 Protective Works 28 Seawalls 28 Training Walls 28 I Groynes 28 Beach Nourishment 29 I Offshore Breakwaters 29 Artificial Headlands 29 I Configuration Dredging 29 I I I (v) TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3 Selection of Management Options 29 5.3.1 Low Development 30 Environmental Planning 30 Development Control Conditions 31 Dune Management 32 Protective Works 32 5.3.2 High Development 33 Protective Works 34 Dune Management 36 Development Control Conditions 37 Environmental Planning 38 GLOSSARY 39 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 49 (vi) I TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) Page I APPENDIX A: NSW COASTLINE HAZARD POLICY APPENDIX B: COASTLINE PROCESSES Bi Interaction of Coastline Processes Bi I B2 Background Information B3 B3 Storms B7 B4 Elevated Water Levels Bi 1 I B5 Waves B17 B6 Currents B23 I B7 Waterborne Sediment Transport B25 B8 Dune Vegetation B31 B9 Windborne Sediment Transport B35 I Bi 0 Rainfall and Runoff B39 Bi 1 Coastal Entrances B41 I Bi 2 Climate Change B45 Bi 3 Human Activities B49 APPENDIX C: COASTLINE HAZARDS Cl Preamble Cl I C2 Beach Erosion Hazard C3 C3 Shorelihe Recession Hazard C7 C4 Coastal Entrance Hazard Cli I C5 Sand Drift Hazard C15 C6 Coastal Inundation Hazard C19 I C7 Slope and Cliff Instability Hazard C21 C8 Stormwater Erosion Hazard C27 C9 The Hazards of Climate Change C29 I Cl 0 Hazards, Processes and Coastline Types C33 I APPENDIX D: HAZARD MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Dl Preamble Dl D2 Planning in New South Wales D3 I D3 Environmental Planning Options D7 D4 Development Control Options Dli I D5 Dune Management Options Di 5 D6 Protective Works Options Di 9 I D7 The Management of Uncertainty D27 I I (vii) I i I I LI I I [1 E I I i I I I I I U I SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION r] 1.1 THE PROBLEM New South Wales can ill afford the social and financial disruption associated with placing this I The coastline of New South Wales is a major level of development at unnecessary risk. element in the geographic, recreational, commercial and ecological fabric of the State. It is an area of 1.2 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES unparalleled beauty, characterised by small pocket I beaches bounded by rocky headlands in the south, The coastline of New South Wales is used by and sweeping beaches of golden sand in the various groups in society for a variety of different north. Coastal areas are major destinations for purposes. Aesthetic, recreational and ecological I local, national and international tourists. More than attributes are important factors in coastal amenity 80% of the State's population lives and works and use, as is the growing role of the tourist along the eastern seaboard. industry in economic and employment issues. I While management of the coastal area is primarily The coastline is under constant attack from the the responsibility of local councils, a number of natural forces of wind and waves. In response to Government agencies are responsible for policies these processes, the coastline is ever changing: relating to the coast and its environs. H beaches and sand dunes erode and are rebuilt in response to wave action; sand dunes can migrate inland in response to wind attack; many sections of In 1973, concern with the development and use of the coastline are receding and moving inland at coastal lands led the New South Wales I significant rates.
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