The Kanva and Madhyandina Recensions of the Isha Upanishad
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A Study of the Early Vedic Age in Ancient India
Journal of Arts and Culture ISSN: 0976-9862 & E-ISSN: 0976-9870, Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp.-129-132. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=53. A STUDY OF THE EARLY VEDIC AGE IN ANCIENT INDIA FASALE M.K.* Department of Histroy, Abasaheb Kakade Arts College, Bodhegaon, Shevgaon- 414 502, MS, India *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: December 04, 2012; Accepted: December 20, 2012 Abstract- The Vedic period (or Vedic age) was a period in history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. The time span of the period is uncertain. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, was com- posed roughly between 1700 and 1100 BCE, also referred to as the early Vedic period. The end of the period is commonly estimated to have occurred about 500 BCE, and 150 BCE has been suggested as a terminus ante quem for all Vedic Sanskrit literature. Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition alone, and a literary tradition set in only in post-Vedic times. Despite the difficulties in dating the period, the Vedas can safely be assumed to be several thousands of years old. The associated culture, sometimes referred to as Vedic civilization, was probably centred early on in the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, but has now spread and constitutes the basis of contemporary Indian culture. After the end of the Vedic period, the Mahajanapadas period in turn gave way to the Maurya Empire (from ca. -
Interpreting the UPANISHADS
Interpreting the UPANISHADS ANANDA WOOD Modified version 2003 Copyright 1996 by Ananda Wood Published by: Ananda Wood 1A Ashoka 3 Naylor Road Pune 411 001 India Phone (020) 612 0737 Email [email protected] Contents Preface . v ‘This’ and ‘that’ . 1 Consciousness . 6 Consciousness and perception . 11 Creation Underlying reality . 21 Cosmology and experience . 23 Creation from self . 26 The seed of creation . 27 Light from the seed . 29 The basis of experience . 30 Creation through personality . 35 Waking from deep sleep . 48 The creation of appearances . 51 Change and continuity Movement . 59 The continuing background . 60 Objective and subjective . 67 Unchanging self . 68 Continuity . 75 Life Energy . 81 Expression . 82 Learning . 84 The living principle . 89 The impersonal basis of personality ‘Human-ness’ . 93 Universal and individual . 96 Inner light . 103 Underlying consciousness . 104 The unborn source . 108 The unmoved mover . 112 One’s own self . 116 The ‘I’-principle . 117 iv Contents Self Turning back in . 119 Unbodied light . 120 The self in everyone . 135 The rider in a chariot . 138 The enjoyer and the witness . 141 Cleansing the ego . 144 Detachment and non-duality . 146 Happiness Value . 152 Outward desire . 153 Kinds of happiness . 154 One common goal . 158 Love . 160 Desire’s end . 162 Freedom . 163 The ground of all reality . 166 Non-duality . 167 The three states . 169 The divine presence God and self . 176 The rule of light . 181 Teacher and disciple Seeking truth . 195 Not found by speech . 196 Learning from a teacher . 197 Coming home . 198 Scheme of transliteration . 201 List of translated passages . -
Hospital Master
S.No HOSPITALNAME STREET CITYDESC STATEDESC PINCODE 1 Highway Hospital Dev Ashish Jeen Hath Naka, Maarathon Circle Mumbai and Maharashtra 400601 Suburb 2 PADMAVATI MATERNITY AND 215/216- Oswal Oronote, 2nd Thane Maharashtra 401105 NURSING HOME 3 Jai Kamal Eye Hospital Opp Sandhu Colony G.T.Road, Chheharta, Amritsar Amritsar Punjab 143001 4 APOLLO SPECIALITY HOSPITAL Chennai By-Pass Road, Tiruchy TamilNadu 620010 5 Khanna Hospital C2/396,Janakpuri New Delhi Delhi 110058 6 B.M Gupta Nursing Home H-11-15 Arya Samaj Road,Uttam Nagar New Delhi Delhi 110059 Pvt.Ltd. 7 Divakar Global Hospital No. 220, Second Phase, J.P.Nagar, Bengaluru Karnataka 560078 8 Anmay Eye Hospital - Dr Off. C.G. Road , Nr. President Hotel,Opp. Mahalya Ahmedabad Gujarat 380009 Raminder Singh Building, Navrangpura 9 Tilak Hospital