The original documents are located in Box 18, folder “8/2-3/75 - ” of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.

Copyright Notice The copyright law of the (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 18 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library

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MEMORANDUM OF CALL

0 YOU WERE CALLED BY- 0 YOU WERE VISITED BY-

0 PLEASE CALL___. ~g~~~ · ------0 WILL CALL AGAIN 0 IS WAITING TO SEE YOU 0 RETURNED YOUR CALL 0 WISHES AN APPOINTMENT MESSAGE

RECEIVED BY IDATE ITIME SJANIMRD FOlliol 63 -u...108 REVISED AUGUST 1967 llSA FPllR (41 CfR) 101-11.1 om 1A6..lL& n.. !dD- ~ o__ ry-q A , ~bass~'. ~ 1tJcforL&A51b.eZd..... 6ucbc.t.D a ~7 _rn~~

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. . AMERICAN EJ.'1BASSY BUCHAREST , ROVANIA KEY TELEPHONE NlJMnERS

Embassy Switchboard • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • 12-L~O-l.f.0 Home Telephone Embassy Numbers Extension

Ambassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr ••••••.••••••• 18-01-5~ 10

Deputy Chief of Mission Richard N. Viets •••• 33-0~-16 12

Defense/Army Attache Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell 33-75-96 36 Air Attache Maj. Nicholas P. Costa, Jr •••••• 17-76-61 36 Political Officer Edward A. Mainland ••••••• 12-35-50 38 Econ/Commercial Officer Richard c. Scissors •• 12-00-58 17 Vice Consul Jean Gunther •••.••••••••••.••••• 15-80-22 39 Administrative Officer H. Clarke Rodgers •••• 33-22-10 24- Public Affairs Officer Aurelius Fernandez ••• 11-25-25 21 Information Officer Ashley Wills •••••••••••• 12-00-95 26 Nurse Cathettine Chaddie ••••••••••••••••••••• 50-4-1-70 33

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070 9 pp R~~HOLFHr EHV J~ (ONF!DENTIAL - AME MB Ass y B 0 N N DE RUDKAR #3554 2070959 ~NY CCCCC ZZH . 0 26'1927Z JUL 75 FM AM.EMBASSY BUCHAREST TO AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 1526 BT ; ,...... {} f..2- Sc.8 N:F I BE -N T I ,._.L BUCHAREST 3554 ~BON~ FOR PATTY MATSON, MRS. FORD'S PRESS OFFICE 11\t\V..-\ E.o. 11652: GOS ~. ~\ '11 fAMs I l TAGS : O'J IP (FORD, GERALD R.,> _ . ocM t=i- SUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT ~-;.; SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS POL__jJ PO~Mlli FOLLOWING SENT WHITE HOUSE, STATE It~FO USIA BEING PASSED TO YOU ! ECO"I i ·..._ FOR YOUR I NFO CON I C 0 N F 1 D E N T I A L BUCHAREST 3486 ~°,"- 1 3 WH ITE. HOUSE FOR PRESS OFFICE B&F I STATE FOR A/0 ~:o~j- E.O. 11652: GOS ---1 TAGS: OVIP - . coM I SUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT - SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS BAX _,I ~~OTOPENI IS ONE OF THE MOST MODERN AlR- 11ots_I- POtUS IN EASTERN EUROPE. · . •. RA.FLO i MBT- 1-- THE PRESID E~n ·s MOTORCADE WILL MOVE DIRECTLY FROM AFPLD ;- THE AIRPORT TARMAC ONTO HIGHWAY E-15, THE PRINCIPAL wrw ;_ ROAD LINK BETWEEN BUCHAREST MJD Pl.OIESTI. COMING INIO POLAO :~- Cl) PIATA SCINTEil (LITERALLY SPARK SQUARE> - IS -~-~ LOCATED IMMEDIATELY IN FRONT OF THE IMPOSING ·~,~ - , LeL. SCINTE!A BU I LDING, A GIFT OF THE SOVIET GO. VERNMENT v __L__ TO THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE AND SEAT OF BUCHAREST•s -·1 - ·- PRINCIPAL PUBLISHING, CULTURAL AND lDEOl..OGICAI.. ORGAN• 1---1-----l IZATIONS. THE MOTORCADE MAY STOP HERE SO THAI THE ______PRESIDENT MAY RECEIVE THE KEYS TO THE CITY . RH (2) ARC DE TRlOMPHE CAR CH OF TRIUMPH> • WAS COPIED AFTER THE FRENCH ORIGINAL AND SYMBOLIZES THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH CULTURE ~_,___ __.ON .

B. SPRING PALACE - WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL STAY. THE SPRING PALACE WAS BUILT IN THE MIDDLE SIXTIES SPECIFICALLY TO HOUSE VISITING- HEADS- OF STATE. IT IS LOCATED IN A C6NFIDENTIAL ~ ~J-zs-J>lb ! (

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Page~ contro1.S"6Y~ (~flDENTIAL AM EMBASSY BONN TIGHTLY CONTROLLED COMPOUND OF HOMES AND OFFICIAL RESIDENCES ~OLUDING PRESIDE T CEAUSESCU'S. THE SPRING PALACE BORDERS LAKE FLOREASCA, ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL OF BUCHAREST'S MANY LAKES. THE CITY IS IN FACT KNOWN AS THE "CITY OF LAKES.• c. COUNCIL OF STATE - WHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE PLACE WHEN THEY ARE IN BUCHAREST. THE COUNCIL IS LOCATED IN THE PALACE OF THE REPUBLIC ON GHEORGHE GHORGHIU-DEJ SQUARE. THE PALACE ALSO HOUSES THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART. THE PALACE WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1930 AND 1937, ON THE SITE OF A GRAND BOYAR'S 19IH CENT­ URY TOWN HOUSE AND THE RESIDENCE OF UNITED ROMANIA'S FIRST LEADER, ALEXANDER CUZA. THE MODERN PALACE SERVED AS A ROYAL RESIDENCE UNTIL 1944. IT WAS HERE THAT THE AUGUST 23, 1944 UPRISir'G AGAINST THE FASCIST GOVERNMENT ENDED SUCCESSFULLY, AND WHERE IN 1947 THE END OF THE MONARCHY WAS OFFICIALLY PROCALIMED. THE PALACE IS BUILT IN A U-SHAPE, IN CEOCLASSICAL STYLE. THE COUNCIL OF STATE IS LOCATED IN THE RIGHT WING AS YOU FACE THE BUILDING. D. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 1. TRAIN ROUTE FROM BUCHAREST TO - COVERS A DISTANCE OF 127 KM. THE TRAIN WILL PASS THROUGH GENTLY SLOPING PLAINS TO THE CITY OF PLOIESTI, ROMANIA'S LEADING OIL REFINING CENTER. PLOlESTI WAS BOMBED BY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH PLANES DURING WW II, SINCE 11 WAS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT GERMAN SOURCES OF OIL. THE TRAIN WILL PASS WITHIN SIGHT OF THE LARGEST OIL REFINING COMPLEX IN EUROPE. ABOUT S0 KM .. . BEYOND PLOIESTI, lHE TRAIN Wll..L BEGIN ASCENDING INTO THE ... .. """' . :· . VALLEY, ONE OF THE MOST PICTURESQUE IN ROMANIA. THE ENTIRE TRAIN TRIP SHOULD LAST APPROXIMATELY ONE HOUR AND A H.\LF • I E. SINAIA AND PELES CASTLE - WHERE THE two PRESIDENTS WILL SPEND SUNDAY MORNING IF THIS OPTION CHOSEN. SlNAIA IS AN OLD AND BEAUTIFUL ALPINE RESORT, WHERE 19TH CENTURY NOBLES FROM ALL OVER SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE USED TO SPEND THEIR SUMMERS. It IS LOCATED AT A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 1500 FEET, AT THE BASE OF THE BUCEGl MOUNTAINS. PELES CASTLE, WHICH THE TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TOUR, IS A GERMAN RENNAISANCE STRUCTURE BUILT BY THE HOHENZOLLERNS BETWEEN 1875 AND 1883. THE CASTLE IS NOTEWORTHY FOR ITS INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR WOOD CARV­ INGS, AND FOR THE DIVERSITY OF STYLES USED IN THE PRINCIPAL CHAMBERS. THESE INCLUDE ITALIAN AND ENGLISH RENAISSANCE, BAROQUE, ROCOCCO, MOORISH, AND BYZANTINE. THE CASTLE HAS 160 ROOMS, AND CONTAINS EXHIBITS OF ANCIENT WEAPONS, ORIENTAL CARPETS, STAINED GLASS WINDOWS AND TAPESTRIES AND FURNITURE OF VARIOUS PERIODS. THE PELES CASTLE STANDS IN THE MIDDLE OF SIX HECTARES OF A TERRACED PARK. MEAR PELES IS THE PELISOR CASTLE, WHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE

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Pagel Control Sis C{l{ AMEMB ASS Y BO N N P.LACE. THIS CASTLE WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1899 AND 1903, ALSO IN THE GERMAN RENAISSANCE STYLE. IT IS SMALLER THAN PELES, HAVING A MERE 70 ROOMS. F. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 2. AMERICAN LIBRARY -- A FACT SHEET ON THE AMERICAN LIBRARY WILL BE PLACED IN EACH JOURNALlSt•s PRESS KIT, WHICH WILL BE GIVEN our UPON ARRIVAL IN BUCHAREST. THE LIBRARY WAS OPENED IN 1972 PURSUANT TO AN UNDERSTANDING SIGNED DURING PRESIDENT NIXoN•s 1969 VISIT TO ROMAtUA. G. UNITY MARKET -- WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL TOUR A TYPICAL ROMANIAN OUTDOOR MARKET. THIS PARTICULAR ONE IS AMONG THE OLDEST IN BUCHAREST, DATHJG FROM THE t 6TH CENTURY. THE MARKET IS PARTICULARLY BUSY AND PICTURESQUE ON SUNDAY MORNINGS, WHEN ;HOUSANDS OF MILL ABOUT THE VEGETABLE STANDS AND ARTisrs• BOOTHS. NEXT TO THE MARKET IS MANuc•s INN, A BEAUTIFULLY RESTORED 19IH CENTURY HUNTING LODGE WHICH HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO A RESTAURANT ANDHOTEL WHERE THE .PRES!-· DENT AND MRS FORD WILL SEE A FOLK DANCING TROUPE PER­ FORM IN THE LARGE INTERIOR COURTYA~D. 2. WISH TO REPEAT SCHEDULE STILL NOT FIRMED UP AND SITES D. THROUGH G. MAY NOT BE INVOLVED IN PROGRAM. MOTORCADE ROUTE . COUNCIL OF STATE AND SPRING PALACE WILL BE IN FINAL SCHEDULE I N ANY CASE...... ,. ·.··· ' " 4 •• 3. N.B. THIS MESSAGE IS CLASSIFIED OWING TO REFERENCES TO PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE STILL UNDER DISCUSSION . DESCRIPTIVE DATA ON INDIVIDUAL SITES CAN BE TREAT ED AS UNCLASSIFIED I F NOT TIED TO PRESIDENT I AL SCHEDU LE.BARNES BT #3554

