The Five Pillars

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Five Pillars Preface Transliteration of the Arabic Sounds Table of Contents Chapter1 - Islam and Muslims The Declaration of Faith Islamic Beliefs The Holy Qur’an Traditions of the Prophet The Tradition of Gabriel Muslims in the World Chapter 2 - The Islamic Prayers The Ritualistic Cleansing The Call to Prayer The First Two Basic Prayer Units (Rak^as) Prayer Recitation Requirements The Obligatory Daily Prayers The Optional Daily Prayers The Friday Prayer (Jumu^a) and the Feast (^Eid) Prayers Other Optional Islamic Prayers Perpetual Daily Prayer Calendar Final Words Chapter 3 - Fasting in Islam Fasting in General The Islamic Fasting The Month of Ramadan Optional Fasting Benefits of Fasting Chapter 4 - The Islamic Lunar Calendar The Islamic Holidays Summary of the Islamic Holidays Chapter 5 - The Charity Tax in Islam What is Zakat? The Zakat Rates Who Benefits from Zakat? Other Charity Taxes 1 Moral Standing Chapter 6 - The Islamic Law The Sunni Schools of Law Basics of the Islamic Law (Sharia) The Shia School of Thought How About Now? Chapter 7 - The Lawful and the Forbidden What is Lawful? What is Forbidden? Islamic Etiquette Chapter 8 - Excerpts from the Quran A Few Short Suras A Few Supplications Chapter 9- Frequently Asked Questions If events in my life are set in advance, why should I make any effort? My “non-Muslim” mother just died. Can I pray for her? Would only Muslims go to heaven? Why do Muslim women wear a veil? Isn’t that unfair to them? Why should this misery happen to me? Does Allah love me? Do Muslims believe in Jesus? What is the status of Mary in Islam? What is the position of Islam on Terrorism? List of References/Reading Material List of Mosques and Islamic Centers in The Greater Washington DC Area The District of Columbia Maryland Virginia List of Islamic Words and Expressions 2 .
Recommended publications
  • Muhammad Speaking of the Messiah: Jesus in the Hadīth Tradition
    MUHAMMAD SPEAKING OF THE MESSIAH: JESUS IN THE HADĪTH TRADITION A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Fatih Harpci (May 2013) Examining Committee Members: Prof. Khalid Y. Blankinship, Advisory Chair, Department of Religion Prof. Vasiliki Limberis, Department of Religion Prof. Terry Rey, Department of Religion Prof. Zameer Hasan, External Member, TU Department of Physics © Copyright 2013 by Fatih Harpci All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT Much has been written about Qur’ānic references to Jesus (‘Īsā in Arabic), yet no work has been done on the structure or formal analysis of the numerous references to ‘Īsā in the Hadīth, that is, the collection of writings that report the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. In effect, non-Muslims and Muslim scholars neglect the full range of Prophet Muhammad’s statements about Jesus that are in the Hadīth. The dissertation’s main thesis is that an examination of the Hadīths’ reports of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward ‘Īsā will lead to fuller understandings about Jesus-‘Īsā among Muslims and propose to non-Muslims new insights into Christian tradition about Jesus. In the latter process, non-Muslims will be encouraged to re-examine past hostile views concerning Muhammad and his words about Jesus. A minor thesis is that Western readers in particular, whether or not they are Christians, will be aided to understand Islamic beliefs about ‘Īsā, prophethood, and eschatology more fully. In the course of the dissertation, Hadīth studies will be enhanced by a full presentation of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward Jesus-‘Īsā.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary in Early Christianity and Islam
