Compiled by W. H. Kirby and W. Y. Tan Reston, Virginia 1991
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming to Support Water Resources Management in the Ziya River Basin, China
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 31, 2019 Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming to Support Water Resources Management in the Ziya River Basin, China Davidsen, Claus; Cardenal, Silvio Javier Pereira; Liu, Suxia; Mo, Xingguo; Rosbjerg, Dan; Bauer- Gottwein, Peter Published in: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management Link to article, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000482 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Davidsen, C., Cardenal, S. J. P., Liu, S., Mo, X., Rosbjerg, D., & Bauer-Gottwein, P. (2015). Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming to Support Water Resources Management in the Ziya River Basin, China. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 141(7), [04014086]. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0000482 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming to Support Water Resources Management in the Ziya River Basin, China Claus Davidsen1; Silvio J. -
Inland Fisheries Resource Enhancement and Conservation in Asia Xi RAP PUBLICATION 2010/22
RAP PUBLICATION 2010/22 Inland fisheries resource enhancement and conservation in Asia xi RAP PUBLICATION 2010/22 INLAND FISHERIES RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND CONSERVATION IN ASIA Edited by Miao Weimin Sena De Silva Brian Davy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2010 i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-106751-2 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2010 For copies please write to: Aquaculture Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit Road Bangkok 10200 THAILAND Tel: (+66) 2 697 4119 Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445 E-mail: [email protected] For bibliographic purposes, please reference this publication as: Miao W., Silva S.D., Davy B. -
Groundwater Footprint in the Plain Area Of
Alterra-Wageningen UR and University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein (Velp) Bachelor Author: Yuetong Chen <[email protected]> Thesis Supervisors: Bertus Welzen, Joop Harmsen 2013/5/30 The applicability of groundwater footprint in the plain area of Shijiazhuang, China 0 Preface This bachelor thesis is for the University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein where I received my higher education. I am majoring in International Land and Water Management. For doing this thesis, I worked at Alterra, which is the research institute affiliated to the Wageningen University and Research Center. Alterra contributes to the practical and scientific researches relating to a high quality and sustainable green living environment. My tutors are Bertus Welzen and Joop Harmsen who have been offering me many thoughtful and significant suggestions all the way and they are quite conscientious. I really appreciate their help. I also want to thank another person for his great help in collecting data necessary for writing this thesis. His name is Mingliang Li who works in the local water bureau in the research area. 1 Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................................. -
Beijing Water Report.Indd
Beijing’s Water Crisis 1949 — 2008 Olympics 2010 Update Probe International Beijing Group, June 2008 Contents Executive Summary iv 1: Beijing Watershed 1 2: Beijing’s Water Resources 5 Guanting Reservoir 8 Miyun Reservoir 10 3: Beijing’s Water Consumption 12 4: Beijing’s Water Crisis 25 5: Reversing Beijing’s Water Crisis 32 6: 2010 Updates 39 Maps 56 Notes 59 Acknowledgements 60 Appendices 61 Other Resources 69 Probe International is the publisher of Beijing Water Oral History Series and Three Gorges Oral History Series edited by Dai Qing and available for download at Probe’s web site www.probeinternational.org. Probe International is a Canadian public interest research group monitoring the economic and environmental effects of foreign aid and export credit, including the Canadian-fi nanced Three Gorges dam. Probe works with independent researchers and citizens groups around the world to analyze the root causes of environmental problems, and promote the rights of citizens to have the fi nal say in resource management and development decision-making. Probe International is a division of the Energy Probe Research Foundation. Beijing’s Water Crisis 1949 — 2008 iii Executive Summary Beijing, China’s capital city, and one of its fastest-growing municipalities, is running out of water. Although more than 200 rivers and streams can still be found on offi cial maps of Beijing, the sad reality is that little or no water fl ows there anymore. Beijing’s springs, famous for their sweet- tasting water, have disappeared. Dozens of reservoirs built since the 1950s have dried up. Finding a clean source of water anywhere in the city has become impossible. -
Policy Note on Integrated Flood Risk Management Key Lesson Learned and Recommendations for China
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Strategy Resources Partnership China CountryWater WATER PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM PARTNERSHIP WATER THE WORLDBANK (2013-2020) China Country Water Resources Partnership Strategy © 2013 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: [email protected]. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................VII -
Discover Your 2 Welcome
