1 Unit 4 Vedas
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Art. IX.—On the Interpretation of the Veda
303 ART. IX.—On, the Interpretation of the Veda. BY J. MUIR, Esq. I AM led to make some remarks on the subject of this paper by a passage in Mr. Cowell'3 preface to the fourth volume of the late Professor Wilson's translation of the Big- veda, which appears to me unduly to depreciate the services which have already been rendered by those eminent scholars both in Germany and in England who have begun to apply the scientific processes of modern philology to the explanation of this ancient hymn-collection. Mr. Cowell admits (p. vi.),— " As Vaidik studies progress, and more texts are published and studied, fresh light will be thrown on these records of the ancient world; and we may gradually attain a deeper insight into their meaning than the mediaeval Hindus could possess, just as a modern scholar may understand Homer more thoroughly than the Byzantine scholiasts." But he goes on to say :— "It is easy to depreciate native commentators, but it is not so easy to supersede them; and while I would by no means uphold Sayana as infallible, I confess that, in the present early stage of Vaidik studies in Europe, it seems to me the safer course to follow native tradition rather than to accept too readily the arbitrary con- jectures which continental scholars so often hazard." Without considering it necessary to examine, or defend, all the explanations of particular words proposed by the foreign lexicographers alluded to by Mr. Cowell, I yet venture to think that those scholars have been perfectly justified in com- mencing at once the arduous task of expounding the Veda on the principles of interpretation which they have adopted and enunciated. -
A Study of the Early Vedic Age in Ancient India
Journal of Arts and Culture ISSN: 0976-9862 & E-ISSN: 0976-9870, Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp.-129-132. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=53. A STUDY OF THE EARLY VEDIC AGE IN ANCIENT INDIA FASALE M.K.* Department of Histroy, Abasaheb Kakade Arts College, Bodhegaon, Shevgaon- 414 502, MS, India *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: December 04, 2012; Accepted: December 20, 2012 Abstract- The Vedic period (or Vedic age) was a period in history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. The time span of the period is uncertain. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, was com- posed roughly between 1700 and 1100 BCE, also referred to as the early Vedic period. The end of the period is commonly estimated to have occurred about 500 BCE, and 150 BCE has been suggested as a terminus ante quem for all Vedic Sanskrit literature. Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition alone, and a literary tradition set in only in post-Vedic times. Despite the difficulties in dating the period, the Vedas can safely be assumed to be several thousands of years old. The associated culture, sometimes referred to as Vedic civilization, was probably centred early on in the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, but has now spread and constitutes the basis of contemporary Indian culture. After the end of the Vedic period, the Mahajanapadas period in turn gave way to the Maurya Empire (from ca. -
PDF Format of This Book
COMMENTARY ON THE MUNDAKA UPANISHAD COMMENTARY ON THE MUNDAKA UPANISHAD SWAMI KRISHNANANDA Published by THE DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY P.O. SHIVANANDANAGAR—249 192 Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas, India www.sivanandaonline.org, www.dlshq.org First Edition: 2017 [1,000 copies] ©The Divine Life Trust Society EK 56 PRICE: ` 95/- Published by Swami Padmanabhananda for The Divine Life Society, Shivanandanagar, and printed by him at the Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy Press, P.O. Shivanandanagar, Distt. Tehri-Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas, India For online orders and catalogue visit: www.dlsbooks.org puBLishers’ note We are delighted to bring our new publication ‘Commentary on the Mundaka Upanishad’ by Worshipful Sri Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj. Saunaka, the great