The Ancient War's Impact on the Home Front
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The Ancient War’s Impact on the Home Front The Ancient War’s Impact on the Home Front Edited by Lucia Cecchet, Christopher Degelmann and Maik Patzelt The Ancient War’s Impact on the Home Front Edited by Lucia Cecchet, Christopher Degelmann and Maik Patzelt This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Lucia Cecchet, Christopher Degelmann, Maik Patzelt and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3776-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3776-7 TABLE OFCONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Studying the Home Front in Antiquity: Questions and Challenges Lucia Cecchet,egelmann Christopher and Maik D Patzelt Preparing War at the Home Front Chapter 1 ................................................................................................... 23 The Psychological Preparationoric for War: The Effects of the “Rhet of Visibility” on Military Training Anna Busetto Chapter 2 ................................................................................................... 45 Declamationvir of fortis War: and the The Quest for Old Values and New Answers Imperial in Roman Declamation Stephanie Kirsch Rituals for the Home Front Chapter 3 ................................................................................................... 79 Athens as a “Landscape ofSack ofTrauma”: Miletus Phrynichus’ and the Aftermath the Persian of Wars Giorgia Proietti Chapter 4 ................................................................................................... 99 A Small Part of You be brought Home in an Urn for Her to mourn: Commemorating in the the War Roman Dead Republic and the Early Empire Simon Lentzsch Chapter 5 ................................................................................................. 125 Coping Prayers on the Home Front: The Case of Collective Supplications at Rome Maik Patzelt vi Table of Contents Chapter 6 ................................................................................................. 147 “He Has Saved Us Without Wall, Andl”: Taught Us That He Is Our Wal Eastern Roman Cities Under Divine Protection Christian Schönburg Soldiers and Civilians at the Home Front: cultural and Socio-Political Implications Chapter 7 ................................................................................................. 173 “You Can Tell a Woman Off A By Long The Way Way She Throws”: Women and War in Ancient Greece Jorit Wintjes Chapter 8 ................................................................................................. 193 The Dark Side of War: War Woundedn and Dissenters in the Athenia Theatre ofth Century the Late 5 Lucia Cecchet Chapter 9 ................................................................................................. 217 The Demographic Impact of War onn the Home Front during the Reig of Philip V of Macedon Michael Kleu Chapter 10 ............................................................................................... 237 Reading Male Bodies: of a Veteran The Fate in Livy 2.23 Christopher Degelmann Chapter 11 ............................................................................................... 261 Athens, the eIonians “Netting” and ofth the Islands Emanuele Pulvirenti Contributors ............................................................................................. 285 General Index .......................................................................................... 289 Index of Sources ...................................................................................... 295 PREFACE This volume takes its inspirationuyter from the “Fourth Walter de Gr Seminar” of the Mommsen Gesellschaft,b and organised by Kurt Raaflau Christoph Lundgreen on the topice Home of “Ancient War’s Impact on th Front”, held in Wittenbergober 2014. Wein areOctthe grateful to organizers and to all the participantsussions held for in the stimulating disc Wittenberg. In particular, we would for like to thank Kurt Raaflaub introducing us to this interestingtopic ofand so far rather neglected research in the study of ancientpresentation war and for guiding us in the and discussion of our work. Thanksancient to his previous work on the home front—as well as to the impactns on theof his numerous contributio cultural aspects of ancient war—weit from had the opportunity to benef expert guidance in our first approachcial thanks to this topic. We owe spe also to the Mommsen Gesellschaft and to the Walter de Gruyter Foundation, who funded the event,r the and to Christoph Lundgreen fo excellent organization. The idea of pursuing future work in on the topic of the home front antiquity began to mature afterlating the editors attended this stimu workshop. However, this volume rsis not a publication of the pape delivered by workshop participants.ader Rather, it is part of a bro publication project to which manyed, new colleagues have contribut offering papers on topics andt historical have the periods that we did no chance to consider back in 2014.l We hope that this approach wil contribute to preserving andy strengtheningspirit that the interdisciplinar animated the seminar. Based on then belief that the home front—i antiquity as today—ist and central an importan featureand not of war, only a side aspect of it, we hopeion of to papers offer the reader a collect that might encourage further research in the future. Lucia Cecchet, Degelmann, Christopher Maik Patzelt INTRODUCTION STUDYINGH THEOME F RONT INANTIQUITY : QUESTIONSC ANDHALLENGES LUCIACECCHET , CHRISTOPHERDEGELMANN ANDM AIKPATZELT The Home Front in Antiquity The concept of the “home front”product is commonly considered to be a of modern warfare. The emergencey tied of to this the notion is intrinsicall attempt to mobilizeties wholeagainst socie external1 a enemies, background that has often grantedarge itin a significant emotional ch political discourse.historians However, ofhas war to opened the concept up an entirely new2 Thefield notion of research. of the home front overlaps both with the idea ofand a physical its space (i.e. the city countryside during wartime)ld, that and is with distinct from the battlefie that of a community of individualsolved in (i.e. the those not directly inv fighting). But the home front group. is not Itjust a physical place or a includes the entire-related variety experiences of thewar lived by community at home. These involveand the the sphere of human relations everyday experiences shared byciety the non-combatant at people of a so war. The notion of the home front alsooundaries extends beyond the temporal b within which a specific war or the battle time is fought. It encompasses before and after,includes inasmuch the as preparations itwar for undertaken by the community ofrs, civilians as well and prospective fighte 1 Kramer 2011, 16–18. 2 There is a vast number of studiesSee, on e.g., the American Winkler home front. 2012; Smith 2010; Giesberg 2009; De Quesada 2008. 2 Introduction as their reactions3 Indeed, in the historiographical aftermath. approaches to the modern home front tend to approach the topic from two complementary perspectives. Ontopics the one hand, scholars focus on relating to the “pragmatic” andnon- immediate impact of war on the combatant community, such4 embargos, as food sieges, shortages, the ubiquitous presence of orphans,5 burial widows, and the disabled, practices, motivational campaigns scenes and to stagy reports of fighting the civilians.6 On the other, they also study the impact of war on society in its aftermath, such as war-relatederans, traumas,the the position of vet construction of a collective memory of of war, and the development commemoration practices. It is important to stress thata history a history of of home fronts is not passive observers or silent audiences.food or Declaring the supply of clothes to the troops to be notct of only war an itself act of support but an a is a fundamental step in overcomingront and the dichotomy between war f home front, and thus in contributinged to the formation of a unit combatant identity. Several homestudies front have shown that life on the makes a clear contribution toelf” the asgeneration well of a “collective s as to the shaping 7of Moreover, common values. the distinction between home front and war front becomesat lessthe sharp if one considers th soldiers who escape death becomelians. part The of the home front as civi war front and the home front areparate not, then, two parallel yet se realities but,s” rather, and sides two of “stagemenon: the same war. pheno Unsurprisingly, the home frontl place as such in does not have any specia the war narratives of ancient historians historians, although the works of such as Thucydidesrich and in Livyinformation arecivilians concerning and their experiences. of war have Historians generallytention paidto at extrapolating such pieces of information.. K. The seminal work of W Pritchett contains importantcts