Near Ramlila Ground,Gurgaon Road,Pataudi,Gurgaon-Gurugram Haryana 122503 122503 10 GLOBAL 5 Health Care F-2, D-2, Sector9, Main Road, Vashi, Navi Mumbai Mumbai and Maharashtra 400703 Suburb 11 S B Eye Care Hospital Anmol Nagar, Old Tanda Road, Tanda By-Pass, Hoshiarpur Punjab 146001 Hoshiarpur 12 Dhir Eye Hospital Old Court Road Rajpura Punjab 140401 13 Bilal Hospital Icu Ryal Garden,A wing,Nr.Shimla Thane Maharashtra 401201 Park,Kausa,Mumbra,Thane 14 Renuka Eye Institute 25/3,Jessre road,Dakbanglow Kolkata West Bengal 700127 More,Rathala,Barsat,Kolkatta 15 Pardi Hospital Nh No-8, Killa Pardi, Opp. Renbasera HotelPardi Valsad Gujarat 396001 16 Jagat Hospital Raibaraily Road, Naka Chungi, Faizabad Faizabad Uttar Pradesh 224001 17 SANT DNYANESHWAR Sant Nagar, Plot no-1/1, Sec No-4, Moshi Pune Maharashtra 412105 HOSPITAL PRIVATE LIMITED Pradhikaran,Pune-Nashik Highway, Spine Road 18 Lotus Hospital #389/3, Prem Nagar, Mata Road-122001 Gurugram Haryana 122001 19 Samyak Hospital BM-7 East Shalimar Bagh New Delhi Delhi 110088 20 Bristlecone Hospitals Pvt. -
1 BLOCK-2 INTRODUCTION the Upanishads Are Hindu Scriptures
BLOCK-2 INTRODUCTION The Upanishads are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta. They do not belong to any particular period of Sanskrit literature: the oldest, such as the Brhadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads, date to the late Brahmana period (around the middle of the first millennium BCE), while the latest were composed in the medieval and early modern period. The Upanishads have exerted an important influence on the rest of Indian Philosophy, and were collectively considered one of the 100 most influential books ever written by the British poet Martin Seymour-Smith. The philosopher and commentator Shankara is thought to have composed commentaries on eleven mukhya or principal Upanishads, those that are generally regarded as the oldest, spanning the late Vedic and Mauryan periods. The Muktika Upanishad (predates 1656) contains a list of 108 canonical Upanishads and lists itself as the final one. Although there are a wide variety of philosophical positions propounded in the Upanishads, commentators since Shankara have usually followed him in seeing Advaita as the dominant one. Unit 1 is on “Introduction to the Upanishads.” In this unit, you will become familiar with the general tenor of the Upanishads. You are expected to recognize the differences between the Vedas and the Upanishads not only in content but also in spirit. Secondly, you should be able to notice various philosophical and primitive scientific issues which have found place in the Upanishads. In the end, you should be in a position to understand that philosophy is not merely an intellectual exercise in India, but it is also the guiding factor of human life. -
Uttarakandam
THE RAMAYANA. Translated into English Prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki. UTTARAKANDAM. M ra Oer ii > m EDITED AND PUBLISHED Vt MANMATHA NATH DUTT, MA. CALCUTTA. 1894. Digitized by VjOOQIC Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vynchi Bala Sir Rama Varma kulasekhara klritapatl manney sultan maha- RAJA Raja Ramraja Bahabur Shamshir Jung Knight Grand Commander of most Emi- nent order of the Star of India. 7gK afjaraja of ^xavancoxe. THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY MANMATHA NATH DUTT. In testimony of his veneration for His Highness and in grateful acknowledgement of the distinction conferred upon him while in His Highness* capital, and the great pecuniary help rendered by his Highness in publishing this work. Digitized by VjOOQ IC T — ^ 3oVkAotC UTTARA KlAlND^M, SECTION I. \Jn the Rakshasas having been slain, all the ascetics, for the purpose of congratulating Raghava, came to Rama as he gained (back) his kingdom. Kau^ika, and Yavakrita, and Gargya, and Galava, and Kanva—son unto Madhatithi, . who dwelt in the east, (came thither) ; aikl the reverend Swastyastreya, and Namuchi,and Pramuchi, and Agastya, and the worshipful Atri, aud Sumukha, and Vimukha,—who dwelt in the south,—came in company with Agastya.* And Nrishadgu, and Kahashi, and Dhaumya, and that mighty sage —Kau^eya—who abode in the western "quarter, came there accompanied by their disciples. And Vasishtha and Ka^yapa and Atri and Vicwamitra with Gautama and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja and also the seven sages,t who . (or aye resided in the northern quarter, (came there). And on arriving at the residence of Raghava, those high-souled ones, resembling the fire in radiance, stopped at the gate, with the intention of communicating their arrival (to Rama) through the warder. -