householder, questioned Rishi Angiras. Kasmin Bhagavo vijnaate sarvamidam vijnaatam bhavati iti: O Bhagavan, what is that which being known, all this—the entire phenomena, experienced through the mind and the senses—becomes known or really understood? The Mundaka Upanishad presents an elaborate answer to this important philosophical question, and also to all possible questions implied in the one original essential question. Worshipful Sri Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj gave a verse-by-verse commentary on this most significant and sacred Upanishad in August 1989. The insightful analysis of each verse in Sri Swamiji Maharaj’s inimitable style makes the book a precious treasure for all spiritual seekers. —THE DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY 5 TABLE OF Contents Publisher’s Note . 5 CHAPTER 1: Section 1 . 11 Section 2 . 28 CHAPTER 2: Section 1 . 50 Section 2 . 68 CHAPTER 3: Section 1 . 85 Section 2 . 101 7 COMMENTARY ON THE MUNDAKA UPANISHAD Chapter 1 SECTION 1 Brahmā devānām prathamaḥ sambabhūva viśvasya kartā bhuvanasya goptā, sa brahma-vidyāṁ sarva-vidyā-pratiṣṭhām arthavāya jyeṣṭha-putrāya prāha; artharvaṇe yām pravadeta brahmātharvā tām purovācāṅgire brahma-vidyām, sa bhāradvājāya satyavāhāya prāha bhāradvājo’ṇgirase parāvarām (1.1.1-2). -
Bhagavata Purana
Bhagavata Purana The Bh āgavata Pur āṇa (Devanagari : भागवतपुराण ; also Śrīmad Bh āgavata Mah ā Pur āṇa, Śrīmad Bh āgavatam or Bh āgavata ) is one of Hinduism 's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas , great histories).[1][2] Composed in Sanskrit and available in almost all Indian languages,[3] it promotes bhakti (devotion) to Krishna [4][5][6] integrating themes from the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Adi Shankara .[5][7][8] The Bhagavata Purana , like other puranas, discusses a wide range of topics including cosmology, genealogy, geography, mythology, legend, music, dance, yoga and culture.[5][9] As it begins, the forces of evil have won a war between the benevolent devas (deities) and evil asuras (demons) and now rule the universe. Truth re-emerges as Krishna, (called " Hari " and " Vasudeva " in the text) – first makes peace with the demons, understands them and then creatively defeats them, bringing back hope, justice, freedom and good – a cyclic theme that appears in many legends.[10] The Bhagavata Purana is a revered text in Vaishnavism , a Hindu tradition that reveres Vishnu.[11] The text presents a form of religion ( dharma ) that competes with that of the Vedas , wherein bhakti ultimately leads to self-knowledge, liberation ( moksha ) and bliss.[12] However the Bhagavata Purana asserts that the inner nature and outer form of Krishna is identical to the Vedas and that this is what rescues the world from the forces of evil.[13] An oft-quoted verse is used by some Krishna sects to assert that the text itself is Krishna in literary -
Introduction to Vedic Knowledge
Introduction to Vedic Knowledge first volume: The Study of Vedic Scriptures Along History by Parama Karuna Devi Copyright © 2012 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved. ISBN-10: 1482500361 ISBN-13: 978-1482500363 published by Jagannatha Vallabha Research Center PAVAN House, Siddha Mahavira patana, Puri 752002 Orissa Web presence: http://www.jagannathavallabha.com http://www.facebook.com/ParamaKarunaDevi http://jagannathavallabhavedicresearch.wordpress.com/ The Perception of Vedic Culture in Western History This publication originates from the need to present in a simple, clear, objective and exhaustive way, the basic information about the original Vedic knowledge, that in the course of the centuries has often been confused by colonialist propaganda, through the writings of indologists belonging to the euro-centric Christian academic system (that were bent on refuting and demolishing the vedic scriptures rather than presenting them in a positive way) and through the cultural superimposition suffered by sincere students who only had access to very indirect material, already carefully chosen and filtered by professors or commentators that were afflicted by negative prejudice. It was pope Onorius IV (1286-1287) who inaugurated in the West the study of oriental languages and