~ONFIDENTIAL

. . TELEGRAM N C 0 M N 6

· ~fr. . CONFIDENTIAL AMEMBASSY BONN .l \...~~~ VV FHU409EHR99 7 4\1"'• 00 RUFHOL ·004740 DE RUDKAR #3525 2060742 ZNY CCCCC ZZH S 0 250705Z JUL 75 ZFf4 -so~ j FM AMEMBASSY BUCHRESTS f~~~ J~ AMfu~BASSY BONN IMMEDIATE !523 IMMEDIATE: C 0 N F I D E N T I A L BUCHAREST 3525

FOR WHITE HOUSE ADVANCE PARTY JUL LJ 8 55 Mi '75 CM E.O. 11652:GDS '()L TAGS: OVIP (GC:RALD FORD> SUBJECT: PROPOSED SCHEDULE- DEPARTURE FROM SINAI A CON :ON IT SEEMS AS THO!JlH THERE MAY BE DIFFICULTY USING HELi COPTERS IN SI NA IA. THEREFORE, WE ARE FORWARDUll PROPOSED SCHEDULE BASED 0 N RETURN 'ER FROM Sli~AIA BY TRAIN • . WE 00 HAVE SCHEDULE LOCALLY l&F - IN THE EVE~! HELICOPTERS ARE USED. GE PARTURE TIME i'I' FROM SINAIA OOES NOT VARY SIGNIFICANTLYi :ao :OM ·PROPOSED SCHEDULE IAX ~so THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD'S VISIT TO SI NAIA, OOMANIA ICO ISIS AUGUST 3, 19.75

8:30 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTO ZADE AT SPRING PALACE.

~AAG PRESS POOL COVERAGE ~LO lOLB MOTORCADE DEPARTS SPRING PALACE EN ROUTE AMBASSADOR'S tAFLO RESIDENCE. \llBT , (DRIVIr~ TIME: 5 MINUTES> ~FPLD I :UPLO I - 1 8:35 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE. POL AD! THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY: AMBASSADOR HARRY PARNES

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY AMBASSADOR BARNES, POOCEED TO COURTYARD. CRU 1 8:36AM THE PRES!DE~T, MRS. FORD AND AMBASSADOR BARNES. ARRIVE COURTYARD TO GREET AMERICAN COMMUNITY.

8:49 AM THE PRESIDE~T AND MRS. FORD DEPART AMERICAN COMMUNITY RECEPTION EN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDIOO.

CDR! VI Ml TIME: 5 MINUTES>

8.5 5 AM MO TO RCA DE ARHI VES VIP TRAIN STATION.

THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY: PRESIDENT AND MRS. NICOLAE CEAUSESCU

THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, PROCEED EN ROUTE TRAIN FOR BOARDING.

9:00 AM TRAIN DEPARTS BUCHAREST EN ROUTE SlNAlA.

CTRAVELI~ TIME: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES>

J0:30AM TRAIN ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION CVIP ENTRANCE>.

THE PRES I DENT AND MRS. FORD WI L~ BE -kEt BY: '

LOCAL 0 F'F ICIALS

OPEN PRESS COVERAGE

THE PRES! DENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEA USES CU, PROCEED TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARD! NG.

10:35 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE VIA TOUR OF THE CITY.

CDRI Vlt-ll TIME: 15 Ml NUTES>

10 :50 AM MO TO RCA DE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RES! DENCE.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

THE PRESIDENT AND i~RS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT A I MRS. CEA USES CU, PROCEED INS! DE GUEST HOUSE RES I DENCE.

11 :00 AM THE PRES I DENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTORCADE AT FRONT ENTRANCE 0 F GUEST HO USE RE SI DENCE.

MOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SI'NAIA MO NASTARY.

CDRI VI~ TIME: 5 MI NUT ES>

11 :05 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAI A MONASTARY.

THE PRES !DENT AND MRS. FORD WI LL BE MET BY:

CONFIDENTIAL -

.. TELEGR A M N C 0 M N G

Pag"e~ Control f }l{O CONFIDE~TIAL AMEMBASSV BONN

OPEN PRESS COVERAGE

THE PRES! DENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY ------, PROCEED INSIDE ------CHAPEL FOR GREEK 0 RTHO DO X SERVICE IN PROGRESS.

11 :23 AM THE P fiESI DENT AND MRS. FORD DEPART ------CHAPEL EN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDIOO.

11.25 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA MONASTARY EN ROUTE GUEST HOUSE RES! DENCE.

(DRIVING TIME: :> MINUTES>

11:30 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.

THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL oE MET BY:

PRES! DENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU ..... ,". PRESS POOL OJVERAGE

11 :31 AM THE PRESIDENT, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU, PROCEEDS TO THE RECEPTION ROOM.

11 :31 AM MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY MRS. CEAUSESCU PROCEEDS ON FOOT TO PELES CAS TLE.

CQCLKI N3 TIME: 1IZl MI NU TES>

11 :33 AM THE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU ARRIVE RECEPTION ROOM FOR HEAD- TO-HEAD MEET! Ml.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

11 :35 AM HEAD-TO-HEAD MEET I NG BEG I NS.

DURATION: 1 HOUR

12:45 PM LUNCHEON GUESTS ARRIVE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.

1:05 PM HEAD-(:9-iiEAD MEET!~ CONCLUDES.

THE PRES !DENT AND PRES I DENT CEAUSESCU PROCEED TO LUNCHEON ROOM \IHERE THEY WILL BE JOI NED BY MRS. FORD AND MRS. CEAUSESCU TO GREET GUESTS.

PRESS POOL CO VE RAGE

1.10 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, ARE SEA TED.

I: 15 PM LUNCHEON SERVI CE bEG I NS. \iUNFIUtN 1IAL

.. TELEGR A M N C 0 M N G

Page~ Contro~}~ U CONFIDEw~TIAL AMEMBASSY BONN

2 :20 PM PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU OF'J'EHS TOAST.

2KCWT PM THE PRES! DENT OFFERS RESPONSE TOAST.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

2:30 PM PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD ESCORTED BY PRESIJSNT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, PROCEED IO VIEWIMl AREA FOR ROMANIAN F'OLK DANCES.

2:32 PM ROMANIAN FOLK DANCE ' ENTERTAINMENT BEGINS. ,. ... 3 :00 PM EN!ERTAI NMENT CONCLUDES.

3:00 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, AXCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, POOCEEO TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARDif'.6 .

3 :02 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SlNAlA TRAIN STATION. .... (DRIVING Tl ME': 8 MI NU TES> ,;..

3:10 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION.

PRESS POOL COVERAGE

3: 14 PM THE PRES I DENT Al-VD MRS. FORD, ESCGF'QED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, BOARD TRAIN.

3:15 PM TRAIN DEPARTS SINAIA EN ROUTE BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.

(TRAVEL! N3 TIME: 1 HOUR 25 MINUTES>

4:40 PM TRAIN ARRIVES BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.

OP EN PRESS COVERAGE

THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND ~RS#6 :3-73:7, PROCEED IO MOTORCADE FOR BOARD!t-ll .

4:41 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE OTOPENI AIRPORT.

CDRIVIOO TIME: 19 MINUTES>

5:00 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES OTOPENI AIRPORT.

OPEN PRESS COV~RAGE

CROWD SI IUATIO N

THE PRES I DENT, MRS. FORD, PRES I DENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO DEPARTURE CEREMONY.

CONFIDENTIAL

.. G T ~ E GR A M N C 0 M N

AMEMBASSY BONN .. Page_0. Control~- "~1U CONFIDEi~TIAL

5:05 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY BEGINS.

5:15 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY CONCLUDES.

5:15 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO Al R FORCE 0 NE FOR bOARDING.

5:20 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD AIR FORCE ONE.

AIR FORCE ONE DEPARTS OTOPENI AI RPORT, BUCHAREST ROMANIA, EN ROUTE BELG RADE, YUGOSLAV IA• BT #3525

..... • -:-

(ONFIDENTIAL

.. SL+, Suf\, CITY DATES OF VISIT Qyq 2.. - auq 3 Signal tel. I

Probable weather: rn\d -±o bAqh . &Os J vea1. huro\d Events we'll have:

You'll be staying:

Mrs. Ford will be: -rho. ·

Wife of head of state: ()\XS. O\COIOJ?, c.eo l isescu (elem)

STAFF LOCATIONS Patti Pete

Karl Jeanne

PRESS INFORMATION Press hotel _:t:;....r'\;....:..;-+e.r~...:COO=.~*...:.'..:..n..:..:€r)=-.1..:+.;.;:a:;.:...:.,l______f=1r.rl- press center location · Iri±erc.Dt"\-hner-i+a \ , f?orda. b:l\ltoom- £loor- staff room tel t

UPI Network Pool coordntr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

USIS message center ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

KEY CONTACTS ADVANCE TEAM • Mrs. Ford D1CK. Sc.tssors . lead _..:..J""o"""b~aL....L...... ;6~1.u.ld.c.ae-ia ___ _ Jack Ford D1c..1> Sc\SSo\S press fb1cbael fbFfuan Press Aur'1 fe.tl")and.02;-. press trnsptn:v-ko • Drevl1.oq.Q/\ Cl~ley Wills WHCA __..kli_eo.a-.a-L{}J..a.o..6.K:..il""'J..,la____ _

usss --""8oh~o::...-.-c.a~u.u.'1Q..1h1...1.e11...-¥y-­ pjm state -...:0f:...L.L.1(bl.L.L...... ;W~al:::.i...os..:1h~---

. , · 1

--

PROPOSED SCHEDULE MRS. FORD

A.) OPTION I Saturday, August 2 1545 rrival at airport 3:'6 f- tAirport ceremony 1630 Depart airport for motorcade 1715 Arrival at guest house President and Mrs. Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes 1730 Free time 2100 ~ ~pper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu

(Entertainment - songs by Romanian choral group and American .Ambassadors for Friend.ship choral group.)

