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Hydrophyllaceae – Waterleaf Family

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Hydrophyllaceae – Waterleaf Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE – WATERLEAF FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs, rarely shrubs Stem: Root: Leaves: simple or pinnate, rarely palmate, alternate or opposite, sometimes in basal rosettes; no stipules Flowers: perfect, regular (actinomorphic); often arranged in coils at tip of stem or on one side of stem; mostly 5 (4-10) united sepals, often cleft to middle or almost to base; mostly 5 (4-10) united petals into several shapes (bell, funnel, flat, etc.) with lobes; 5 (4-10) stamens often protrude; ovary mostly superior, carpels 2, many ovules, style 1 or rarely 2, sometimes divided Fruit: capsule, may be oily Other: Dicotyledons Group Genera: 17 genera; locally Ellisia, Hydrolea, Hydrophyllum (waterleaf), Nemophila, Phacelia (phacelia) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Flower Morphology in the Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Examples of some common genera Ovate False Fiddleleaf Fuzzy Phacelia Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. Silky Phacelia [Scorpionweed] Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray Virginia [Eastern] Waterleaf [Shawnee Salad] Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Bluntleaf [Broad-Leaved] Waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense L. Miami Mist Phacelia purshii Buckley HYDROPHYLLACEAE – WATERLEAF FAMILY Ovate False Fiddleleaf; Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Oneflower False Fiddleleaf [Hydrolea]; Hydrolea uniflora Raf. Great [Appendaged] Waterleaf; Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. Bluntleaf [Broad-Leaved] Waterleaf; Hydrophyllum canadense L. Virginia [Eastern] Waterleaf [Shawnee Salad]; Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Fernleaf Phacelia; Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. Fuzzy Phacelia; Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. Miami Mist; Phacelia purshii Buckley Silky Phacelia [Scorpionweed]; Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray Ovate False Fiddleleaf USDA Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue, stamens long and protruding, sepals usually with dense long and spreading hairs, flowers mostly at top of plant; leaves alternate, ovate, with hairs on lower midrib; at least upper stem with fine hairs, often with spines in axils; ditches, swamps and other wet areas; summer [V Max Brown, 2011] Oneflower False Fiddleleaf USDA [Hydrolea] Hydrolea uniflora Raf. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue; stamens long and protruding, sepals glabrous to slightly hairy; leaves lanceolate, acute tip, mostly glabrous; stem mostly glabous, usually with spines in axils; ditches, swamps and other wet areas; summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Great [Appendaged] Waterleaf USDA Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Goll Woods, Fulton County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, light lavender to pale purple, stamens long and protruding, sepals densely hairy (hispid), some with reflexed appendages between sepals; leaves palmately lobed, about as wide as long, toothed; stem hairy; woods; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Bluntleaf [Broad-Leaved] Waterleaf USDA Hydrophyllum canadense L. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Goll Woods, Fulton County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, light lavender to pale purple or white, staments exerted, no reflexed appendages between sepals, flowers present below the leaves; leaves palmately lobed, very large (up to 20+ cm) and “maple-like”, about as wide as long (somewhat circular), coarsely toothed; stem mostly smooth to slightly hairy; woods; early to late summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Virginia [Eastern] Waterleaf USDA [Shawnee Salad] Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, white-lavender-pale purple, stamens very long and protruding; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 5-7 pinnately divided (lobed) – sharply toothed lobes, often mottled as if water stained; upper stem with mostly straight appressed hairs; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Fernleaf Phacelia USDA Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to dark blue, petals hairy outside, 8+ to many flowers, sepals with spreading glandular hairs, pedicels glandular hairy; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 3-7 pinnately divided, segments toothed, often blotched; stem densely hairy with mostly straight spreading hairs; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Fuzzy Phacelia USDA Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light blue with dark blue dots on white center, petals entire or barely fringed, outer corolla surface hairy, sepals with spreading hairs, pedicels hairy; leaves about as wide as long, deeply 5-7 pinnately divided (lobed) , segments somewhat blunt; upper stem with mostly straight hairs (somewhat appressed in this sample); late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Miami Mist USDA Phacelia purshii Buckley Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to very light blue, petals fringed, outer corolla surface glabrous, sepals with spreading hairs; stem leaves mostly sessile and clasping, petiolate near base, moderately 5-9+ pinnately lobed, hairy; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Silky Phacelia USDA [Scorpionweed] Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-lobed flower, blue to dark purple with protruding stamens, in small cymes on spike; leaves basal and alternate, 1-2 pinnate, often ascending on stem; stem densely short hairy; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2012].
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