precisely Hebrew, Greek and Arabic. He had studied at the University of Paris before entering the diplomatic career at the service of pope Clement IV (1265-1268), who sent him to celebrate the crowning of Charles d'Anjou as King of Sicily. After becoming pope, Onorius introduced in the University of Paris the new curriculum (Studia linguarum) aimed at building the languistic knowledge required to understand the original texts of Parama Karuna Devi the Old and New Testament and the Coranic texts, that were the theological, ethical and philosophical foundations of the scholars which in those times were not subject to the Church of Rome: Jews, orthodox Christians and Muslims. -
The Atharvaveda and Its Paippalādaśākhā Arlo Griffiths, Annette Schmiedchen
The Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā Arlo Griffiths, Annette Schmiedchen To cite this version: Arlo Griffiths, Annette Schmiedchen. The Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā: Historical and philological papers on a Vedic tradition. Arlo Griffiths; Annette Schmiedchen. 11, Shaker, 2007, Indologica Halensis, 978-3-8322-6255-6. halshs-01929253 HAL Id: halshs-01929253 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01929253 Submitted on 5 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Griffiths, Arlo, and Annette Schmiedchen, eds. 2007. The Atharvaveda and Its Paippalādaśākhā: Historical and Philological Papers on a Vedic Tradition. Indologica Halensis 11. Aachen: Shaker. Contents Arlo Griffiths Prefatory Remarks . III Philipp Kubisch The Metrical and Prosodical Structures of Books I–VII of the Vulgate Atharvavedasam. hita¯ .....................................................1 Alexander Lubotsky PS 8.15. Offense against a Brahmin . 23 Werner Knobl Zwei Studien zum Wortschatz der Paippalada-Sam¯ . hita¯ ..................35 Yasuhiro Tsuchiyama On the meaning of the word r¯as..tr´a: PS 10.4 . 71 Timothy Lubin The N¯ılarudropanis.ad and the Paippal¯adasam. hit¯a: A Critical Edition with Trans- lation of the Upanis.ad and Nar¯ ayan¯ . a’s D¯ıpik¯a ............................81 Arlo Griffiths The Ancillary Literature of the Paippalada¯ School: A Preliminary Survey with an Edition of the Caran. -
Sama Veda Aranya Samhita Sayana Bhashya and Bengali Translation Satya Vrata Sharma
1;„, ARANYASANHITA OF THE SAMAVEDA WITH THE COMMENTARY OF SAYANA ACHARYA AND A BENGALI TRANSLATION BY SATYA BEATA SAMASEAML ^jvm *fa?n i ^t^T^T^ fa^raT*TT HfT^T^ PEINTED AT THE DWEIPAYANA PRESS. 1873. To be had from Pandit Jibananda Vidyasagara B. A, Sanskrit College of Calcutta. — * ^T^^ter ^IT qTTW • • • ? I ... h * f%$T^rft^R [^t*t] r ^ *rera-mif^f?r ... s * ^raref ... ill £. ^iw^^^ct [«r?T^:] ... i t? M^IT — ... I ... H Tcf^^t ill ^8 ^T^fwf^fe* mz\m ... ^ H ITfpftT^ftrT ... ?H ... hi ^t^fft ... Ill ff^f^fT ... { fij-^qra^— ... ^ f^TrTTW^— ... p|| fWRTO*—i^rw ... * ^^^Tf^ffa* ... hi 1*7— x$ 4o fHw rwf ^ ferifN?^#^^N ii ^ it ^ft^^tt^rT^ cRTf^"^? II 8 II *rra?ftf?T *re<T 11 sjr*nf^ f?reg <t n sj >> f ! # ^ IWWrrW ^tf^f wfmjifa ? 'gift' '^pe? ^ V. ^^nr Srw? vH^trr shir ! a <rHH ^ ^fl— c^r ^iPf <^ <Nrfc*rt^W *tfsrelNrfr, ^r-c*rfa nf^<^^ ? (?r| *rt*tt- W8^?fa:, fk^q^^:, T^tt^m i * ^ * ^ l S \ \* ^ \ * * t * ? ?: 't^:' ^nrm' «f?w wi^: 'ttwt' t^rfT rrwftr ttwt i '^rat^rf^ ^^^rejfr' ^r*{Frre F*rprft Wrc ^tt^ i (?rt ftfwt f^ft cm IRH 8 WWjffcTT \ f^^Vfo || ^ II ^% rrw1%: «S? ^rlw ^mfi: w?f ^t^t^t^ ^ft 't^w' ^rcsr^rw^ %^ sr%r *ref?r ii^ii ^if^^^^j^m^T^W^ II 8 II ^r:wt TR^Mrtfrr rrr: sfr*n?r i *rf*te f¥^r ^fwl w i ^s^ft^ra- *^*r i ^1 ^ 1 11 8 II * <f ^w Trf^ir sr^fa srir ^TT^rr (?toit f%wf% i w: g^p^t f 'in*' ! # wn^r xrfirww srsropfa 'o^f wt- '*r*r' 'ficf%w^ ft^?^r i WTTr^^rm^ 't$m\', '^r'^ftnsr '^fh' i ^ fim^r: %' ^jtft % "i^ra^ WTf^R^ n ^ H *WT*S , sH& upt ! ^rai c^w^ *tf^5 *rttfc*tx ft^g5 (TTt ¥t«T wfto, ^ft « ^rfa ^ f^^t^f^ c^t ^wf^^tw *tf^«r -
Role of Environment in Vedic Literature
