For Free Distribution Not for Sale
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Report on Fact-Finding Mission to Lebanon 2 - 18 May 1998
The Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: + 45 35 36 66 00 Website: www.udlst.dk E-mail: [email protected] Report on fact-finding mission to Lebanon 2 - 18 May 1998 List of contents Introduction 1. Political situation A. General political situation in Lebanon at present Continued Israeli presence Taif agreement and Syrian influence Main political issues and events B. Presence of Syrians C. Main Palestinian organisations in Lebanon and their significance D. Lebanese view of Palestinians at present and in future Official position Views of independent sources Palestinian comments Conditions for Palestinians in Syria and Jordan 2. Security conditions A. General security situation in Lebanon at present, including southern Lebanon Territory under the authorities' control Situation in southern Lebanon Security in the camps B. Palestinians' relationship with Lebanese C. Palestinians' relationship with Syrians D. Inter-Palestinian conflicts 3. Palestinians' legal status A. Residence status Legal basis Types of residence status B. Obtaining of identity papers and travel documents, including renewability etc. Travel documents and laissez-passers C. Naturalisation legislation D. Lebanese legal system E. Law enforcement Crime trends Report on fact-finding mission to Lebanon Syrian authority 4. Social and economic conditions A. General living conditions B. Palestinians' access to and entitlement to take up employment and self-employment Legal basis Actual access to employment Self-employment C. Palestinians' entitlement and access to education and training D. Palestinians' access to housing and right to own property E. Other civil rights and duties for Palestinians F. Freedom of movement for Palestinians 5. UNRWA A. UNRWA's role and activities Health Education Social and emergency aid B. -
Hizballah's Vision of the Lebanon-Israel Border by Avi Jorisch
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 368 Hizballah's Vision of the Lebanon-Israel Border by Avi Jorisch Mar 4, 2002 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Avi Jorisch Avi Jorisch is an adjunct scholar of The Washington Institute and author of its new monograph and CD-ROM Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hizballah's al-Manar Television (2004). As the Institute's Soref fellow from 2001 to 2003, he specialized in Arab and Islamic politics. More recently, he served as an Brief Analysis n February 28, Hizballah fired 57mm antiaircraft missiles at Israeli planes flying over the Shebaa Farms O area. According to Hizballah information officer Hassan Azzedin, "the current line of Israeli withdrawal ('blue line') is not consistent with the international boundary and not recognized by the Lebanese government. That's why we're pursuing the path of resistance." Indeed, Hizballah claims that Israel continues to occupy sovereign Lebanese territory, and the organization makes this claim the basis for what it considers legitimate resistance. What, then, is Hizballah's vision of where the Lebanon-Israel border should lie? Background Between 1920 and 1924, French and British negotiators delineated the border between Le Grand Liban and Mandatory Palestine. After the 1948 war, the Lebanese and Israelis established the Armistice Demarcation Line (ADL), which coincided with the 1924 international border. From 1982 to 2000, Israel occupied a section of southern Lebanon, and, upon his election in July 1999, then-Prime Minister Ehud Barak announced his intention to withdraw the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) from Lebanon, which he did on May 25, 2000. Before the Israeli withdrawal, Hizballah maintained that if Israel were to retain even "one inch of Lebanese land," resistance operations would continue. -
Security Councbl
UNITED AlAAToPls Dim-, GENERAL SECURITY SYll663lnad.47 COUNCBL 10 November 197'1 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Further report on the~status of the dease-fire 1.n the Israel-Lebariori seztor 1. The Chief of Staff of UNTSO, Major-General E. A. Erskine, has submitted the following special report concerning certain developments in the Israel-Lebanon sector from 5 November to 9 November 1977: (a) Violations of the general cease-fire that went into effect on 26 September 1977 and. ended the fighting in the area of OP Khiam (AMR 2071-3025) l! (S/ll663/&Xl.45) have increased in intensity and number in southern Lebanon. This trend began on 5 IJovember 1977. (b) Naqoura Outstation (AWt 1629-2805) reported an exchange of automatic weapons fire on 5 November between 1800 and 181.0 GW between de facto forces in Naqoura and an Israel forces patrol boat which had.penetrated Lebanese territorial waters and was located 500 metres west of the Outstation. The'& facto forces initiated the exchange. (c) On 6 November, between 1935 and 2145 GMT, OP Lab (AMR 1643-2772) and the Naqoura Outstation observed Israel forces firing 30 artillery rounds aid 26 mortar rounds across the armistice demarcation line (ADL), which impacted in and around the Moslem village of Naqoura (AMR 1629-2805). A number of these rounds impacted close to the UNTSO Outstation and minor damage was caused to equipment and buildings. Israeli news agencies reported that this firing was in response to rocket attacks by de facto forces in southern Lebanon directed at the city of Nahariya in Israel (~~~‘1585-2673) on 6 November in which two people were reported killed. -
Avoiding Another War Between Israel and Hezbollah