    Religious Inquiries Volume 6, Number 11, June 2017, pp. 37-49 Mary in Early Christianity and Islam Morteza Rezazadeh 1 Received: 09-01-2017 / Accepted: 29-06-2017 This article explores the life and importance of Mary in Islam and Christianity, aiming at clarifying the criteria for which Mary has been revered in each tradition. It will be shown that Mary in Christianity is almost merely important because she was the mother of Jesus, while the Muslim reverence for her is based on her own noble characteristics. From the Muslim perspective, even if Mary had not been Jesus’ mother, she would have been a prominent figure and a great example for believers. Keywords: Mary, Jesus, Christian-Muslim dialogue. Introduction As a highly respected figure in both Islamic and Christian traditions, Mary can be a source for reconciliation and can open doors for a more accurate knowledge about her as the mother of Jesus Christ, as well as understanding the position of women in the two traditions. Given the high respect for her in both Islam and Christianity, she 1. PhD Candidate in Comparative Religions and Mysticism, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran ([email protected]). 40 / Religious Inquiries can also be a good ground for interfaith dialogue, as well as an important way to fix the place of women in both traditions. The important role of Mary is unknown to many. This paper is a humble effort to investigate the life and importance of Mary in the light of early Christian and Muslim sources. The aim is to clarify the criteria for which Mary has been revered in Islamic and Christian early sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Samecniero Azri 2013 N2.Pdf
    samecniero azri Scientific Judgement II 2013 1392 The materials and reviewed articles of the Georgian-Iranian joint symposium, held in the format of ‘the Dialogue of Civilizations’, are published in the journal ‘Scientific Judgement'. نشريه علم و انديشه حاوی مقاﻻت کنفرانس" گفتگوی اديان اسﻻم ومسيحيت ارتدوکس " است که در چارچوب ھمکاری ھای علمی ايرانی – گرجی برگزار شده است،می باشد. Jurnal `samecniero azrSi" ibeWdeba `civilizaciaTa dialogis" formatiT Catarebuli qarTul-iranuli erToblivi simpozi- umebis masalebi da samecniero xasiaTis recenzirebuli statiebi. redaqciis misamarTi: Tbilisi, foniWala, rusTavis gzatkecili, 65, almustafas warmomadgnelobis samecniero ganyofileba. iranis islamuri respublika, yumi-moalimis quCa; tel: 593346113, 599452817; 577717811 faqsi: +995-32-88321616; 88321414 el-fosta: [email protected]; [email protected] نشانی:تفليس،پونی چاﻻ،شماره 65،دفتر نمايندگی جامعه المصطفی،واحد پژوھش تلفن:599452817-593346113 دورنگار:00992188321414-88321414 جمھوری اسﻻمی ايران-قم-خيابان معلم-ص پ 439-تلفن 00982517177222-00982517172415 email: [email protected] [email protected] © qarTuli universiteti, al-mustafas saerTaSoriso universiteti gamomcemloba `universali~, 2013 Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E–mail: [email protected] ISSN – 2233 3339 2 "samecniero azris" saredaqcio kolegia: barTaia nomadi (Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori), bragvaZe zurab (kavkasiis universitetis profesori), gurgeniZe vaJa (kavkasiis universitetis
    [Show full text]
  • The Islamic Way of Life
    THE ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE To all those who find comfort in Islam Preface This booklet grew out of years of volunteer work by this author in a local prison helping with the Islamic program. It is meant for new Muslims who are yearning to be introduced to their faith without too much scholarly endeavors. It does not intend to be precise nor complete and thorough. Instead, it tries to be light-hearted and inspiring and presents a middle-of-the-road moderate view of Islam that empowers and helps many during difficult times in their lives. Muslims are demanding on themselves and lenient with others. They do not settle for mediocrity. They generate their own inspiration and have reserves to reach deep down into when needed. It is heartwarming to see brothers and sisters change for the better and grow in their lives and in their faith, yearning for self-control and empowerment. Their first steps are wobbly, their pronunciation of the Arabic words are less than perfect, but they just keep on going like deep sea diving. The deeper they reach, the more precious the results are. It’s amazing! The program described here is based on the Qur’an and the tradition of Prophet Muhammad, the Sunna. It is strongly based on the positives that help personal growth. The goal is to shed what we do not like in ourselves and strive to acquire good habits and moral qualities: shedding anger and gaining patience, shedding arrogance and gaining humility, shedding carelessness and gaining compassion for others is a lofty goal; may be ambitious, but worthwhile.