B. ) OPTION II 1545 Arrival at airport Airport ceremony 1630 Depa.rt airport for motorcade 1715 Arrival at guest house President and Mrs . Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes 1745 Depart for visit to Village Museum or childcare center

1900 Return to guest house Free time

2100 Supper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu

(Eatert&inment - songs by Romanian choral group and American .Ambassadors for Friendship choral group. )

. . I

PROPOSED SCHEDULE MRS. FORD 2

Sunday, August 3rd {Depending on Mrs. Ford's wishes visits could be arranged to one or .more of the following: Folkore Museum

Bucur Church and Radu Voicu Monastery, the Antim.

Monastery, the National Theatre or a._ dance class

rehearsal if one is in session.) A.) OPrION I In Bucharest

1000 Visit the Village Museum {if not done previous day) 1100 Depart Village Museum for the Piata Unire

1115 Arrive at the Pi ata Unire Tour the market place and the Curtea Veche church./

1200 Attend folkmusic dances at Hanu lui Manuc v'

(Joined by President Ford)

1230 *~part for luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford 1300 Luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford 1440 Motorcade to airport 1530 Departure

B. ) OPTION II In

0900 Depart for Urziceni (by helicopter) 0930 Arrival in Urziceni Visit to area heavily damaged by recent flood

. . ,-.

PROPOSED SCHEDULE MRS. FORD 3

1015 Depa.rt for Snagov (by helicopter) 1045 Arrive in Snagov

lll5 Tour Snagov Monastery (with President Ford) 1215 Return to Bucharest

1245 Attend meeting of President with American community

and Embassy employees (possibly in Residence garden)

1300 Attend luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford 144o Motorcade to airport

1530 Departure

C. ) OPTION III In Sinaia

0815 Depart for Sina.is. (by helicopter) 0900 Arrive in Sinaia Walking tour of city

1115 Tour of Peles Castle / 1200 Depart for Bucharest 1245 Meeting with American cormnunity and Embassy employees (possibly in Residence garden)

1300 Luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford 144o Motorcade to airport

1530 Departure

. . CITY BUCHAREST Dates of Visit_~_g~st 2 - ~------~·---

U.S. EMDASSY

Ambassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr. Telephone II 12-40-40 (switchboa.rd) DCM Richard Viets Telephone fl ______PAO Anerilins Fernandez (Aurj) Telephone #______Address · . Ashley Wills - Information Officer Joel Levy-Public Affairs(transportation) Clark Rogers - Administration (hotels) ADVANCE TEAM

Lead John Gildea USSS Bob Caughey WHCA Ken Peku la Aide Press~------Michael Hoffman John Dreylinger

HOST COUNTRY OFFICIALS Agerpresse Information Officer Tuiu (Sue-You) Telephone #______ore: n'>.'in. 11 ~l©f~t Rosianu & Rusu Telephone #14-52-54 & 14-77-65 Secretary/Other______Telephone # respech vely Local TV contact Telephone #~------i... o cal Telephone ------contact______Telephone #______Local Credentials Contact Ashley Wills Telephone #i 2-40-40 Address Also with Foreign-----~------.------Ministry is Rolulus Bene.

HOTEL

Name Intercontinental G~ne ral Manager______Address 4 Nicolae Balcescu Blvd. PR Person Telephone # 13-70-40 or 14-04. - 00 Secpr i ty O!ficer------______Cable Telex------# 011-541-542

e~ j PRESS CENTER I I I Location in Hotel Intercontinental Hotel - Ronda Ballroom, 1st floor .

Telex location Intim Room· 1st floor ______c._ I ______~ ·------. Staff Office Location Rapsodia Room, 1st floor Briefing !loom (if different from press center)___ -l------Secure Storage Roorno:.______...:... ______..:______...;;...... ::._ ____ ~ I I I I I - ·r -·---- ~- --· ------~--~~ -~-- ;-r -·------~--- CITY BUCHAREST------

PRESS CENTER FACII,ITIES

Long Distance Telcphones__ _....2 .... 0.______Are they broadcast qualily? ______Telex Limit on copy accepted? ______H.unner:J Couriers Filn 1 shipment------arrangements ______Payment: Collect Calls? yes International credit cards ? _ __,y~e&s_,.__ _ going through the local operators slows calls immesurably l Irr

COURTESIES Bar & flod will be available set up right outside the ballr oom

Bar: Location______Hours of Operation------Gratis Cash XXXXX

Food: Availability______Hours of availability______Gratis ______Cash XXXXX

Placestoeat1'nhotel._-!:..r~e~s~a~u~r~a~n~s~1n~~o~e~.~~u~~e~r~v~1~c~e'-6..11"--"s~uouw1i....t....~·4•~·~·~·-~ t t ·ht lb ts · 's 1

Currency Exchange Desk: Hours of Operation Cashier at hotel-one exchange ratE Arrival Deparh re for everyone. ------~ Message Center: Hours of Ope ration Paging System_y.i....;::.e.;:.s__ _ Special phone # or thru hotel switchboard thru switchboard Bulletin Board yes for messages & pCB tings

Check cashing facilities: In Hotel______Ainerican Express nearby------~--~ Primarily for staff cashing perdiem checks.

USIS

Transportation Officer Joel Leyy Telephone #__l.2-40-40(switchboard) Press Center Officer Auri & Ashley Telephone fl ______Baggage Officer Christian (?) Tel ephone! #______Hotel Officer Joel Leyy & Ashley Telephone #______,,___

RESPONSIB JLITIES:

I. Press !

"D01nestic," "Foreign, " and "President's Trip" 1give to designated person in Press Secretary's office. I

I I ·---,---·-~ l·--· ,.. __ ... ·--·r.....,.·,...-"\~:-· -

.. 5. Mes ~.rngc Center. (,. MaJ.~c relear.cs, postings and pool reports available on bulletin board and extras. 7, Clocks, 2, Eastern time anc1 Local tin1c. 8. Coonlinatc with JCrnbassy personnel to send back to Washington inforrnation for Pres!' Books: Princjple officials' bios; color background on places the President will visit, sfoy, and rooms in which meetings will be conducted. 9. XEROX machines l 0, Press ro01n lists made avaUablc 11. Guest Lists. 12. Menus. 13. Motorpool dispatcher for Press Office (6 cars).

CREDENTIALS REQUIREMENTS Once again, we NEED lists of passport #'s, nationality of passport, Date of birth, organization Passports Visas boiling for "hlock''visas for press · # of pictures required______Local country credentials yes -need list II of pictures required______Special pool passes probably White House press passes accepted yes -with other credentials Third c'ountry r~strictions? ______Auri Fernandez needs the list of pas sports etc .... to be able to negotiate PO~fi the block visas at the airport and to work on getting credentials in advance.

Volts I Cycle .!:z!..t:ilz~o-'/_..s~o~------Type of plug (number and shape of prongs) two pront round - they are recessed in Converters & adapter plugs available_~v'"'e::;.;s;;.______the wall so should bring special plug adapters.

WEATHER

Temperature: High 80' s Pcrcipitation outlook______-"-r""'a""'1n,_.______,_ __ Spc cial clothing con side rations------+------

DRESS

Any special dress requirements for press and/or Pr ss Office staff? Formal wear for any pool cvcnts___ ....::D=a:.::r..::.k=-=s--=u:.::i..::.t __ -+------

I

I I ,...._.. ______.....,._-.:·~ ------··---...-----.. ------,-- .. ---~"; - ----.-...... ,..--,..-~::-:-- .....- .....

. . •

CITY --~B UCHARES..T____ _

AIRPORT OTO PEN I AIRPORT

Where do prc_•r.s plane~ lancl ------~-~----~ How do press get to press area: walk buses Press <1 rea location Airpoi-t Manager ------~Telephone # Airport Se cnrity Telephone #~------~- Facilities: ------~- Long Distance telephones 10 Telex ~------Runners---,.------~------I Couriers------Film Shipment------Coverage Crowd situation------expectation any efforts made Unusu a.l requirements for ca1neras?------~ dollies? moving? ______-----~--~-----_ Names of greeters______~ Names of welcoming group·s (bands, honor guards etc •• • ) ~------~------

MOTORCADE

Crowd situation expectation Nmn b c r of pre~ s bus es in motorcade------__ h...,o .. p..,.e.._..t~o.______USIS interpreter on each bus_____ .,....______

FINANCES (Who pays? White House, Local Government, USIS)

Press Center Wire 1nachines------(AP, UPI, Reuters) food/bar ------P res s Offices------r-- Pool cars we------negotiate Baggage trucks we negotiate

Buses 1 ------~I~ Communi_c_a_t-io_n_sChoppers ______r--I . Camera platforms------;--- All bills must receive White House approval before 1ayment is made by usrs.