DISCOVER YOUR 2 WELCOME Welcome to China Holidays We were immensely proud to be a Queen’s Award winner. We are an independently owned and managed company, founded in 1997, specialising in providing beset value travel arrangements to China only. Therefore we can offer you a highly personalised service with my colleagues in London and Beijing working hard to ensure you have an unforgettable, high quality and value-for-money holiday. It is because of our dedication to providing this that we have managed to prosper in one of the most competitive industries in the world. For thousands of years China has been the mysterious Middle Kingdom, the fabled land Welcome to my homeland and between heaven and earth, steeped in legends, the land of my ancestors. I almost enthralling travellers and explorers who undertook the most gruelling journeys to discover for envy those of you who have not themselves this exotic civilisation. Nowadays, yet been to China as the surprises travelling is easier but the allure of China remains and pleasures of my country are the same. We at China Holidays have the in-depth understanding, knowledge and passion needed still yours to discover, whilst for to create some of the best journeys by bringing those of you who have already been, together authentic cultural experiences and there are still so many more riches imaginative itineraries, combined with superb service and financial security. to savour – the rural charms of the minority villages in the west, sacred On the following pages you will find details of our new and exciting range of China Holidays, ranging mountains inhabited by dragons and from classic itineraries to in-depth regional journeys gods, nomadic life on the grasslands and themed holidays, which mix the ever-popular of Tibet and Inner Mongolia, along sights with the unusual. -
Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China
Nov., 2015 Journal of Resources and Ecology Vol.6 No.6 J. Resour. Ecol. 2015 6 (6) 375-385 Eco. Compensation DOI:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.06.005 www.jorae.cn Areas Benefiting from Water Conservation in Key Ecological Function Areas in China XIAO Yu1*, ZHANG Changshun1 and XU Jie1,2 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Abstract: Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem services and few focus on the demands on ecosystem services and their spatial distribution. Here, on the basis of the flow of water conservation services from the providing area to the benefiting area, the benefits produced by water conservation service are investigated and the benefiting areas are identified. The results indicate that in 2010 the water conservation service of key ecological function areas provided irrigation water for 1.67×105 km2 of paddy fields and 1.01×105 km2 irrigated fields, domestic water to urban residents and industrial water to factories, mines and enterprises of 2.64×104 km2 urban construction land and domestic water to rural residents across 3.73×104 km2 of rural settlements and formed 6.64×104 km2 of inland water which can be used for freshwater aquaculture, downstream regions comprise 1.31×104 km of navigable river, which can be used for inland shipping. The benefit areas of the key function areas located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are greater and more influential benefit areas. -
The Silk Road 2020 05-24 June 2020 Foreword
Xi’An Bingling Si Maijishan Labrang Kumbum Badain Jaran Jiayuguan Dunhuang Turpan Urumqi Lake Sayram Kalajun Grasslands Kashgar Lake Karakul Tashkurgan The Silk Road 2020 05-24 June 2020 Foreword or centuries, the great civilizations of East and West were connected by the Silk Road, a fragile network of shifting Fintercontinental trade routes that treaded across Asia’s highest mountains and bleakest deserts. Starting from the former capital of China, Xī’ān, the route winds its way west passing through several oases, across grassy steppes and vast deserts, over snowy mountain passes into fabled cities. Our epic journey will traverse 5 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions, from the ancient imperial capital of Xi’An, the historical start of the Silk Road, to the famous Tibetan Monastery at Labrang at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau; then heading northwest to the massive dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia; move west to the formidable fortress of Jiayuguan in Gansu; cross into Xinjiang, a huge province larger than France/Spain/UK/ Germany combined and home to several colorful ethnic groups such as the Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrghiz, Tajiks and Tartars. To complete this epic journey, we will travel by bus, by horse, by trains, by camels and by air. The journey is a trip of a lifetime that covers the breath of a distance equivalent to an intercontinental traverse. Highlights of the tour: 1. Ancient imperial capital of Xi’an and its ancient wonders such as the Terracotta Warriors. Watch the Tang Dynasty Show “A Song of Everlasting Sorrow” at the outdoor stage of the historical Huaqing Palace. -
Chapter 4: Strong Earthquake Motion Observations
339 CHAPTER 4: STRONG EARTHQUAKE MOTION OBSERVATIONS GENERAL ASPECTS OF STRONG-MOTION OBSERVATIONS DURING THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE Peng Kezhong, Yu Shuangjiu and Guo Yuxue* The main shock accelerograms were recorded at most of the stations of the strong-motion accelerograph network in North China during the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8. Strong-motion records were also recorded at some of the stations during the Luanxian earth- quake of magnitude 7.1 and the Ninghe earthquake of magnitude 6.9. After the main shock of the Tangshan earthquake occurred some mobile observation stations were quickly deployed in Tangshan City and its nearby regions, and a number of near-source records from the aftershocks were obtained thereafter. I. Strong-Motion Accelerograph Network in North China After the 1966 Xingtai earthquake in Hebei Province a strong-motion accelerograph net- work of China was first established and developed slowly in North China. Prior to the July 28, 1976 Tangshan earthquake a total of 23 accelerographs had been installed. Among them, 18 accelerographs (Model RDZ1-12-66) were operated by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Academia Sinica (IEM), 3 accelerographs (Model RDZ1-12-66) were operated by the Institute of Earthquake Engineering, Chinese Academy of Building Research (IEE), one accelerograph (Model SG-4-12) by the Institute of Scientific Research, Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power (ISR), and one accelerograph (Model SMAC-B2) by the Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau (IGP). After the Tangshan earth- quake of magnitude 7.8 another accelerograph was supplemented at Baliqiao in Tongxian County by IEE. The total of 24 accelerographs was deployed. -