IJA MH International Journal on Arts, Management and Humanities 7(1): 147-150(2018) ISSN No. (Online): 2319–5231 Role of Environment in Vedic Literature Puspa Saikia Assistant Professor, Department of Sanskrit, Ghanakanta Baruah College, Marigaon, Assam, INDIA (Corresponding author: Puspa Saikia) (Received 15 February, 2018, Accepted 27 April, 2018) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: Environment is surrounding the whole gamut of diverse. It includes the land, water, vegetation, air and the whole range of the social order and covers all the disciplines, such as chemistry, biology, ecology, sociology etc. that affect and describe these interactions. Environment would automatically be protected through ethical and spiritual life of the people. Indian life rotates around Indian literature contained in Vedas, Upanishads, Epics and the puranas with dharmashastras in the background. Veda is considered the main source of knowledge. The Vedic literature gives us the genuine principles to adjust with our environment and lead a spiritual life full of bliss. The Veda specially has dealt in detail about various aspects of environment and showed more concern for ecology. Most of the environmental problems of the present day are essentially man made. The role of man is therefore important for shape the environment in perfect harmony. So the proper following of the Vedic techniques, methods and principles and the new knowledge generated through science and technological research should be employed to save the human beings from environmental degradation. I. INTRODUCTION Environment is surrounding the whole range in which we observed, experience and react to event and changes. Environmental Science in its broadest sense in the science of complex interactions that occur among the terrestrial, atmospheric, aquatic, living the anthropological environments and includes all the disciplines such as chemistry, biology, ecology, sociology etc. -
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots Buddhism (Buddha) Followed by Hindūism (Kṛṣṇā) The religion of the Vedic period (also known as Vedism or Vedic Brahmanism or, in a context of Indian antiquity, simply Brahmanism[1]) is a historical predecessor of Hinduism.[2] Its liturgy is reflected in the Mantra portion of the four Vedas, which are compiled in Sanskrit. The religious practices centered on a clergy administering rites that often involved sacrifices. This mode of worship is largely unchanged today within Hinduism; however, only a small fraction of conservative Shrautins continue the tradition of oral recitation of hymns learned solely through the oral tradition. Texts dating to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedic Samhitas, but the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and some of the older Upanishads (Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana) are also placed in this period. The Vedas record the liturgy connected with the rituals and sacrifices performed by the 16 or 17 shrauta priests and the purohitas. According to traditional views, the hymns of the Rigveda and other Vedic hymns were divinely revealed to the rishis, who were considered to be seers or "hearers" (shruti means "what is heard") of the Veda, rather than "authors". In addition the Vedas are said to be "apaurashaya", a Sanskrit word meaning uncreated by man and which further reveals their eternal non-changing status. The mode of worship was worship of the elements like fire and rivers, worship of heroic gods like Indra, chanting of hymns and performance of sacrifices. The priests performed the solemn rituals for the noblemen (Kshsatriya) and some wealthy Vaishyas. -
Women in Hindu Dharma- a Tribute
Women in Hindu Dharma- a Tribute Respected Ladies and Gentlemen1, Namaste! Women and the Divine Word:- Let me start my talk with a recitation from the Vedas2, the ‘Divinely Exhaled’ texts of Hindu Dharma – Profound thought was the pillow of her couch, Vision was the unguent for her eyes. Her wealth was the earth and Heaven, When Surya (the sun-like resplendent bride) went to meet her husband.3 Her mind was the bridal chariot, And sky was the canopy of that chariot. Orbs of light were the two steers that pulled the chariot, When Surya proceeded to her husband’s home!4 The close connection of women with divine revelation in Hinduism may be judged from the fact that of the 407 Sages associated with the revelation of Rigveda, twenty-one5 are women. Many of these mantras are quite significant for instance the hymn on the glorification of the Divine Speech.6 The very invocatory mantra7 of the Atharvaveda8 addresses divinity as a ‘Devi’ – the Goddess, who while present in waters, fulfills all our desires and hopes. In the Atharvaveda, the entire 14th book dealing with marriage, domestic issues etc., is attributed to a woman. Portions9 of other 19 books are also attributed to women sages10. 1 It is a Hindu tradition to address women before men in a group, out of reverence for the former. For instance, Hindu wedding invitations are normally addressed ‘To Mrs. and Mr. Smith’ and so on and not as ‘To Mr. And Mrs. Smith’ or as ‘ To Mr. and Mrs. John Smith’ or even as ‘To Mrs. -