I I _____ ...... ,..__.. ___ ... --· - ..... --....---...... -...... -- ...... -- :""" l

. . "

TRAN::iPOR TATION

Jvlotor .Pool Cars (6 )_ Wire Cars Camera Cars Buses for 150 4 - 2. 5 ton baggage trucks --~~~------~---- Airplane crew minibuses------

SITE LOCATION

Site address Site Contact ------Site Contact------"' Camera platform------Lighting_____ ~~------Number of press allowed Size of pools ------~ ~------

Request color background of meeting rooms (historic significance, description, setting etc••• ) and places the President will visit.

-- ·- --~------· ~-~·~---,'-' .. s·uMMARY st'HEDUtE ' ' 1

DATE MRS. FORD JACK FORI:f'~ Sat 7/26 8:45p Arrive BONN Arrive BONN' 9:30p Arrive guest res. (Schloss Arrive guest res. (Schloss Gymnich) Gymnich) Night tour of Cologne ------~------~------Sun 7/27 Boar hunt (3-6am) 8:45a Depart guest res. w/Pr-esident 9:30a Arrival Ceremony (Schaumberg) lO:OOa Tea w/Mrs. Schmidt (Tea House) Staff time following at Schmidt Residence 12:00n Lunch w/Mrs. Scheel (Hammerschmidt) Depart guest res. enroute Schaumberg helopad­ 1:30p Depart enroute guest res. Depart w/Pres to Ayers 2:15p Arrive guest res. Kaserne (1:15-4:45p) 6:35p Depart guest res. w/President Depart guest res. w/staff 7:15p Courtesy Call on Scheels 7:30p State Dinner, aboard boat State Dinner, aboard boat

Mon 7/28 8:55a Depart guest res. w/President Depart guest res. w/Pres. 9:45a Departure Ceremony, at airport Departure Ceremony, lO:OOa Depart BONN Depart BONN 11:45a Arrive WARSAW Arrive WARSAW Arrival Ceremony at airport Arrival Ceremony - ~ r:oop~ guest res. (Wilanow) & Arrive guest res. courtesy tea 1:40p Depart guest res. Depart guest res. 2:00p State Luncheon, at Council of State Luncheon Ministers Bldg. (ROMANIAN) Tour of Old Town w/President Tour of Old Town 4:25p Depart enroute guest res. Depart enroute guest res. 4:50p Arrive guest res. Arrive guest res. 8:30p State Dinner, at Wilanow (US) Pool party at Amb's res. PAGE 2

DATE MRS. FORD JACK FORD

Tues 7/29 8:35a Depart guest res. w/Pres. 9:ooa. Depart Warsaw Depart Warsaw 9:45a Arrive KRAKOW Arrive KRAKOW lO:lOa Visit Colegium Arnius Visit Colegium Arnius 11:15a Depart enroute castle Walk over to Town Squa~e 11:20a Arrive Wawel Castle Staff time til 12:30p .12: 30p Luncheon at Wawel Castle (US) Luncheon at Wawel Castle 2:00p Depart castle w/Pres Depart castle w/Pres 2~30p Departure Ceremony, Krakow Departure Ceremony 2:35p Depart KRAKOW Depart KRAKOW

6:00p Arrive HELSINKI Arrive HELSINKI . G_:_~ Op Arrive USEmb. res. Arrive USEmb. res. =------Wed 7/30 11:50a Depart Emb. res. w/Pres Depart Emb. res. w/Pres 12:00n Opening session CSCE, Finlandia Opening session CSCE, Hall Finlandia Hall 12:30p Depart Finlandia Hall Depart Finlandia Hall ('1) - > Open Afternoon Trip into the country 7:50p Depart Emb. res~ 8:00p Ladies Dinner, at Smolna. ron - in the country I I I

Thurs 7/31 10:50a Depart Emb. res. Return to Helsinki in am ll:OOa Arrive City Hall for tour of Helsinki sites (Official Womens Program) 12:30p Roat ride Sailing 1:15p Lunch at Walhalla (island restaurant) 3:30p Depart by boat rice · 4:10p Arrive Emb. res. 7:30p/ Govt' Reception w/Pres Gov't Reception w/Pres. 9:30p at Kalastajatorppa restaurant PAGE 3

DATE MRS. FORD JACK FORD I ' I " Fri 8/1 9:15a Depart Emb. res. w/Pres Depart Emb. res. w/Pres 9:25a Arrive Finlandia Hall Arrive Finlandia Hall 9:30a CSCE session CSCE session ll:OOa Depart Finlandia Hall Depart Finlandia Hall

Open Afternoon Visit to Forest Products Co. Open Evening Open Evening

Sat 8/2 11:40a Depart Emb. res. w/Pres Depart Emb. res. w/Pres 12:10p Arrive airport Arrive airport 12:15p Depart HELSI~KI Depart HELSINKI

3:30p Arrive BUCHAREST Arrive BUCHAREST Arrival Ceremony, at airport Arrival Ceremony 4:10p Depart for guest res. (Spring Depart for guest res. Palace) 4:55p Arrive guest res. & visit w/ Mrs. Ceausescu (til 5:15p) 8:10p Depart guest res. 8:20p State Dinner, at Palace of the Republic Marine House in pm ------Depart guest res. w/Pres Arrive USEmb. Res. for mtg w/ cable refJl,\11'\ ell Embassy st2 Depart for SINAIA Depart for SINAIA buc~3573 Arrive SINAIA Arrive SINAIA Motor/walking tour & church Motor/walking tour & p·Z· visit w/Pres Church visit w/Pres PAGE 4

DATE MRS. FORD JACK FORD

Sun 8/3 (cont) Depart SINAIA Depart SINAIA Arrive Bucharest Airport Arrive Bucharest Airport Depart BUCHAREST Depart BUCHAREST

5:20p Arrive BELGRADE Arrive BELGRADE Arrival Ceremony, at airport Arrival Ceremony 6:40p Arrive guest res. (Old Palace) Arrive guest res. 8:45p Depart guest res. Depart guest res. 8:55p Arrive Fed. Office Building Arrive Fed. Office Bldg.

9:00p State Dinner, at Fed. Office State Dinner, at Red. Building Office Bldg.

------' Mon 8/4 Wreath laying Ceremony {lla)

Lunch w/Madame Broz, at Attend Pres' working lune

5:25p Depart guest res. w/Pres Depart guest res. w/Pres. 5:50p Arrive airport Arrive airport Departure Ceremony Departure Ceremony 6:00p Depart BELGRADE enroute U.S. Depart BLEGRADE enroute US

I ' I August 2, 1975 0145

BUCHAREST, ROM.ANIA INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL INFORMATION

Welcome to the Intercontinental Hotel. We hope your stay will be·most enjoyable. If you have any questionsfi call Mr. Wayman in the State Control Room by dialing 11 9 1 on the hotel phone and then asking for Room 1521, or by asking your White House operator for the 11 Control Room." VISITORS" CENTER

For your convenience, a visitors 1 center is located in Room 1522. ROOM SERVICE Room service is available 24 hours a day. Dial 11 2 11 on the hotel phone in your room. English is spoken. MEALS IN HOTEL Break.fast Lunch Dinner 6:30 am 12:00 pm TRANSPORTATION During your stay in Bucharest, you will have use of ~~ vehicle#'OAsk the ~mite House operator for i..heuin~ntinental Dts:watcher11 or dial "911 on the hotel nhone and ask for "2060. ba®round noiE__.. Romania

department of state * april 1975

OFFICIAL NAME: Socialist Republic of Romania

GEOGRAPHY eastern regions of the middle Danube for Russian expansion in the basin. It lies on · either side of the and the Mediterranean basin. Extending inland halfway across mountain system-the Carpathians and Romania's location gives it a def­ the Balkan Peninsula and covering a the Transylvanian Alps-which forms, initely continental climate, partic­ large elliptical area of 91,699 square with the Balkan Mountains, the nat­ ularly in the Old Kingdom (that part miles, Romania occupies the greater ural barrier between the two Danube east of the Carpathians and south of part of the V-shaped lower basin of basins. In the past two centuries the Transylvanian Alps), where tem­ the Danube River system and the hilly Romania has served as the natural gate peratures approximate the extremes of the Russian climate, and to a lesser degree in , where the cli­ PROFILE Supreme Court, county courts, people's mate is more moderate. A long and at courts. times severe winter (December-March), Geography FLAG: Three vertical bands from left to a hot summer (April-July), and a pro­ right-blue for sky,yellow for wealth of soil, longed autumn (August-November)­ AREA: 91,699 sq. mL (somewhat small· red for courage. Centered is a coat of arms er than N. Y. and Pa. combined). PERIM­ depicting mountain forest and wheat field, these are the three principal seasons ETER: Land 1,845 mi. Sea 140 mi. CAP· with a red star atop the emblem. of the year. The change from winter to IT AL: Bucharest (pop. 1.6 million). summer is so rapid that there is very OTIIER CITIES: Ouj (208,125), Timisoara Economy little springtime. At Bucharest the (199,987), Iasi (193,998). GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP): daily minimum temperature in Jan· $34.1 billion (1973, in 1972 prices). AN­ uary averages 20°F and the daily max­ People NUAL GROWfH RATE: 8.8% (1973). PER imum in July averages 85°F. CAPITA INCOME: $1,630. POPULATION: 20.9 million (1974 est). AGRICULTURE: Land 63%. Labor PEOPLE ANNUAL GROWfH RATE: .96%. DEN· 42%. Products-com, wheat, oil seeds, SITY: 228 per sq. mi. ETHNIC GROUPS: potatoes. About 88 percent of the people are Romanians (87.7%), Magyar (8.5%), Ger· INDUSTRY: Labor 28%. Products­ ethnically Romanian, a group which, in mans (2%), Jews, Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians, power, mining, forestry, construction mate­ contrast to that of Slav or Magyar Greeks, Turks. RELIGIONS: Romanian rials, metal pruducing and processing, chem· Orthodox (80%), Roman Catholic (9%), icals, machine building, food processing, (Hungarian) neighbors, is traced back Calvinist, Jewish, Lutheran. LANGUAGES: textiles. to ancestors closely related to the Romanian (85%), Hungarian, German. NATURAL RESOURCES: Oil, timber, French, Italians, Spanish, and other LITERACY: 98%. LIFE EXPECTANCY: natural gas, coal. "Latins." As a result, the Romanian 70yrs. TRADE: Exports-$3.74 billion (1973): language, although containing many foodstuffs, lumber, fuel, manufactures. elements of Slavic, Turkish, and other Government lmports-$3.5 billion (1973): machinery, origins, is loosely related to those of equipment, rolled steel, iron ore, coke and , , Portugal, and Spain. TYPE: Communist. DATE OF CONSTI· coking coal, cotton. Partners-Soviet Union, Romania was a Roman colony during TUTION: August 21, 1965. POLITICAL Federal Republic of Germany. the first and second centuries, and SUBDIVISIONS: 40 Counties (includes city OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE: 12 of Bucharest). lei=US$1 (Jan. 1975). modern Romanians consider them· BRANCHES: Executive-President MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL selves descendants of the Roman civil­ (Chief of State), Prime Minister (Head of ORGANIZATIONS: U.N. and most of its ization. Hungarian and German are Government), Council of Ministers. Legisla­ specialized agencies, Council of Mutual also spoken in the country. tive-unicameral Grand National Assembly Economic Assistance (CEMA), Warsaw Pact, The minority population resides in (GNA) and its Council of State. Judicial- Danube Commission, Interpol. Transylvania or areas to the north and 3