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots Buddhism (Buddha) Followed by Hindūism (Kṛṣṇā) The religion of the Vedic period (also known as Vedism or Vedic Brahmanism or, in a context of Indian antiquity, simply Brahmanism[1]) is a historical predecessor of Hinduism.[2] Its liturgy is reflected in the Mantra portion of the four Vedas, which are compiled in Sanskrit. The religious practices centered on a clergy administering rites that often involved sacrifices. This mode of worship is largely unchanged today within Hinduism; however, only a small fraction of conservative Shrautins continue the tradition of oral recitation of hymns learned solely through the oral tradition. Texts dating to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedic Samhitas, but the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and some of the older Upanishads (Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana) are also placed in this period. The Vedas record the liturgy connected with the rituals and sacrifices performed by the 16 or 17 shrauta priests and the purohitas. According to traditional views, the hymns of the Rigveda and other Vedic hymns were divinely revealed to the rishis, who were considered to be seers or "hearers" (shruti means "what is heard") of the Veda, rather than "authors". In addition the Vedas are said to be "apaurashaya", a Sanskrit word meaning uncreated by man and which further reveals their eternal non-changing status. The mode of worship was worship of the elements like fire and rivers, worship of heroic gods like Indra, chanting of hymns and performance of sacrifices. The priests performed the solemn rituals for the noblemen (Kshsatriya) and some wealthy Vaishyas. -
An Introduction to the Vedas
An introduction to Vedas By Swami Shantananda Puri Maharaj, Written during July to August, 2013 This document contains a brief introduction to the Vedas. A. Origin of Vedas and their expansion: Out of the four Vedas, namely, Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda, the first three alone are used in practice and that is why those three Vedas are called the triad or trayee. Here again, as Hinduism was originally based on the performance of fire sacrifices, called yagas and yagnas, the mantras of Yajurveda were used for pouring oblations in the fire, Rigveda was used for praising the Lord / praising the Gods, in the form of prayers, and Samaveda was being sung to tunes. “YAJUSHA YAJETA, RICHA STOOYATE, SAMNA GAYATE”. Actually Samaveda may not be considered as an independent Veda as the major portion of the mantras was taken from the Rigveda and set to tunes. In fact, people who wanted to study Samaveda, had to study music for about 2-3 years, and only then were they allowed to recite the Vedas. The Samaveda contains the mantras for white magic also. The Atharvaveda contains amongst various subjects, some mantras for black magic in the form of certain kriyas / rituals for getting our enemies killed, invoking serious ailments in their body, etc. In the Ekagni Kanda, which is a part of one of the Vedas, certain mantras have been given. These mantras are for different situations. For example, if a reliable servant or cook has given a notice that he wants to go home or the servant leaves for home on leave and later An introduction to Vedas communicates that he does not want to return to the job, by chanting some of the specific mantras, the servant himself will come forward, express his change of mind and rejoin. -
King Dushyant and Shakuntala and His Name Was Bharat
