Map 1. European Greece and Western Asia Minor

Home , Cilicia (satrapy), Edessa, Panormus (Caria), Zeugma (Commagene)

Map 1.European Greeceand Western Asia Minor DARDANIA BLACK SEA Lissus THRACE Bosporus Epidamnus MACEDONIA Maronea SEA OF Aenus MARMARA Pella Amphipolis Abdera Lysimacheia Cius ORESTIS Thessalonica Apollonia Chersonnese Pydna Lampsacus Oricum Abydus P PERRHAEBIA LEMNOS in Tempe Ilium d Hellespont u s Phoenice M N E Phaloria Larissa Alexandria Troas P ts Atrax I . R CORCYRA U Cynoscephalae S THESSALY Pharsalus Demetrias Ambracia AEGEAN Pergamum DOLOPIA SEA LESBOS Lamia Oreus A A Magnesia-ad-Sipylum C E EU A TO Thermopylae Nicaea BO R L CIS E N IA O A PH Smyrna A LOC Delphi Chalcis N Naupactus RIS Thebes Eretria CHIOS I Te o s A Thespiae ADRIATIC Oropus SEA Leuctra Plataea Marathon Myonnesus Ephesus Aegium Eleusis Carystus Sicyon Athens SAMOS Magnesia Elis Corinth Megara ACHAEA CARIA Argos Miletus Cleitor Lade Stratonicaea Megalopolis Delos Bargylia

Messene Sellasia Caunus Sparta Pylos

0 30 60 mi Rhodes 0 50 100 km Map 2. The HellenisticKingdoms

IA AN RD GAULS OF DA A E I AEON TYLIS Byzantium P E BLACK SEA P I A O N C

I D A Chalcedon E Amphipolis R R H R. Sangarius C Pella T Sinope U (Se Tios A Abdera leucid) P S CASPIAN M O Lysimacheia Cius Heraclea l N SEA e PA n Ambracia Cyzicus PHLAGONIA n BIT A T a Delphi HYNI a h Demetrias S aly U C . H Trapezus i R S bo Pergamum G A Uz Athens Sardes L A T I A E ARMENIA IA Apamea IA Sparta LYD P H C RY G I A ADO (to Egypt) Miletus CAPP tes L. Van L R. Euphra ATROPATENE k CARIA Tarsus COMMAGENE .Atre Caunus P I (Aderbaijan) R (to Egypt) S I D I A E CYRRHESTICE Edessa HYRCANIA LYCIA CIA Zeugma M Samos ILI E Nisibis (to Egypt) C S R Rhodes . U O T CRETE Antioch P ig O ris SELEUCID T M Ecbatana R. Eu C PARTHIA ph A CYPRUS Aradus ra M E Cyrene te (to Egypt) SYRIA s I I D Doura A I MEDITERRANEAN SEA D A Tyre COELE Damascus SYRIA Panion B (Salt Desert) A Seleuceia S Diz E B U R. E Y S G PALESTINE L I Y Alexandria Babylon O A Gaza N Susa N P Raphia R IA A T I I A N P CHALDA P E M E R. Pasiligris Memphis E Petra R Persepolis S I S A N I R N . A N i ARABIA M le P R E R A S C R. Amanis R IA E N (Minab) 0 100 200 300 mi D G U S L Thebes E F 0100 200 300 400 500 km A R .T ic N in u HISTRIA s CISALPINE Cremona Clastidium Placentia ia GAUL b re I A .T A R R A U G P D L I E Ariminum R .Arno N s I Pisae R etauru R. M A I L L Y N T R Arretium I A UMBRIA I PHAROS Lake Trasimene T I i

b C

e ISSA

Clusium r Camarinum R N

E Volsinii . S T Telamon R Sutrium E U E R A I Falerii Aleria Cosa A Tarquinii S CORSICA Fidenae Caere S Tusculum A Rome M Ardea Antium N Salapia R. Aufidus C A I U Lautulae Te a n u m M M P A Capua N Cannae I A P A U L I Caudium Nola Venusia A Nuceria Brundisium Heraclea Naples Metapontum Tarentum LUCANIA Velia SARDINIA

B Sybaris (Thurii) R

I U Croton

M LIPARI ISLANDS Hipponium Mylae Cape Caulonia Drepana Eryx Panormus Tyndaris Locri AEGATES Solus Rhegium ISLANDS Motya Himera Lilybaeum Messena Selinius Agrigentum Gela Syracuse Carthage Camarina

0 30 60 mi

0 50 100 km

Map 3. Italy and Sicily Map 4.“The Western Mediterranean”

S P L C ISAL e PINE n R. ô A Po h

R N . S GAUL R IAN UR LIG P Y R E Pisae N E Massilia E S S C R E . E T R. Douro E b E Rhode LT ro G IB ER E IL Emporiae R CORSICA IA Rome N S I Tarraco N A Ibera T E D E Saguntum SARDINIA BALEARIC ISLANDS Baecula Hemeroscopion IBIZA Ilipa R. Baetis Italica Alicante

Tartessus New Carthage Gades Hippo Utica Regius Carthage Cirta Naraggara as ad NUMIDIA gr Zama Ba R. 0 100 200 300 mi IA R PO 0100 200 300 400 500 km EM