J Romania was considered the most provided for substantial payments of READING LIST Gallicized; the French language, along war reparations to the Soviet Union. with Romanian, was compulsory in Soviet occupation forces supported These titles are provided as a general the schools. In 1948 the Romanian Communist organizers, and the non­ indication of the material currently be· Government closed all French and F as cis t, non-Communist political ing published on this country. The De­ other Western-operated schools and leaders were purged. In March 1945 partment of State does not endorse the took stringent measures to eliminate King Michael was forced to appoint a specific views in unofficial publications as representing the position of the U.S. all French and other Western cultural Communist-front government which Government. and educational influences from the called for elections in November of country, substituting in their place the that year and consolidated Communist American University. Area Hand­ Russian language and Soviet institu­ power. The King abdicated under pres­ book for Romania. Washington, tions. At present, however, Russian is sure in December 1947 when the Ro­ D.C.: U.S. Government Printing no longer compulsory, and French and manian People's Republic was declared. Office, 1972. English are widely studied. With their accession to power, the Cretzianu, Alexander, ed. Captive Romania was an independent king­ Communists effectively subordinated Romania. New York: Praeger, dom from 1881 until December 30, national Romanian interests to those 1956. 1947, when the Communist-domin­ of the U.S.S.R. Since late 1961, how­ Fischer-Galati, Stephen A. The New ated government forced the abdication ever, Romanian has Romania. Cambridge: Massachu­ of young King Michael. Before 1947 assumed an increasingly nationalistic setts Institute of Technology Romania had a series of governments cast. On April 22, 1964, the govern­ Press, 1967. dominated by a land-owning aristo­ ment in effect declared its political Fischer-Galati, Stephen A., ed. cracy, based only nominally on a lib­ independence of the Soviet Union, and Romania. New York: Praeger, eral constitutional system, with a de a change in Romania's foreign policy 1957. facto limitation of suffrage. In the has resulted. Floyd, David. Rumania-Russia's 44 44 - . 1 930's an anti-Semitic, anti-Soviet, A new Constitution was adopted in Dissident Ally. New York: Prae­ Fascist Iron Guard movement first 1965. It provided that the name of the ger, 1965. threatened and then achieved control country be changed to the Socialist Hale, Julian. Ceausescu's Romania. of the government, taking Romania Republic of Romania. London: Harkar, 1971. ROMANIA into World War II on the side of the In February 1968 a sweeping re­ Ionescu, Ghita. Communism in Axis Powers. A Social Democratic organization of the administrative BU~GARIA -- International boundary Rumania, 1944-1962. London: @ National capital Party, which controlled the small labor structure and territorial division was Oxford University Press, 1964. Railroad movement, was tolerated by the mon­ carried out. The new territorial divi­ Road J owitt, Kenneth. Re11olutionary archy but never had political power. sion was reminiscent of that existing Breakthroughs and National 0 25 so 75 100 Miles SOFIA~ - 1--...... 1.,., ...... ~ ...... --~--~ A coup d'etat led by King Michael before the imposition of the Soviet­ Development: The Case of Ro­ O 25 50 15 I 00 KilometerJ and opposition politicians, with the style regime. m an ia, 1944-1965. Berkeley: j support of the army, deposed the Iron ' 22 University of California Press, Guard dictatorship on August 23, GOVERNMENT 1971. 517528 2-75 1944 (Romania's national holiday). Montias, John Michael. The Eco· An armistice, secretly negotiated in Romania is governed by a central­ nomic Development of Ro­ advance at Cairo, was signed Sep­ west of Transylvania. Among the prin­ following a policy designed to disperse HISTORY ized executive appointed by the legis- mania. Cambridge: Massachu­ tem ber 12 and brought Romanian cipal minorities are the , and assimilate these minorities grad­ 1a tive branch, the Grand National setts Institute of Technology forces into the war, on the side of the Germans, and Jews, with smaller ually despite their desires for a degree Romania has had 23 centuries of ) Assembly. Real power, however, lies in Press, 1967. Allies, against the Germans in Tran­ numbers of Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians, of communal autonomy. The Jewish violent and dramatic history. From the leadership of the Romanian Com­ Roberts, Henry L. Rumania. New sylvania, , and Czechoslovakia. Greeks, and Turks. community has been reduced in recent about 200 B.C., when it was first munist Party (RCP; until July 1965, Haven: Yale University Press, Before World War II minorities years as a result of emigration to colonized by the Dacians (a Thracian The peace treaty, signed at Paris on the Romanian Workers' Party), and 1951. represented more than 28 percent of Israel. tribe), to the present day this territory February 10, 1947, and entered into this leading role of the party has been Seton-Watson, R. W. A History of the total, but that percentage was Religious allegiances generally fol­ has been the scene of many invasions force on September 14, 1947, con­ written into the Constitution. the Romanians from the Roman halved in large part by the loss of the low ethnic lines with about 80 percent and many migrations. It has been con­ firmed the Soviet annexation of The three principal branches of the Times to the Completion of border areas of and north· of all Romanians nominally belonging quered and ruled by various peoples Bessarabia and northern , government are the Grand National Unity. Cambridge: Cambridge ern Bukovina (to the U.S.S.R.) and to the . who have left their mark on the coun­ originally occupied after a 1940 ulti­ Assembly with its Council of State; an University Press, 19 3 9. southern (to Bulgaria), as well The Greek Catholic or Uniate Church, try and its inhabitants. Today the matum to Romania, and ceded a executive consisting of a Council of as by postwar expulsions of ethnic to which about 10 percent of the Romanians form an island between the largely Bulgar-populated area of south­ Ministers, operating ministries, and population for regular terms of 5 years Germans. However, in Transylvania, populace belonged, was incorporated Slavic and the Hungarian peoples. ern Dobruja to Bulgaria. It also re­ state committees; and a judiciary. which may be extended in times of which was part of pre-1918 Hungary, into the Romanian Orthodox Church Before the postwar Communist incorporated into Romania that Like the 1952 Constitution which emergency. Romania retains areas where the by fiat in 1948. Roman Catholics, regime, Romania looked to the West­ portion of northern Transylvania it replaced, the Constitution of 1965 Although the GNA is theoretically ethnic "minority" sometimes makes largely Magyar, constitute about 9 per­ ern countries, particularly France, for granted to Hungary in 1940 under the provides for a unicameral Grand the primary legislative body of the up three-fourths of the local popula­ cent of the population; Calvinists, cultural, educational, scientific, and Second Vienna Award imposed by National Assembly (GNA). Its 349 Socialist Republic of Romania and the tion and is therefore politically signif­ Jews, and Lutherans comprise most of social inspiration and development. German and Italian arbitration be­ members are elected from single­ "supreme organ of state power," until icant. The Romanian Government is the remaining 11 percent. Among all the Balkan countries, tween Romania and Hungary and member electoral precincts of equal recently it met for only a few days 5 4 ( ( altering the territorial divisions of the Following the July 1972 National Principal Government Officials government and its policies. Increasing has abundant natural resources, good TRAVEL NOTES country; and granting amnesties. The Party Conference, several combined numbers of persons from those strata possibilities for expansion, and a Com­ party and state bodies were formed to President-Nicolae Ceausescu GNA follows party policies on all Prime Minister-Manea Manescu previously most antagonistic to the munist government determined to Many foreign tourist agencies arrange these matters. control a wide variety of party and system-intellectuals and agricultural show continued impressive growth travel and hotel reservations in advance The bulk of the legislative work is government activities, further eroding Vice President of Council of State­ Emil Bodnaras workers-have joined the Romanian rates and maintain a large measure of for groups or individuals. The official performed by the Council of State, a the authority of the Council of Min­ Communist Party. The party's mem­ political and economic independence. Romanian travel agency, Carpati, has an Minister of Foreign Affairs-George permanent body elected from and by isters. The Supreme Council for bership rose in 1965-73 from 1.3 mil­ Romania has one of the highest annual office at 500 5th Ave., Room 328, New Macovescu the GNA for the duration of the Economic and Social Development, lion to almost 2.4 million, representing GNP growth rates in Europe (8.8 York City. headed by President Ceausescu, was Minister of Foreign Trade-Ion Patan Assembly's mandate and until the time almost 20 percent of the total popula­ percent in 1973). Visas are available, without fee, from established in 1973 to coordinate Ambassador to the U.S.-Corneliu a new Council is elected by a new tion. Its main economic goals are the Romanian Consulates or on arrival. Be social and economic planning-both Bogdan GNA. It acts when the GNA is not in The political leadership since the rapid development of industrial capa­ aware, however, of a recently enacted short and long term. Other new party Ambassador to the U.N.-Ion Datcu requirement that each visitor. spend the session. The Council consists of a late 1950's has been remarkably city and output, especially in heavy and state organs are the Council for equivalent of $10 in hard currency each president, four vice presidents, 22 industry; continued state ownership of Social and Economic Organizations (to Romania maintains an Embassy in stable, and the passage of power from day in Romania. Retain receipts for all members, and a secretary elected by ( ( industrial facilities and collectivization control the size and functions of min­ the United States at 1607 23d Street, long-time party/government chief money exchanges and other expend­ and from its members. The Council is Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who died in of agriculture; rapid improvement of itures carefully for presentation on de­ istries and economic enterprises) and NW., Washington, D.C. 20008. constitutionally accountable for all its 196 5, to Nicolae Ceausescu was technology and diversification of parture. the Central Council of Workers' Con­ activities to the GNA. Its president is evidently smooth and uncomplicated. industrial production; and, since 1963, trol over Economic and Social Ac­ POLITICAL CONDITIONS Climate-Romania has hot Mediter· the President of the Republic. On Ceausescu's 10 years in office (party reduction of economic dependence on tivities (to police fulfillment of Eco­ ranean summers and rather cold winters March 28, 1974, Nicolae Ceausescu chief since 1965, Chief of State since any single country or group of coun­ with low humidity. was elected to this position as the nomic Plan targets). Romanians are accustomed, from As defined by the Constitution, the long experience, to the rule of small December 1967 and President of the tries through an expansion of trade Health-Normal immunization precau­ country's first President. Republic since 1974) have been char­ with many states. tions include smallpox, tetanus, typhus, Within constitutional limits, the functions of the judiciary are limited minorities susceptible to the influence of outsiders. The transition immedi­ acterized, on the domestic scene, by a -Most of the increase in GNP has typhoid/paratyphoid, and polio. Council has the power to issue decrees to "defending the Socialist order and personal rights, educating citizens to ately after World War II from the pro­ slowly improving living standard and come from growth of industrial pro­ Te I e communications-Local telephone and decisions with the force of law. popular acceptance of the independent duction, which has more than doubled The other powers of the Council the respect of law," and, by applying German dictatorship of service is automatic and fairly depend· foreign policy of the Romanian leader­ since 19 5 9. This has been a result of able. International telephone and tele­ closely parallel those of the GNA. sanctions, "reeducating lawbreakers to the dictatorship of Moscow-trained ship. the high priority placed on the main graph connections are generally good, Since the Assembly only meets a few and preventing the commission of new Communists was relatively rapid. There has been no evidence of arty economic goals; high rate of invest­ but there may be delays in placing calls. days each year, the "power of state" is infractions." None of the courts-the Internally, the new government fol­ prospective change in Romania's ment at the expense of consumption; actually exercised by the Council. Supreme Court, the county courts, the ( ( lowed the Soviet example of agricul­ Transportation-Bucharest has many in· policy of independence within the increased availabilities of inputs from expensive, but often crowded, buses and The Constitution defines the people's courts, etc.