COUNTING THE COST Avoiding Another War between Israel and Hezbollah By Nicholas Blanford and Assaf Orion “He who wishes to fight must first count the cost.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War ABOUT THE SCOWCROFT MIDDLE EAST SECURITY INITIATIVE The Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative honors the legacy of Brent Scowcroft and his tireless efforts to build a new security architecture for the region. Our work in this area addresses the full range of security threats and challenges including the danger of interstate warfare, the role of terrorist groups and other nonstate actors, and the underlying security threats facing countries in the region. Through all of the Council’s Middle East programming, we work with allies and partners in Europe and the wider Middle East to protect US interests, build peace and security, and unlock the human potential of the region. You can read more about our programs at www.atlanticcouncil.org/ programs/middle-east-programs/. May 2020 ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-099-7 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. This report is made possible by general support to the Atlantic Council’s Middle East Programs. COUNTING THE COST Avoiding Another War between Israel and Hezbollah CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................2 -
Insights from the Second Lebanon War
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Browse Reports & Bookstore TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. All Glory Is Fleeting Insights from the Second Lebanon War Russell W. Glenn Prepared for the United States Joint Forces Command Approved for public release; distribution unlimited NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Joint Forces Command Joint Urban Operations Office. -
Palestinian Refugees Repay the Favor to Their Longtime Hosts
PALESTINIAN REFUGEES REPAY THE FAVOR TO THEIR LONGTIME HOSTS Houston Chronicle, August 10, 2006 By RANIA ABOUZEID RASHIDIEH CAMP, LEBANON — The woman lifted the lid off one of two enormous bubbling pots, releasing the aroma of a hearty stew that would feed nearly 1,000 displaced Lebanese who have sought refuge in this Palestinian refugee camp in southern Lebanon. "We have been guests in their country for more than 50 years, and they have been here for only a few weeks," said Alia Zamzam, a Palestinian refugee who heads a women's committee responsible for feeding the Rashidieh camp's newest inhabitants. "This is the way to treat a guest." Lebanon's Palestinian refugees and their descendants, displaced by Arab-Israeli wars in 1948 and 1967, are now caring for another people displaced by war. According to the Beirut government, more than 900,000 people have fled the Israeli-Hezbollah fighting in southern Lebanon that began July 12 when Hezbollah raiders crossed into Israel, captured two soldiers and killed eight others. Israeli soldiers and Hezbollah guerrillas have been engaged in fierce ground combat since then, with Israel bombing roads, bridges and other targets throughout southern Lebanon and Hezbollah firing waves of rockets into northern Israel. A little closer to home Most of the Lebanese refugees drove or walked north as far as they could. But some have opted to stay a little closer to home in places like Rashidieh — located on the outskirts of the southern Lebanese city of Tyre and about seven miles from Israel's northern border — rather than risk a perilous journey along ripped-up roads prone to daily Israeli bombardment. -
THE NEXT WAR: How Another Conflict Between Hizballah and Israel Could Look and How Both Sides Are Preparing for It
ANALYSIS PAPER Number 24, August 2011 THE NEXT WAR: How Another Conflict between Hizballah and Israel Could Look and How Both Sides are Preparing for It Bilal Y. Saab Nicholas Blanford The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Copyright © 2011 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 www.brookings.edu ANALYSIS PAPER Number 24, August 2011 THE NEXT WAR: How Another Conflict between Hizballah and Israel Could Look and How Both Sides are Preparing for It Bilal Y. Saab Nicholas Blanford Table of Contents Executive Summary . iii Acknowledgements . vi The Authors . vii Introduction . 1 Potential Return to Arms . 3 Hizballah Prepares for War . 6 Israel Prepares for War . 14 Conclusion . 20 THE NEXT WAR The Saban Center at BROOKINGS ii Executive Summary ebanon and Israel have enjoyed a rare calm waged between them, and both sides have been in the five years since the August 14, 2006 feverishly preparing for the next war ever since the ceasefire that brought an end to that sum- last one ended. Lmer’s month-long war, the fiercest ever action waged between Hizballah and the Israel Defense Hizballah’s Posture Forces (IDF). Since the end of the 2006 war, Hizballah has under- Both sides drew sharp lessons from the 2006 conflict. -
Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War
September 2007 Volume 19, No. 5(E) Why They Died Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War Map: Administrative Divisions of Lebanon .............................................................................1 Map: Southern Lebanon ....................................................................................................... 2 Map: Northern Lebanon ........................................................................................................ 3 I. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 4 Israeli Policies Contributing to the Civilian Death Toll ....................................................... 6 Hezbollah Conduct During the War .................................................................................. 14 Summary of Methodology and Errors Corrected ............................................................... 17 II. Recommendations........................................................................................................ 20 III. Methodology................................................................................................................ 23 IV. Legal Standards Applicable to the Conflict......................................................................31 A. Applicable International Law ....................................................................................... 31 B. Protections for Civilians and Civilian Objects ...............................................................33 -