King Dushyant 2 and Shakuntala Dushyant, the king of the Puru dynasty, ruled Hastinapur. He was a proficient administrator and a just ruler. Vidushaka, his friend, was always by his side. One day, king Dushyant made a plan of hunting in the forest; so he went into the forest with his huge army. After great efforts, he shot an arrow at a deer but the wounded deer ran away from his sight. He also started following the deer and reached an ashram. There he saw a beautiful girl, named Shakuntala, nursing the deer, her pet. Shakuntala was born to the sage Vishwamitra and Apsara Menaka. Menaka had come at the command of the king of gods, Indra, to distract the great sage Vishwamitra from his deep meditations. 10 English-5 King Dushyant profusely begged her forgiveness for harming the deer and spent some time at the ashram. Shakuntala’s beauty was so captivating that the king fell in love with her. Shakuntala too, was enchanted by his majestic personality. They married right there in the ashram. But as the king had to go to look after his kingdom, he told this to Shakuntala. At this, she was heartbroken but she knew her husband’s responsibility towards his kingdom. The day of his departure arrived. Shakuntala was in utter agony. Dushyant was also emotionally disturbed. When Dushyant left Shakuntala, he gave Shakuntala a royal ring as a sign of their love, promising her that he would return to her soon. Shakuntala was so dispirited by Dushyant’s separation. One day she was sitting in the garden and recalling her sweet memories with her husband, King Dushyant. -
About Yajna, Yaga & Homa
Mahabharata Series About Yajna, Yaga & Homa Compiled by: G H Visweswara PREFACE I have extracted these contents from my other comprehensive & unique work on Mahabharata called Mahabharata-Spectroscope. (See http://www.ghvisweswara.com/mahabharata-2/mahabharata-spectroscope-a-unique- resource/). Whereas the material in that was included in the order in which it appears in the original epic, in this compilation I have grouped them by meaningful Topics & Sub- topics thus making it much more useful to the student/scholar of this subject. This is a brief compilation of the contents appearing in the great epic Mahabharata on the topics of Yajna, Yaga & Homa. The compilation is not exhaustive in the sense that every para appearing in the great epic is not included here for the sake of limiting the size of this document. Some of the topics like japa-yajna have already been compiled in another document called Japa-Dhayana-Pranayama. But still most of the key or representative passages have been compiled here. The contents are from Mahabharata excluding Bhagavad Gita. I hope the readers will find the document of some use in their study on these topics. Please see http://www.ghvisweswara.com/mahabharata-2 for my other topic based compilations based on Mahabharata. G H Visweswara [email protected] www.ghvisweswara.com March 2017 About Yajna, Yaga & Homa in Mahabharata: G H Visweswara Page 1 Table of Contents About Yajna, Yaga & Homa in Mahabharata .......................................................................................... 4 Eligibility, -
Isha Upanishad
Sri Aurobindo Isha Upanishad THE UPANISHADS BOOK I P ART ONE TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY PUB- LISHED BY SRI AUROBINDO Isha Upanishad 1 ÈÙÀ vÀsyamidaÌ sarvaÌ yat kiÜca jagatyÀÌ jagat, tena tyaktena bhuñjÈthÀ mÀ gÐdhaÕ kasya sviddhanam. All this is for habitation1 by the Lord, whatsoever is individual universe of movement in the universal motion. By that renounced thou shouldst enjoy; lust not after any man's possession. 2 kÓrvanneveha karmÀÍi jijÈviØecchataÌ samÀÕ, evaÌ tvayi nÀnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare. Doing verily2 works in this world one should wish to live a hun- dred years. Thus it is in thee and not otherwise than this; action cleaves not to a man.3 1 There are three possible senses of vÀsyam, “to be clothed”, “to be worn as garment” and “to be inhabited”. The first is the ordinarily accepted meaning. Shankara explains it in this significance, that we must lose the sense of this unreal objective universe in the sole perception of the pure Brahman. So explained the first line becomes a contradiction of the whole thought of the Upanishad which teaches the reconciliation, by the perception of essential Unity, of the apparently incompatible opposites, God and the World, Renunciation and Enjoyment, Action and internal Freedom, the One and the Many, Being and its Becomings, the pas- sive divine Impersonality and the active divine Personality, the Knowledge and the Ignorance, the Becoming and the Not-Becoming, Life on earth and beyond and the supreme Immortality. The image is of the world either as a garment or as a dwell- ing-place for the informing and governing Spirit. -