-has the authority tural collectivization and forced indus­ to review the constitutionality of laws. trialization accompanied by a re­ Communist system, its neutrality in agriculture and imports; growth of the streetcars. Taxis are fairly inexpensive. Council of Ministers as the "supreme the Sino-Soviet dispute, or its active Driving to Bucharest from December The Supreme Court guarantees uni­ modeling of the state along totalitarian industrial labor force; and large administrative organ" of the state. The development of relations with non­ through February is not advised, as formity of procedures by supervision Communist lines. imports of advanced technology and Council is formally appointed by and Communist governments. Responsible mountain passes can be hazardous. theoretically subordinate to the and decision in procedural matters. A general "de-" of the equipment, particularly from indus­ Otherwise, the main roads are reasonably The Supreme Court is elected anew country began in 1961 as the Roman­ officials have repeatedly declared that trialized non-Communist countries. Assembly. In fact, however, it exe­ these policies will be continued. good. Rail and air facilities are also avail· cutes the policies established by the by each GNA and is responsible to it ian leadership displayed increasing The backwardness of agriculture able for both domestic and international leadership of the Communist Party. and, between sessions, to the Council independence of the Soviet Union. and the low productivity of agricul­ travel. The daily Wiener-Walzer Express The Council is composed of the Prime of State. Theoretically, judges and The growth of political in ECONOMY tural labor continue to be serious eco­ and the Orient Express from Vienna take assessors (lay judges) are independent recent years has been accomplished by nomic problems in Romania. The agri­ roughly 20 hours to reach Bucharest. Minister (Head of Government), vice premiers (presently seven), and min­ and subject only to the law. some relaxation of internal restric­ After the Communist takeover in cultural sector has recently received isters and heads of various other cen­ The office of the Chief Public tions-evidenced most concretely by 1945, Romania set up a command much greater attention. The govern­ Prosecutor, an important institution the 1964 and 1967 amnesties which economy, patterned after the highly ment's 1971-75 economic plan called each year and, in practice, performed tral administrative organs. borrowed from the U.S.S.R., is also released nearly all political prisoners centralized and controlled Soviet for an ambitious increase of 11-12 per­ little actual legislative work. It dis­ The Constitution gives the Council ( given constitutional status. The Chief ( and reduced or rescinded prison sen­ model. A conservative economic cent annually in industrial production, cussed briefly the main laws placed of Ministers extensive powers to carry Public Prosecutor is vested with the tences of others. As its dependence on reform aimed primarily at improved but the plan was revised in late 1972 before it and normally adopted ~hem out the state economic plan, manage "supreme supervisory power to insure Soviet backing has decreased, the gov­ planning and management rather than to raise these figures slightly. Emphasis unanimously. Since 1969 the GNA's the country's economy, insure public the observance of the law by ministries ernment's attention to the problem of structural or substantive changes was will remain on heavy industry, but the sessions have been somewhat mo1 e order, defend the interests of the state, and other central organs, by the local popular support has increased. Re­ introduced in 1968. Romania is a plan does call for a substantial increase lengthy. There has been some open protect the rights of the citizens, run organs of state power and administra­ cently there has been stress on assuring member of the Council for Mutual in resources devoted to agriculture. debate and small numbers of votes the country's armed forces and mili­ tion, as well as by officials and other the legality of security methods, but Economic Assistance (CEMA), but in against government measures. It is pre­ tary conscription, conduct foreign Among the East European coun­ citizens," and is appointed by each the extensive police and internal keeping with its nationalistic and rela­ tries Romania is second only to Poland mature, however, to state that the affairs, and suspend decisions of the Assembly for a term equal to that of security apparatus· has maintained a GNA is evolving into a truly demo­ county people's councils which do not tively independent foreign economic in area and population and has long powerful impact on Romanian life. cratic parliament. The GNA is charged conform to the law. In the fulfillment the Assembly. policy, Romania maintains its right to been one of the important corn and For territorial/administrative pur­ Since 1864 the Romanians have per­ with electing the President of the Re­ of its functions, the Council of Min­ decide on participation or nonpartici­ wheat growing countries of Europe poses, Romania is divided into 39 mitted a sharp increase in cultural rela­ public, the Council of State, the isters is authorized to issue decisions pation in CEMA multilateral activ­ and an important producer of oil, counties and the city of Bucharest. tions with the West, although the level Supreme Court, the Chief Public and orders. In March 1969 a Defense ities, and it has resisted supranational timber, and more recently of natural Each county is governed by a People's remains low in absolute terms. Prosecutor, and the Council of Min­ Council was formally set up to take planning on the ground that planning' gas. The principal emphasis of postwar Council, whose chairman is also the Emphasis on Romanian national is a national prerogative. isters. Its other powers include amend­ over many of the prerogatives of the economic programs has been on heavy First Secretary of the county's Com­ interests and traditions has been met Although still one of the least de­ ing the Constitution; creating, abolish­ Council of Ministers with regard to industry, including power, mining, munist Party organization. veloped countries of Europe, Romania ing, merging, and renaming ministries; defense matters. by growing popular acceptance of the forestry operations, construction 6 7 ( ( Romania's second largest trading part­ The Romanians describe their for­ materials, metal production and pro­ the legations in both countries to Romanian library in New York. The sescu again visited the United States. In ner is the Federal Republic of Ger­ eign policy as one of amicable rela­ cessing, chemicals, and machine build­ embassies. Limited progress on prob­ American cultural center, opened in addition to talks with President Nixon many. Since 1960 Romania has re­ tions with all countries, regardless of ing. These industries now account for lems involving divided families and 1972, contains a well-stocked library and Secretary Kissinger, he met with ceived substantial credits from Western differing social systems; noninter­ about three-fifths of the gross indus­ dual nationals has since been made, of American literature and reference congressional leaders and with officials Europe. Romania's economic national­ ference in the internal affairs of other trial output. The rapid expansion of but this remains a difficult issue. materials, exhibition rooms, and a of leading American financial institu­ ism and refusal to resign itself to a role states; the pursuit of peace; and the machine building is a key part of the The volume of two-way trade has theater for concerts, stage and film tions. During the visit a joint U.S.­ advancement of Romanian national industrial process; that industry alone as supplier of unfinished or semifin­ risen from approximately $2 million showings, and lectures. Romanian Statement of Principles and interests. The record bears them out. accounts for about one-fourth of the ished products to the Communist bloc in 1963 to slightly over $400 million In the spring and summer of 1970 an agreement on the establishment of They have maintained proper relations gross industrial product. is a primary cause of its estrangement in 1974. Trade relations began to Romania was hit by a series of disas­ a U.S.-Romanian Economic Commis­ with the Soviets while rejecting Soviet Light industry occupies a relative from the Soviet Union. improve after the favorable revision of tero us floods. The prompt and gen­ sion were signed. In November 1974 domination both directly and indi­ position in the economy much dimin­ U.S. export licensing procedures for erous response of the U.S. Govern­ Secretary Kissinger visited Bucharest rectly. They have given at least ished from prewar years when it sup­ Romania in 1964. Subsequently there ment and private Americans to at the invitation of Foreign Minister FOREIGN RELATIONS implicit support to national Commu­ plied about two-thirds rather than the has been a steady increase in the Romania's plight has been a highly Macovescu. During this visit the two nist regimes in preference to those that ( ( present two-fifths pf industrial output. Since the early l 960's Romania has number of Romanian economic del­ important contribution to U.S.­ governments reaffirmed the Statement Food processing and textiles lead light appear over-responsive to Soviet policy. increasingly asserted its national sov­ egations to the United States and of Romanian relations. of Principles and the joint Statement industry, with production and com­ Their participation in Soviet-sponsored ereignty and has sought closer ties visits to Romania by U.S. economic In October 1970 President on Economic, Industrial, and sumption of durable consumer goods international Communist activities has with non-Communist countries. Major officials and businessmen. In 1971 Ceausescu combined attendance at the Technical Cooperation signed in 1973 being rather low. Consumer goods are been unpredictable. Their former For­ disputes with the U.S.S.R. have arisen U.S. export controls were liberalized 25th Anniversary Session of the and agreed to open discussions for the receiving somewhat more attention in eign Minister, Corneliu Manescu, was over Soviet proposals in 1962 to sub­ even further, and following congres­ United Nations with an extensive visit negotiation of a trade agreement as current plans, but continued heavy the first Communist official ever to be ordinate Romanian economic develop­ sional authorization, the President of the United States which included well as one on long-term economic emphasis on a high rate of investment elected President of the U.N. General ment to a supranational planning body designated Romania as eligible for U.S. talks in Washington with President cooperation. sharply limits expansion in this area. Assembly. within CEMA. In a "declaration of Export-Import Bank credits and facil­ Nixon. The exchange of visits between Romania is a member of the Gen­ Principal U.S. Officials Although not as dependent on independence" of April 22, 1964, the ities. Early in 1972 Overseas Private Presidents Ceausescu and Nixon were eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; foreign trade as other East European Romanian leadership sharply criticized Investment Corporation (OPIC) facil­ followed by a significant increase in Ambassador-Harry G. Barnes, Jr. it joined the International Monetary countries and largely self-sufficient in these proposals and emphasized the ities were granted providing for guar­ visits by American cabinet officers and Deputy Chief of Mission-Richard N. Fund and the Internatfonal Bank for foodstuffs and fuels, the development right of each Communist Party to antees of U.S. private investments in Romanian ministers, parliamentarians Viets of Romanian industry requires imports work out its own policies in all fields Reconstruction and Development in of the two countries, governors and Army Attache-Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell December 1972. Although a member Romania. of technology, machinery, equipment, on the basis of national self-interest. ( ( High-level contracts between U.S. mayors, and leaders in education, Air Attache-Lt, Col. Jerome F. Welsh of the Warsaw Pact, Romania has and industrial materials, principally Romania consistently followed this and Romanian leaders have multiplied science, culture, and the arts. Public Affairs Officer-Aurelius Fer- shown reluctance to participate with rolled steel, iron ore, coke and coking policy during the Czechoslovak crises with the growth of friendly relations In July 1972 William P. Rogers nandez troops in Pact maneuvers abroad or to coal, and cotton. An increase in in the summer of 1968; it publicly despite continuing political differ­ became the first U.S. Secretary of Economic Affairs Officer-Richard permit such maneuvers in Romania. imports has forced expansion of tradi­ criticized and did not participate in ences. In August 1969 President Nixon State ever to pay an official visit to Scissors tional exports of food, lumber, and the invasion of that country by the paid an official visit to Romania, the Romania. While there he signed a Con­ Political Affairs Officer-Edward A. U.S.-ROMANIA RELATIONS fuel in order to reduce trade deficits. Soviet Union and other members of first by a U.S. President to Eastern sular Convention to facilitate the pro­ Mainland Manufactures, including a wide variety the Warsaw Pact. After a 15-year period of cool re­ Europe since World War II. During tection of U.S. citizens and property Consular Officer-Anthony C. Perkins of capital equipment, have lately Since J964 the Romanian leader­ straint, U.S.-Romanian relations began that visit an agreement was reached in Romania. The U.S. Embassy in Romania is accounted for about one-quarter of ship has frequently taken positions on to improve in 1960 with the signing of providing for the establishment of a In December 1973, at the invitation located at Strada Tudor Argezhi No. 9, exports. In 1973 imports were about international issues markedly different an agreement providing for partial res­ U.S. library in Bucharest and a of President Nixon, President Ceau- Bucharest. $3.5 billion and exports $3.74 billion. from those taken by the Soviet Union. titution of American property claims. Before World War II less than one­ These have included, among many In the same year, notes between the fifth of Romania's trade was with others: neutrality in the Sino-Soviet two governments on cultural, scien­ nations now comprising the Soviet dispute; recognition of the Federal tific, and educational exchanges were ( ( bloc, and half of that amount was with Republic of Germany in January traded. This arrangement has been up­ Czechoslovakia. Since 194 7 annual 1967; an independent line on the dated biennially, and in December trade with the Sino-Soviet countries 1967 Arab-Israel war; a continued 1974 the two governments signed a has been as high as 86 percent. Increas­ "balanced" view on the Middle East far-ranging 5-year agreement on cul­ DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7890 ingly, however, Romania is turning to generally, which includes maintenance tural and scientific exchanges. The Revised April 1975 trade with non-Communist countries. of diplomatic relations with Israel; increase in cultural and scientific rela­ From 1959 to 1969 the non-Commu­ initial dissent from the Soviet position tions has been accompanied by a Office of Media Services nist share of Romanian trade increased on a nonproliferation treaty; a formal marked growth in the number of U.S. Bureau of Public Affairs three to four times as fast as the Com­ approach to the European Common citizens traveling privately to munist countries' share, and in 1973, Market for trade preferences in 1972; Romania. Communication has also Romania became the first Warsaw Pact and an independent position regarding been facilitated by the operation of country to conduct more than half of the convocation of European and information programs by the U.S. its trade with non-Communist nations. "World" Congresses of Communist Embassy in Bucharest. (Cultural and Less than 25 percent of Romania's parties in 1974 and 1975. On several information bulletins have been dis­ ( trade is with the Soviet Union, which occasions Romania has taken and tributed since 1963.) is the most important supplier of iron defended completely independent High-level talks at Washington, D.C. ore, coke, and other raw materials. positions in the United Nations. in 1964 were followed by elevation of ' let-~ '1o_ Ae:L. ~'9 dail~ -frza.n ILjtzia.&-.. ~~

