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Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=19000 Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability ISBN Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research; 978-0-309-31644-6 Science and Technology for Sustainability Program; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources; Division on Earth and 360 pages Life Sciences; National Research Council 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2015) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research Science and Technology for Sustainability Program Policy and Global Affairs Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by a grant from the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation under award number OPP1097068, Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, National Pork Board, Tyson Foods, Inc., the U.S. Department of Agriculture under award number 59-0208-2-169, and the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-31644-6 International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-31644-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015935247 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2015 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research Bernard D. Goldstein (Chair) (IOM), Professor Emeritus, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Louis D’Abramo, William L. Giles Distinguished Professor of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University Gary F. Hartnell, Senior Fellow, Chemistry Technology, Monsanto Company Joy Mench, Professor of Animal Science and Director of the Center for Animal Welfare, University of California, Davis Sara Place, Assistant Professor of Sustainable Beef Cattle Systems, Oklahoma State University Mo Salman, Professor of Veterinary Epidemiology, Colorado State University, and Jefferson Science Fellow, U.S. Department of State Dennis H. Treacy, Executive Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer, Smithfield Foods, Inc. B. L. Turner II (NAS), Gilbert F. White Professor of Environment and Society, Arizona State University Gary W. Williams, Professor of Agricultural Economics and Co- Director, Agribusiness, Food, and Consumer Economics Research Center, Texas A&M University Felicia Wu, John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University Science and Technology for Sustainability Program Staff Richard Bissell, Executive Director, Policy and Global Affairs Division Jerry L. Miller, Director Jennifer Saunders, Senior Program Officer Dominic Brose, Program Officer Emi Kameyama, Program Associate Brent Heard, Sustainability Fellow Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Staff Robin Schoen, Director Kara Laney, Program Officer v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability Preface By 2050 the world’s population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 billion and 10 billion people. With trade globalization, increased urbanization, and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption also is anticipated. Sustainably meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant research and development (R&D) investment so that the productivity of today can be sufficiently enhanced to meet the much heightened demands of the year 2050. The challenges to be met go beyond research into enhanced animal agricultural productivity. Research will be required into how to anticipate and meet significant changes in the global environment impacting on animal agriculture, how to improve equitable distribution of animal agricultural products today and in the future, and how best to improve engagement and respectful bidirectional communication between those engaged in animal agriculture and the public. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be critical to addressing this global challenge to food security. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in 2010, the food animal sector contributed 40 percent of the global value of agricultural output and supported the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people. This sector, one of the fastest growing areas for agricultural development, is driven by income growth
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