Review of Research Journal:International Monthly
Review Of Research Impact Factor : 5.7631(UIF) UGC Approved Journal No. 48514 ISSN: 2249-894X Volume - 8 | Issue - 5 | fEBRUARY - 2019 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SHAKTI DIETIES IN KALABURAGI DISTRICT-A STUDY ON BHANKUR KARIYAMMA DEVI AND CHINCHANSUR MAHAPURATAI Maheshkumar Shivasharanappa1 and Dr. Birdar Shrishail2 1Research Student Dept. History & Research Centre Gulbarga University Kalaburagi. 2 M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D Associate Professor Research Guide Dept. History & Research Centre Nrupatunga First Grade College, Sedam Dist: Kalaburagi, Karnataka. ABSTRACT : Shakti cult is one of the major traditions of Hinduism followed in India since ancient times. It is considers metaphysical reality as metaphorically a woman and Shakti is regarded as the supreme godhead. It includes many goddesses, who are considered as different aspects of the same supreme goddess.1 It has different sub-traditions that range from those focused on gracious Parvati to that of fierce and horrifying Kali.2 KEYWORDS : Shakti cult , supreme godhead. INTRODUCTION : Sruti and Smriti literatures are important sources that deal with the Shakti tradition. In addition, it reveres the texts like Devi Mahatmya, Devi-Bhagavata Purana, Mahabhagwata Purana and Shakta Upanishads like the Devi Upanishad.3 The Devi Mahatmya particularly, is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the Bhagavad Gita.4 Shaktism is popular for its various sub-traditions of Tantra,5 and a number of goddesses -
Study Guide for Students the Hindu Traditions: a Concise Introduction
Muesse, The Hindu Traditions, Study Guide Study Guide for Students The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction Introduction: Hinduism in Time and Space Overview of the Chapter As a phenomenon of human culture, Hinduism occupies a particular place in time and space. To begin our study of this phenomenon, it is essential to situate it temporally and spatially. We begin by considering how the concept of Hinduism arose in the modern era as way to designate a purportedly coherent system of beliefs and practices. Since this initial construction has proven inadequate to the realities of the Hindu religious terrain, we adopt “the Hindu traditions” as a more satisfactory alternative. The phrase “Hindu traditions” calls attention to the great diversity of practices and beliefs that can be described as “Hindu.” Those traditions are deeply rooted in history and have flourished almost exclusively on the Indian Subcontinent within a rich cultural and religious context. Key Terms Abrahamic traditions Bhārata Brahmins Buddhism Durga (Durgā) Hindoo Hindustan Hindūtva Jainism Parsis pandit Punjab (Panjab) sanātana dharma Shankaracharya, Adi (Śankarācārya, Ādi) Shiva (Śiva) Sikhism Sindhu tilak Vedas Vishnu Zoroastrianism Questions for Review • Explain the development of the idea of Hinduism. • Why is “Hinduism” a problematic concept? Why might “the Hindu traditions” be considered a more adequate alternative? 2 • Why do most Hindus live in India? • What aspects of Indian culture may have contributed to (or been produced by) the Hindu appreciation of diversity and tolerance? Questions for Further Reflection • Why might persons interested in controlling others be concerned with understanding their religion? • Why might Hindus have lacked a specific word for their religion prior to the creation of the word Hinduism? • What is the value of determining a religion’s “essence”? • Can a single religion embrace monotheism, polytheism, and atheism? 1.