    [Show full text]
  • Annunciations to Maryam in the Qur'ān
    ANNUNCIATIONS TO MARYAM IN THE QUR’ĀN: JEWISH-CHRISTIAN SUBTEXTS, MILIEU, AND TYPOLOGY By Kendra Fiddler Presented to the faculty of Dallas International University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with major in Abrahamic Studies, Islamic Studies Concentration Dallas International University April 27, 2021 © 2021 Kendra Fiddler All rights reserved. ABSTRACT The Annunciations to Maryam in the Qur’ān: Jewish-Christian Subtexts, Milieu, and Typology Kendra Fiddler Master of Arts with major in Abrahamic Studies, Dallas International University, April 2021 Supervising Professor: Mark Harlan The annunciation narratives to Maryam in the Qur’ān about the birth of ‘Isā show profound familiarity with the Jewish and Christian texts, traditions, and debates of Late Antiquity. This paper analyzes the literary artistry, intertextualities, subtexts, and typologies of Q3 (al-‘Imran) and Q19 (Maryam). Jewish-Christian and intra-Christian conflict over Mary’s virtue and status, as well as Jesus’ birth, shed light on several qur’ānic passages about the two. For Judaism and Christianity leading up to the seventh century, Mariology depends on Christology; the Qur’ān’s treatment is likely the same. In light of the Qur’ān’s awareness of Jewish-Christian Christological and Mariological conflicts, traditional Islamic understandings of the nature and work of ‘Isā are challenged: Q5:116 may be refuting a Christian tritheism in popular piety that was not official doctrine; Q5:75 and ‘Isā’s birth narratives may be anti-Docetist; Q4:157 may repudiate Talmudic claims about why and how Jesus died, not that he died. DEDICATION To Mia and Maaike, my fellow poet-souls and sisters, whose gentleness and fierceness strengthen me and who know I would have much preferred to write this whole thing in poetry: Mo sheasamh ort, lá na choise tinne.* *This Irish phrase is an expression of trust, translating as, “You are my standing on the day when my feet are sore.” From Pádraig Ó Tuama, Readings from the Book of Exile.
    [Show full text]
  • Duke University 2010-2011 Divinity School the Mission of Duke University
    bulletin of Duke University 2010-2011 Divinity School The Mission of Duke University James B. Duke’s founding Indenture of Duke University directed the members of the University to “provide real leadership in the educational world” by choosing individuals of “outstanding character, ability and vision” to serve as its officers, trustees and faculty; by carefully selecting students of “character, determi- nation and application;” and by pursuing those areas of teaching and scholarship that would “most help to develop our resources, increase our wisdom, and promote human happiness.” To these ends, the mission of Duke University is to provide a superior liberal education to undergraduate students, attending not only to their intellectual growth but also to their development as adults committed to high ethical standards and full participation as leaders in their communities; to prepare future members of the learned professions for lives of skilled and ethical service by providing excellent graduate and professional education; to advance the frontiers of knowledge and contribute boldly to the international community of scholarship; to promote an intellectual environment built on a commitment to free and open inquiry; to help those who suffer, cure disease and promote health, through sophisticated medical research and thoughtful patient care; to provide wide ranging educational opportunities, on and beyond our campuses, for traditional students, active professionals and life-long learners using the power of information technologies; and to promote a deep appreciation for the range of human difference and potential, a sense of the obligations and rewards of citizenship, and a commitment to learning, freedom and truth. By pursuing these objectives with vision and integrity, Duke University seeks to engage the mind, elevate the spirit, and stimulate the best effort of all who are associated with the University; to contribute in diverse ways to the local community, the state, the nation and the world; and to attain and maintain a place of real leadership in all that we do.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Academic Perspectives