Types of Vedas - Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda & Atharvaveda
Types of Vedas - Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda & Atharvaveda There are four types of Vedas - Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. One of the best sources of Ancient Indian History is Vedic literature. Vedas have formed the Indian scripture. The ideas and practices of Vedic religion are codified by the Vedas and they also form the basis of classical Hinduism. The topic, ‘Types of Vedas’ is important for the IAS Exam, keeping in mind the syllabus of history subject. Questions might be asked from any type of Vedas in the Prelims or Mains stage. Hence, this article will mention the relevant facts about four Vedas for the civil services examination. Aspirants can also download the notes PDF from the link provided on the page. Four Vedas Name and Features The four Vedas and their features, in brief, are given in the table below: Types of Vedas Name of the Key Features of the Veda Veda Rig Veda It is the earliest form of Veda Samaveda Earliest reference for singing Yajurveda It is also called the book of prayers Atharvaveda The book of magic and charms Vedas in Detail Rigveda: The oldest Veda is the Rigveda. It has 1028 hymns called ‘Suktas’ and is a collection of 10 books called ‘Mandalas.’ The features of Rigveda are given in the table below: Features of Rigveda It is the oldest form of Veda and oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text(1800 – 1100 BCE) The meaning of the word ‘Rigveda’ is Praise Knowledge It has 10600 verses Out of 10 books or mandalas, book number 1 and 10 are the youngest ones as they were written later than books 2 to 9 -
Secrets of Srimad Bhagavad Gita Revealed
Secrets of Srimad Bhagavad Gita Revealed By Manga Viswanadha Rao Introduction The Bhagavad Gita, the greatest devotional book of Hinduism, has long been recognized as one of the world‘s spiritual classics and a guide to all on the path of Truth. The land of the Vedas and the Upanishads – that is India. India has a rich culture of respecting the Father, Mother, Elders and Teachers. The influence of Western Culture and the glitz of Materialism is misleading the children of India and corrupting the society by compromising the values. This is an attempt to lead the people in the right direction. Let us read the mantra from Yajur Veda (36-24) and understand the deep meaning and spiritual significance it upholds. Let us live long. Without depending on anyone. I am deeply pained by the children over speeding for the thrill on the streets of India. The immaturity of some children is evident with their utter disregard to their self well-being when they forget that ―Speed Thrills, But also Kills‖. Some other children want to depend their entire lives on the hard work of their parents. Let us take Vedas as an example of how we need to live our lives. Let us make a firm resolve to lead Young India by example with the inspiration of Swami Vivekananda. Let us make a firm resolve to lead the Future generations of Young India with the inspiration provided by the teachings of Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita. Let us learn to take good care of ourselves. TACHCHA KSHURDEVHITAM PURASTACHRUKRAMMUCHARAT PASHYEM SHARADAHA SHATAM JIVEMA SHRADAHA SHATAM SHRUNUYAMA SHARADAHA SHATAM PRA BRAYAMA SHARADAHA SHATMADINAHA SYAM SHARADAHA SHATAM BHUYASHCHA SHARADAHA SHATAM BHUYASHCHA SHARADAHA SHATATA -------------(36/24, Yajurveda) He first arose who was the doer of good to the scholars and was blessed with pure eyes of knowledge.