Tibet: a Human Development And
FOREWORD This publication is a comprehensive report on Tibet’s environment and development issues, produced by the Environment and Development Desk, Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration. The first comprehensive report was published in 1992, and the second in 2000. This third report, Tibet: A Human Development and Environment Report, is the first to offer readers an insight into the well-being of both the land and people of Tibet, from environment and development perspectives, with a particular focus on human development issues. Through in-depth analysis, this report describes China’s futile attempts to transform Tibet, and how its developmentalist ideology and production-oriented activities have actually given rise to a drastic inequality of wealth. The report also discusses the paradoxes involved in economic growth, the current development trends in Tibet, and the ramifications that these trends have on Tibet’s environment and people. Prior to the Chinese occupation, Tibet was ecologically stable. Covering an area of 2.5 million square kilometres, Tibet is one of the earth’s most sensitive environments and a unique bio-geographical zone of our planet. Despite its cold environment, for thousands of years the Tibetan people occupied this plateau and created cultural landscapes based on the principles of simplicity and non-violence that are in harmony with the environment. Open grasslands account for 70 per cent of the landmass of Tibet and have sustained Tibetans and their pastoral herds for centuries. Today there is expert consensus that Tibet’s grasslands are degrading. China has historically remained ignorant of the dynamics of grassland ecosystems and the positive land stewardship of the nomads and farmers. -
Diversity of the Bosmina (Cladocera: Bosminidae) in China, Revealed by Analysis of Two Genetic Markers (Mtdna 16S and a Nuclear
Wang et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2019) 19:145 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1474-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Diversity of the Bosmina (Cladocera: Bosminidae) in China, revealed by analysis of two genetic markers (mtDNA 16S and a nuclear ITS) Liufu Wang, Hang Zhuang, Yingying Zhang and Wenzhi Wei* Abstract Background: China is an important biogeographical zone in which the genetic legacies of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods are abundant, and the contemporary geography environment plays an important role in species distribution. Therefore, many biogeographical studies have focused on the organisms of the region, especially zooplankton, which is essential in the formation of biogeographical principles. Moreover, the generality of endemism also reinforces the need for detailed regional studies of zooplankton. Bosmina, a group of cosmopolitan zooplankton, is difficult to identify by morphology, and no genetic data are available to date to assess this species complex in China. In this study, 48 waterbodies were sampled covering a large geographical and ecological range in China, the goal of this research is to explore the species distribution of Bosmina across China and to reveal the genetic information of this species complex, based on two genetic markers (a mtDNA 16S and a nuclear ITS). The diversity of taxa in the Bosmina across China was investigated using molecular tools for the first time. Results: Two main species were detected in 35 waterbodies: an endemic east Asia B. fatalis, and the B. longirostris that has a Holarctic distribution. B. fatalis had lower genetic polymorphism and population differentiation than B. longirostris. B. fatalis was preponderant in central and eastern China, whereas B. -
Alluvial Pollen on the North China Plain
http://www.paper.edu.cn QUATERNARY RESEARCH 46, 270±280 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0066 Alluvial Pollen on the North China Plain XU QINGHAI,YANG XIAOLAN,WUCHEN,MENG LINGYAO, AND WANG ZIHUI Institute of Geography, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China Received August 31, 1995 mm (up to 800±900 mm). The mean annual precipitation is Mordern alluvial pollen varies with geomorphic setting and de- 500±600 mm in the plain itself. By contrast the mean annual positional facies in sediments of the Yellow, Hutuo, and Luan evaporation is about 2500 mm. All rivers on the North China rivers and in Baiyangdian and Hengshuihu lakes. Most of the Plain rise abruptly during heavy rains and fall, or even dry arboreal pollen is derived from the mountains, whereas most of up, between storms. the nonarboreal pollen is derived from the plain itself. Alluvium Most vascular plants on the plain have been introduced dominated by Pinus pollen and Selaginella spores was deposited by people. The main crops are Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, during a ¯ood. Hydrodynamic sorting of alluvial pollen exists in the sediments of ¯oodplain, central bar, natural levees, and point Oryza sativa, Sorghum, Gossypium, Arachis, Brassica peki- bar. In reconstructing the ancient vegetation and past climate nensis, Apium graveolens var. dulce, Phaseolus, Spinacia based on pollen in alluvium, it is important to consider sedimen- oleracea, and Allium ®stulosum. Trees of Robinia, Ailanthus, tary facies and geomorphologic setting. q 1996 University of Washington. Ulmus, Populus, Salix, and Paulownia grow in cities, on road sides, and along river banks. Some herbs, such as Digitaria, Imperata cylindrica var.