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Aquaculture Criteria Version 3 1 Seafood Watch® Standard for Aquaculture Please include your contact details below All documents submitted during the public consultation process will be posted on our website. Documents will posted exactly we receive them except that this front page will be removed. The organization/author field below will be displayed as the ‘author’ of the online posted document. If you wish for your document to remain anonymous, please indicate in the check box below. If ‘Anonymous’ is selected, the ‘author’ of this document when posted on our website will then simply read ‘Anonymous.’ Organization/Author Name of point person Email Click if you would you like to remain anonymous ☐ Aquaculture Standard Version A3.2 (Oct. 2016-Present) Public Comment Period 2 2 Seafood Watch® Standard for Aquaculture Public Comment Period – 2 Introduction The Monterey Bay Aquarium is requesting feedback on the Seafood Watch Aquaculture Standard during our current revision process. Before beginning this review, please familiarize yourself with all the documents available on our Standard review website. The goal of the public comment period is to gather feedback on revision proposals and options meant to improve the current version of the Seafood Watch Standard. Providing feedback, comments and suggestion This document contains the current version of the Seafood Watch Aquaculture Standard. Proposed revisions are tracked trhoughout, and a number of “Guidance for public comment” boxes highlight the significant changes by criterion. These are the primary areas we are seeking public comment on during this final public consulation during the current revision cycle. That said, Seafood Watch welcomes feedback, and particularly suggestions for improvement, on any aspect of the criteria from specific calculations to the structure of individual criteria. Seafood Watch also welcomes feedback on the broader approach taken with respect to the principles, definitions, and assessment of sustainable aquaculture. Please feel free to comment on any section of relevance to your expertise, and in general: • Please provide solutions or suggestions for improvement wherever possible. • Please support your feedback with references wherever possible. • Please suggest additional experts to contact wherever possible. Before beginning this review, please familiarize yourself the documents available on our standard review website, and with the Seafood Watch ratings and guiding principles for farm-raised seafood below. Seafood Watch Ratings and Guiding Principles Assessments to the Seafood Watch Aquaculture Standard result in a Seafood Watch rating of Best Choice (green), Good Alternative (yellow), or Avoid (red). The assessment criteria are used Aquaculture Standard Version A3.2 (Oct. 2016-Present) Public Comment Period 2 3 to determine a final numerical score and color rating for each criterion. These scores are calculated to acieve a final Seafood Watch color rating according to the methodology described in the table below. The table also describes how Seafood Watch defines1 each of these categories. The narrative descriptions of each Seafood Watch color rating category, and the guiding principles listed after the table of contents in this document, compose the framework the criteria are based on, and should be considered when providing feedback on any aspect of the criteria. 1 The first seven criteria are scored from 0 to 10 as described in the document below. Criteria scoring <3.3 are considered “red” criteria for Criteria 1-7. The remaining three criteria (8X, 9X, 10X) are scored deductively from 0 to -10. For those scored deductively, score of >6.6 indicates a “red” criterion. Aquaculture Standard Version A3.2 (Oct. 2016-Present) Public Comment Period 2 4 Seafood Watch® Standard for Aquaculture Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2 Providing feedback, comments and suggestion .................................................................... 2 Seafood Watch Ratings and Guiding Principles .................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 Seafood Watch Guiding Principles for Aquaculture .................................................................. 6 Seafood Watch Criteria and Scoring Methodology for Aquaculture .......................................... 7 Criterion 1 - Data ................................................................................................................. 8 Criterion 2 - Effluent ........................................................................................................... 12 Effluent: Evidence-Based Assessment (based on good data availability and quality) ........... 19 Effluent: Risk-Based Assessment (based on poor data availability or quality) ...................... 20 Effluent: Factor 2.1 – Waste discharged per ton of fish ......................................................... 21 Effluent: Factor 2.2 – Management of farm-level and cumulative impacts ........................... 23 Criterion 3 – Habitat .......................................................................................................... 26 Habitat: Factor 3.1 – Habitat conversion and function .......................................................... 31 Habitat: Factor 3.2 – Farm siting regulation and management ............................................. 33 Criterion 4 – Chemical use .................................................................................................. 35 Criterion 5 - Feed ............................................................................................................... 43 Feed: Factor 5.1 – Wild fish use .............................................................................................. 48 Feed: Factor 5.2 – Net protein gain or loss ............................................................................. 53 Feed: Factor 5.3 – Feed footprint ........................................................................................... 55 Criterion 6 – Escapes .......................................................................................................... 59 Escapes: Factor 6.1 – Escape Risk Score ................................................................................. 63 Escapes: Factor 6.2 Competitive and genetic interactions ..................................................... 66 Criterion 7 – Disease, pathogen and parasite interaction ................................................... 69 Disease: Evidence-Based Assessment .................................................................................... 71 Disease: Risk-Based Assessment ............................................................................................ 72 Criterion 8X – Source of stock – Independence from wild fish stocks ................................... 73 Criterion 9X – Wildlife mortalities ...................................................................................... 76 Wildlife Mortalities: Evidence-Based Assessment .................................................................. 79 Wildlife Mortalities: Risk-Based Assessment .......................................................................... 80 Criterion 10X – Introduction of secondary species .............................................................. 82 Overall score and final recommendation ............................................................................ 86 References ......................................................................................................................... 88 Appendix 1 – Habitat examples.......................................................................................... 94 Appendix 2 – Additional guidance for the Habitat Criterion ............................................... 95 Appendix 3 – Additional guidance for the Feed Criterion .................................................... 96 Aquaculture Standard Version A3.2 (Oct. 2016-Present) Public Comment Period 2 5 Introduction The Monterey Bay Aquarium is committed to inspiring conservation of the oceans. To this end, Seafood Watch®, a program of the Monterey Bay Aquarium, researches and evaluates the environmental impact of aquaculture products and shares these seafood recommendations with the public and other interested parties in several forms, including regionally specific Seafood Watch pocket guides, smartphone apps and online at www.seafoodwatch.org. This document houses the Seafood Watch Standard for Aquaculture as approved on September 30, 2015 by the Seafood Watch Multi-Stakeholder Group. The Standard allows assessment of the relative sustainability of aquaculture operations according to the conservation ethic of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. It includes background and rationale text explaining how the assumptions and Seafood Watch values are reflected within the calculations and scoring options. Wild seafood sources are evaluated with a different standard. Both the Standard for Aquaculture and the Standard for Fisheries, in addition to our assessment process, assessments and recommendations, are available at www.seafoodwatch.org. This Standard will be used for all aquaculture assessments beginning January 1 2016, and consists of: 1. Defined guiding principles 2. Science-based performance criteria that are regularly revised based on the input
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