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. . PHPJ\SES

English Romani cm Good day Buna ziua (boonah zeewa) Goodbye L.:t revedere ( lah ray va <'1.ai reh) Goodnight Buna seara How do you do Ce mai faceti (cheh migh fahchayts) Come in Intrati (Intratsi) Excuse me Scuzati-ma (skoozahtsy-mer) Yes I No Da (dah) I Nu (noo) Please Va rog (ver rogh)

Thank you Mul tu1.::iesc (Mool tsoosmesk) Very good or Very nice Foartc Bine (fwartay binay) It is very beautiful Foarte frumos este How much does this cost? Cit costa acesta? Where is ... Unde este (oonday yehstay)

Bathroom (men, women) Sala de bae (~omni, dames)

Do you speak English Vorbiti englezeste

- USEFUL TRl~~SPOR~hTION PHRZ\SES

English Romanian

I. LOCATIONS I. DESTINnTII

A. Otopeni Airport A. Aeroportul Otopeni B. Train Station B. Gara c. Spring Palace C. Palatul Primaverii D. Council of State Palace D. Palatul Consiliului de Stat E. I.merican Embassy E. ~.robasada Americana F. Intercontinental Hotel F. Hotel Intercontinen.tal G. Oorobanti Hotel G. Hotel Dorobanti H. Village Museum H. Muzeul Satului I. Church I. Biserica J. Park J. Pare K. Sightseeing K. Plimbare II. PHP.l'....SES II. EXPRESII A. Take me to the ! . Duceti-ma la B. Wait for me B. n.st0ptati-ma c. Meet me at (time) c. Ne intilnim la (ora) o. Meet me at (place) o. Ne intilnim la (locul) E. Where is the telephone? E. Unde este telefonul? F. Come back at (time) F. Va intoarceti la (ora) G. Come back at (place) G. Va intoarceti la (locul) H. Please wait a minute H. Va rog sa asteptati un minut I. Stop here I. Opriti aici J. Can you hurry, I'm late J. Grabiti-va, am intirziat III. TIMES III. OP..E

1 AM 1 PM l dimineata 1

Please read the English version of what you want to say and then point out the Romanian version to the driver. SINAIA This delightfully picturesque Alpine resort is situated 127 km north of Bucharest. The town grew up around and takes its name from the late 17th Century Roman­ ian Orthodox Monastery which is patterned after St. Catherine's on Mt. Sinai. In the 19th Century nobles from all over southeastern Europe used to spend their summers there. Now the in­ habitants of nearby Bucharest and Ploiesti flock to Sinaia during the sununer to escape the heat and hubbub of the city. In addition to hiking, camping and picnicking in the ecol shaded woods, they come to admire the German Renaissance splendor of Peles Castle, to reflect on the meaning of centuries of reliqious and social history con­ tained within the walls of the Romanian Orthodox Monastery, and to sample the folk crafts sold in stalls by represent­ atives of nearby cooperatives.

THE MONASTERY OF SINP~IA The Monastery of Sinaia, at thnt time comprising only the small chapel and its surrounding walls, was dedicated on August 15, 1695, bearing St. Mary as its patron Saint. The chapel is a direct, but somewhat smaller, copy of St. Catherine's Church on Mt. Sinai. The monastery was originally built as a fortress because of the unsettled political an0. military situation of the time arid served as a refuge for the families of the builder, the Romanian Prince of , and ethers under his protection. It is interesting to note that although the small chapel was built by unknown Romanian peasants, it was painted by the most f arnous Romanian church painter - Pervu Hutu. The painting is al fresco. It w<:!.s restored in 1795. In 1846, the larger church was built within the con­ fines of tha monastery tc accommo0ate the growing number of monks who joined the monastery. In 1958 the monastery became a retreat for the heac.s of the P.omaniwi Orthodox Church The larve church, like all Romanian Orthodox churches, follows a uniform pattern of constructit.n. ' The 'fir~t Romanian element one notices is the open veranda in front of the entrance -- a folklore element taken from the peasants' he-uses.