    Journal of Academic Perspectives Islamo – Christian Christologies, Sufic Pantheistic Monism and The Birth Of New Religious Movements In Nigeria Mujahid Hamza Shitu, Department of Islamic Studies, Umaru Musa Yar ’ adua University, Katsina, Nigeria ABSTRACT Islam and Christianity tend to have conflicting perceptions about the person of Christ despite his recognition in both traditions. In Christianity, Jesus is part of a Triune God and the son of God the father. Islam rejects the sonship and deification of Christ and sees it not just as anthropomorphism, but as a desecration of God and blasphemy. Many Sufis in their states of ecstasy made the pronouncement, which could be perceived as confirmation of Christian beliefs. These pronouncements are rooted in the Sufic theory of al-Fanā (annihilation) in which a Sufi ends in a state of union with God, he seizes to exist, while existence belongs to Allah alone. This explains Jesus’ annihilation into the ultimate reality and forming part of it. The resuscitation of Tarbiya in the reformed Tijaniyya Order in Nigeria has led to the spread of ideas of monism and pantheism among the followers of the sect. Also, due to interaction with Christians and familiarity with Christianity, some new religious movements with a synthesis of Islamic and Christian Christology emanated. This paper looks into the christologies of the Imaniyya movement and the ‘Īsā Ẓāhiran groups. INTRODUCTION The theological discussion about the nature and person of Christ has been characterized by many controversies throughout the history of Islam. Christian polemicists had used the Qur’anic description of Christ as “word of God” to argue for his deification and the incarnation of God.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary in Islam مﺮ�ﻢ ﻓ اﻹﺳﻼم [ إ�ﻠ�ي - English ]
    Mary in Islam مﺮ�ﻢ ﻓ اﻹﺳﻼم [ إ�ﻠ�ي - English ] www.islamreligion.com website مﻮﻗﻊ دﻳﻦ اﻹﺳﻼم 2013 - 1434 Mary, the Mother of Jesus, holds a very special position in Islam, and God proclaims her to be the best woman amongst all humanity, whom He chose above all other women due to her piety and devotion. “And (mention) when the angels said, ‘O Mary! Indeed God has chosen you, and purified you, and has chosen you above all other women of the worlds. O Mary! Be devoutly obedient to your Lord and prostrate and bow with those bow (in prayer).’” (Quran 3:42-43) She was also made by God an example to follow, as He said: “And (God sets forth the example for those who Believe) of Mary, the daughter of Heli, who guarded her chastity, so We blew into it through Our Angel (i.e., Gabriel), and she believed in the words of her Lord and His Scriptures and was of the devoutly obedient.” (Quran 66:12) Indeed she was a woman who was fit to bring such a miracle as that of Jesus, who was born without father. She was known for her piety and chastity, and if it were any different, then none would have believed her claim to have given birth while remaining in a state of virginity, a belief and fact to which Islam holds true. Her 2 special nature was one which many miracles proved of from her early childhood. Let us recount what God revealed in regards to the beautiful story of Mary.
    [Show full text]
  • Views Fall Short of a Thorough Biblical Realism
    Cover The Mission of Duke University James B. Duke’s founding indenture of Duke University directed the members of the university to “provide real leadership in the educational world” by choosing individuals of “outstanding character, ability and vision” to serve as its officers, trustees and faculty; by carefully selecting students of “character, determination and application;” and by pursuing those areas of teaching and scholarship that would “most help to develop our resources, increase our wis- dom, and promote human happiness.” To these ends, the mission of Duke University is to provide a superior liberal education to undergraduate stu- dents, attending not only to their intellectual growth but also to their development as adults committed to high eth- ical standards and full participation as leaders in their communities; to prepare future members of the learned professions for lives of skilled and ethical service by providing excellent graduate and professional education; to advance the frontiers of knowledge and contribute boldly to the international community of scholarship; to promote an intellectual environment built on a commitment to free and open inquiry; to help those who suffer, cure disease and promote health, through sophisticated medical research and thoughtful patient care; to provide wide-ranging educational opportunities, on and beyond our campuses, for traditional students, active professionals and life-long learners using the power of information technologies; and to promote a deep appreciation for the range of human dif- ference and potential, a sense of the obligations and rewards of citizenship, and a commitment to learning, freedom and truth. By pursuing these objectives with vision and integrity, Duke University seeks to engage the mind, elevate the spirit, and stimulate the best effort of all who are associated with the university; to contribute in diverse ways to the local community, the state, the nation and the world; and to attain and maintain a place of real leadership in all that we do.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sources for the Marian References in the Qur'an