. . The first room inside the church is called the exonarthex. It is also called the Room of the Calendar since each day of the year i s represented on the wall by the most important event in the life of the respective Saint. The second room is called the narthex, where the choir sits. Painted at the apex of the vaulted ceiling is a representation of Christ. At lower levels are scenes from the life of Christ. At eye level, on the west wall of the narthex, one finds the votive portrait -- the portrait of the prince or nobleman who built the church (Michael Cantacuzino) offering a small model 0 £. the church to God. The third room of the church, the altar ream, is sep­ arated from the other rooms by a richly decorated wall, called the iconostasis. The paintings on the iconostasis are, from bottom up; the Prophets, the Apostles and scenee from the life of Christ.

An icon is located on each side of the altar door. The icon on the left represents the Virgin Mary with the Holy Child. The icon en the right represents Jesus. The altar room itself is sacred and no one, except the priest, is allowec to enter. The walls of this room are painted with scenes from the life of the Virgin. The small church has several unique artistic and architectural characteristics: First, the church has the external form of a Latin cross, not often found in Romania. Second, the presence of some sculptural figures at the entrance is a decorative element not usually founc in Romanian Orthodox churches. Third, the open veranda at the entrance cf the church is typical Brancoveanu style (a blending of Oriental, Russian, Romanian and Italian Renaissance elements char­ acteristic to the late 17th anc early 18th century in Wallachia). Fourth, the windows in the church are extremely narrow, bordered by intricate stone sculpture. Finally, the portrait of the builder, Michael Cantacuzino, offering a small model of the church to God was extremely progressive for its time. Instead cf being presented in a stiff style, with rigid figures, the por­ trait is alive with the brilliant Oriental costumes of the period.

. . PELES Ci°-1..STLE The Peles Castle, former summer residence of King Carol I, h~s been open to the public for more than 25 years now and is visitec by numerous visitors from all over the world. It stands amidst six acres of land at the foot of the , in the upper valley of the Prahova River and on the left bank of the Peles Brook. The Castle was built in two major stages: 1875-1883 and 1896-1914. It was opened October 7, 1888. Its pre­ dominant style of design is German Renaissance. However, there are rooms in various other styles. Near the castle is the "Pelisor" Castle, frequently used as a State Guest House,

, . .A:CRICt.2T ::!'IBLSSY BUCHt~;~ST, TIOI:ili.:JL\

ROIU:.:.Till.:T CUSTOilS n::cur_,,·:.TIO:TS

1. Under e:::dsting Romanian regulations, personnel with diploma.tic status are granted duty~fi:ee p:"Ci vileges for the o.uration of their tour of duty for the i:mport and export of their household gooo.s, foodstuffs and beverages, cigarettes and other products for their personal use. These goods are also exem.pt from customs inspection, except when they are belj_eved to contain fo:::-bio.den items or goods subject t,o qua.ra.ntine.

2. ITon~diploraa.tic person..nel have duty.. free privileges :for the import and export of their household effects and goods intendod for their personal use for a period of 6 months following the employees arrival in Iloma...Ylia. !Z::emption from the payment of customs duties on household effects that arrive after this 6 month perioCI. shall be granted only on the basis of an import permit obtained. for ea.ch shi:plllcmt. Items belonging to non~diploraa.tic perso1u1el P.!.?-.U be subject to customs inspection on arrival m1d/or departure from Rome.nia.

3. There are no restrictions on the sale of vehicl.es brought into Romania. by di:plo1na.tic :pcrson..Ylel. However if the buyer is not entitled to duty free privileges they must pay the import duties. Automobiles brought in by non~diploma.tic personnel oust be re~exported. at the time of their departure. However, the present :policy is that such cars may be sold to personnel o.f other diplo;;;ie,tic uissions entitled to duty free privileges.

4. The rezistration of private automobiles is free :for diplanatic personnel, but there is a chc.rge of 1,000 Lei ($70.25) for the regis­ tro.tion of automobiles owned by non-diplonatic personm~l, and they are also required to pay a snail f ec for the insura.1ce of the registration ple.tes.

July 1973 l'MERICAfT EMBASSY BUCHl\.REST, ROMt'JITIJ\.

March 1974

RTI:ST.lUJRANTS

BUCURESTI - Strada Edgo.r Quinet 1 (telephone 13-44-82). Considered by many to have the best food in town. 19th century decoro !Li\1\fUL MANUC HOTEL - Strada 30 Decembrie 62 (telephone 13-14-15). Reconstructed old type Romanian inn with pleasant Romanian style interior and large ga.rden restaurant in good weather.

IA DOI COCOSI - Soseaua Straulesti 6 (telephone 18-32-99), About a. 15 minute taxi ride from the center of the city. Chicken dishes a.re the speciality in Romanian atmosphere.

MINIOl'T - Strada Biserica A.mzei (telephone 14-10-40).. Intimate :f'a.irly ne't'T restaurant with its o"t-m wine cellar on public display•

• ATHENEE PAIACE HOTEL - Strada. Episcopiei 1-3 (telephone 14-08-99). Well regarded restaurant. Has nice ga.rde11 restaurant in the summer. INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL SERVICES

BARBER SHOP - Mezzanine Floor - 0730-2030. No appointment Necessary.

BEAUTY SALON - same as abov~. DRY CLEANING/PRESSING SERVICE - Dial 6. 0730-1830. If urgent call Housekeeper from 1830-2200 - Dial S. ELECTRICAL CURRENT - Bathrooms have shaving plugs for 110 V/Ac and 220 V/AC. LAUNDRY - Dial 6 from 0730-2000. If urgent, call House­ keeper from 1830-2200 - Dial 5. ROOM SERVICE - 24 hour service. SHOESHINE SERVICE - Place shGes outside of your room in the evening.

TELEPHONES - Dial 0 for dial tone, then dial respective number. For information dial 9. !~thcnee Pa.lace Hotel • • • • • 11~·-0G-99 Strada ~Jpisco-pj.ei 1

Berlin Restaurant ••••••••• 14-11-6-52 S·~re.d.a Co:nsta.nt:tn Mille l~

Bncur Restaurant • , ••••••• 13··6o-5h Strada Poena....-i.t Dordea 2

Dncurcsti :ResJce.uro.nt • • • • • 13·J~l~-<32 Ca.lea Victor~.e~.. 36

Carul cu Dere •••••••••••• 16-37-93 Stc.:-M.a. Sta.vro:poleos 5

0,:i.na Restaurant •• , , • • • • • • 1 1l·--02--l7 Strada C.A. Ilosett:5.. 1

Co~so - ground floor ) Intercontinental !lt"\dric;oJ... ~ c;round ?loor) IIotcl Dalada. 21st ::'loor ) rJi do !-Iot el •..•••••••••••• Dlvd. Ha'l'.~heru "" 7

Hinion Iloste.ura;1t •••••••• ?:i.e.ta Anzei Pesco.ru.I:(sea:'.:'ood) ...... 16-ll-71 Dlvd. Balcescu 9

Pescarus Restau:;:-ant •••••• 33'·S2.. 52 Hero.strau Pare

. . AMERICAN EMBASSY BUCHARI!ST, ROM.. 'UITA March 1974

SHOPPING IJ:TFOffi.Jf,:.C·ION ---..--..c#-'---.~-

The following list includes some, but by no means all, of the stores and shops which may be of interest to visitors in Bucharest. EJ~cept as otherwise noted, purchases must be made in Romanian Lei. Please remember that their hours of operation vary considerably from store to store. As a genera.l rule, hard currency shops are open without interruption from about 11:00 a..m. to 7:00 p.m., while local currency shops usually operate from about 8:30 a..m. to 8:30 p.m., with a break from 12:30 p.m. to 1~:00 p.m.

HARD CURRENCY STORES (MERCHANDISE PURCHASED ONLY WITH US Dollars, German -- Marks, British Pounds, etc.) Hotel Intercontinenta.1 Shops on the ground floor and and floor. ( l:\\intings, j ewelr"IJ, embroidered Romanian blouses and materia.1 are among the principal attractions) FOR YOU - Cales. Victoriei 20 (fur coats, Romanian oriental carpets, embroidered dresses and blouses, sheepskin vests, table linens)

The SOUVENIR SHOP - Blvd Nicola.e Ba.lcescu 26 (fur coats, sheepskin vests, embroidered blouses, carved uooden items, Roma...11.i.an materials and table linens) ROMANIAN LEI STORF.s MIORITA - Strada 13 Decembrie 24 (20$ diaccunt for tourists)(ceramics, carved wooden items, table linens)

ROMAR.TA ARTIZANAT - Blvd Ma.gheru 9 (20i discount :for tourists) (Romanian rustic carpets & wall ho.ngings, table linens, sheepskin vests, carved wooden items and ceramics. GALERIILE DE A'm.A (Fondul Plastic) - Blvd Magheru opposite Department Store "Eva" has a wide variety of items by Romanian artisans.

GRIZONT GALLERY - Blvd Ba.lcescu 23 - Buche.rest 1 s largest gallery for contemporary Romanian paintings, sculpture and graphics. MESTERII FAURARI - Strada Ba.groveni 6 (near Hanul Ma.nuc Hotel) ceramics. LIBRARIA DA.CIA - Ca.lea Victoriei 45 - books a.nd phonograph records. CONSIGNATIA - Strada. Covaci (near Ha.nul Manuc Hotel)(a.ntiques, paintings and second-hand items of various sorts)(N.B. objects i::rver 50 yea.rs old may not be exported from Rom.o...flia) WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)

FORM OF CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE DATE RESTRICTION DOCUMENT

Doc. Notes from Event in Bucharest (pages - 2) B 8/2-3175

File Location:

Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 18, Trips Files. Folder: 8/2-3175 - Bucharest

RESTRICTION CODES JJO 11 /30/16

(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information. (B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document. (C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.

NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA FORM 1429 (1-98)

. . -~ MINISTERUL CAILOR FERATE SERVICIUL DE TRANSPORTURI SPECIALE

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