    Marian Studies Volume 47 Marian Spirituality and the Interreligious Article 9 Dialogue 1996 The ourS ces for the Marian References in the Qur'an Dominic F. Ashkar Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_studies Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Ashkar, Dominic F. (1996) "The ourS ces for the Marian References in the Qur'an," Marian Studies: Vol. 47, Article 9. Available at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_studies/vol47/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Marian Library Publications at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Studies by an authorized editor of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Ashkar: Marian References in the Qur'an THE SOURCES FOR THE MARIAN REFERENCES IN THE QUR'AN Dominic E Ashkar, Ph.D.* "E pluribus unum" (one out of many) is the motto of the United States. Speaking of the one Mary, we could reverse the motto and say"Many out of one";for, in the past 2,000 years, as the title of George Tavard's recent book indicates, t we have given Mary thousands of faces. My goal is to present some of the images of Mary found in the Qur'an and to suggest what were the sources for these texts of the Qur'an.2 First, we must keep in mind how the Muslims view the Qur'an. For Muslims, the Qur'an has a mysterious origin. It is the Word of God that brings deliverance to those who believe in it, and it enlightens the soul.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mary Peace Be Uopn Her in Christianity and Islam) Munirah
    The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Istanbul, Turkey (Mary Peace be Uopn her in Christianity and Islam) Munirah. M.AL mutlaq Professor KINGDOM OF SAUDIA ARABIA Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University The West East Institute 35 The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Istanbul, Turkey Abstract: I have chosen two sects of Christians to investigate the subject of the Virgin Mary (peace be upon her). These two sects are the Catholics and the Protestants. I- Catholics' belief in Mary may be summarized as follows: Some Christians believe she was the paramour of God. 1. Most of them believe that. Mary (peace be upon her) is the Mother of a God. 2. Some believe that Jesus and his mother are two gods like God the Almighty, and so some people worship 3. them and do some prayers and litanies. They make three-dimensional and pictured icons 4. Some of them believe that she has had miracles and thus do prayers for her. 5. The Roman Catholic Church celebrates the clearance of the Virgin Mary (peace be upon her) on February 2. 6. They believe that the Virgin Mary did not inherit the results of sin and do not need for the salvation of Jesus 7. Christ. II- Protestants' belief in Mary may be summarized as follows: They deny the title of "Mother of God". 1. They deny the intercession of Mary. 2. deny rites, ceremonies, devostions and feasts performed for her, and consider them breaches of the 3. foundations of religion. They deny the permanency of her virginity. 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamicbookstore.Com the Internet’S Largest Islamic Store Table of Contents
    IslamicBookstore.com The Internet’s Largest Islamic Store Table of Contents The Holy Qur’an in Arabic 5 English Translations of the Qur’an 7 Qur’an Translations in Other Languages 11 Urdu Qur’an Translations and Tafseer 12 Commentaries, Tafsir of the Qur’an 13 Introductions to the Qur’an, Its Style, Themes, and Its Scientific Proofs 15 Qur’anic Language, Vocabulary, and Indexes 20 Arabic Language and Grammar 22 Dictionaries of the Arabic Language 27 Hadith Collections, Selections, and Sciences of Hadith 28 Sirah, the Life of the Prophet Muhammad 32 Biographies of the Prophets and the Companions 35 Aqeedah: Islamic Belief 38 The Unseen World and Dream Interpretations 44 The Last Day: Nature and Signs 45 Death and the Afterlife, Paradise and Hell 46 Funeral Rites, Islamic Wills and Inheritance 48 Islamic Studies, Courses for Adults 48 Fatwa Compilations 50 Salat - Daily Prayer and Purification 51 Ramadan, Fasting 53 Hajj, the Pilgrimage 54 Zakat, Charity in Islam 55 The Friday Prayer, the Mosque and Eid 55 Supplications, Dhikr, and Dua’a 56 Women Issues: Hijab, Dress, Medical etc. 58 Marriage, Courtship, Intimacy etc. 60 Parenting and Family Life in Islam 63 Muslim Baby Names 64 Nutrition and Cookbooks 65 Health and Medicine in Islam 65 Women Studies and Modernity 66 Morality, Manners, Etiquette, Sins, Repentance 67 Dawah, Knowledge and Education 73 Spiritual Development 75 Philosophy and Insights into the Divine 78 Books by Harun Yahya 79 Works of Imam al-Ghazali 82 Tasawwuf - Sufism 85 Islamic Culture and Arts and Science 93 Biographies
    [Show full text]