Mapping Peace Between Syria and Israel
UNiteD StateS iNStitUte of peaCe www.usip.org SpeCial REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPO R T Frederic C. Hof Commissioned in mid-2008 by the United States Institute of Peace’s Center for Mediation and Conflict Resolution, this report builds upon two previous groundbreaking works by the author that deal with the obstacles to Syrian- Israeli peace and propose potential ways around them: a 1999 Middle East Insight monograph that defined the Mapping peace between phrase “line of June 4, 1967” in its Israeli-Syrian context, and a 2002 Israel-Syria “Treaty of Peace” drafted for the International Crisis Group. Both works are published Syria and israel online at www.usip.org as companion pieces to this report and expand upon a concept first broached by the author in his 1999 monograph: a Jordan Valley–Golan Heights Environmental Preserve under Syrian sovereignty that Summary would protect key water resources and facilitate Syrian- • Syrian-Israeli “proximity” peace talks orchestrated by Turkey in 2008 revived a Israeli people-to-people contacts. long-dormant track of the Arab-Israeli peace process. Although the talks were sus- Frederic C. Hof is the CEO of AALC, Ltd., an Arlington, pended because of Israeli military operations in the Gaza Strip, Israeli-Syrian peace Virginia, international business consulting firm. He directed might well facilitate a Palestinian state at peace with Israel. the field operations of the Sharm El-Sheikh (Mitchell) Fact- Finding Committee in 2001. • Syria’s “bottom line” for peace with Israel is the return of all the land seized from it by Israel in June 1967. -
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
CASE STUDY DR. ROBERT U. NAGEL, MS. KATE FIN, MS. JULIA MAENZA MAY 2021 United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) Conflict history Israel supported the Maronites to establish a friend- Following the events of Black September in 1970, in ly Christian government and destroy the PLO, which which Jordan expelled members of the Palestinian carried out attacks against Israel from Lebanon. Liberation Organization (PLO), the PLO established a state within a state in the south of Lebanon. A full- One of these attacks, the Coastal Road Massacre, scale civil war began in Lebanon in 1975, with Ma- killed 38 Israeli civilians and wounded over 70 on March ronite Christians fighting Muslim militias and the PLO. 9, 1978.1 On March 14, 1978, Israeli forces invaded UNIFIL peacekeepers from the Mission’s Female Assessment/Analysis and Support Team (FAST) carry out a community engage- ment walk in the Tyre souk, south Lebanon. FAST activities vary from operational activities to community outreach, including foot and market patrols, school visits, as well as community engagements such as this one. Tyre, 6 November 2019. / Photo by: Pasqual Gorriz/UN Lebanon. In response, the UN Security Council passed withdrew to the “security zone,” an 850 km area of Resolutions 425 and 426, calling for Israel to withdraw Lebanese territory made up of checkpoints operated and creating the United Nations Interim Force in Leba- mainly by members of the SLA, due to the increasing non (UNIFIL). Israel’s withdrawal was to take place over Hezbollah attacks on IDF troops in 1985. As Israeli four stages, though they maintained a presence in the scholar Nitza Nachmias put it, “Israel assumed wrong- area by ceding the final zone to the South Lebanon ly that Operation Peace for Galilee would eliminate the Army (SLA), a militia they created and armed. -
Security Council Distr.: General 18 January 2019
United Nations S/2019/61 Security Council Distr.: General 18 January 2019 Original: English Identical letters dated 18 January 2019 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council I am writing to set the record straight and shed light upon the false accusations against Israel in the context of the defensive measures that Israel has taken in the north of the country to curb the mounting threats that Hizbullah, the Iranian proxy, poses to Israel’s security and sovereignty. Those false accusations were designed to divert the conversation away from Hizbullah’s acts of aggression on both the Israeli and Lebanese sides of the Blue Line. Israel has taken protective steps to curb the very real threats that Hizbullah presents, such as the terrorist organization’s construction of terror attack tunnels from Lebanon into sovereign Israel. Israel has always taken such defensive measures on its side of the Blue Line, when its security and sovereignty are questioned. Israel’s actions starkly contrast Hizbullah’s aggressive acts of terror that violate Israel’s sovereignty, the Blue Line and Security Council resolution 1701 (2006). At the meeting of the Security Council, on 19 December 2018, I presented member States with recently declassified information that revealed Hizbullah’s grand plan to take control of the Israeli Galilee. As part of its strategy, Hizbullah has, inter alia, constructed at least six in southern Lebanon that cross into Israel underneath the Blue Line in order to conduct terror attacks. The tunnels clearly and unambiguously threaten Israel and violate its sovereignty. -
Damage Assessment Southern Lebanon UNDP & Local
Mount Lebanon ! Houmine et Tahta : Jbaa : Destroyed : 25 Destroyed : 0 Kfar Fila : ! Lightly Destroyed : 0 Lightly Destroyed : 25 Destroyed : 0 Repairable : 350 !Repairable : 100 Lightly Destroyed : 0 Beqaa Repairable : 0 ! Sarba : Ain Qana : Destroyed : 0 Destroyed : 0 Roumine : ! Lightly Destroyed : 10 Lightly Destroyed : 0 Destroyed : 0 ! Repairable : 250 Repairable : 100 Lightly Destroyed : 0 Repairable : 50 ! Jarjouaa : Aazze : Destroyed : 0 Destroyed : 0 Houmine el Faouqa : Lightly Destroyed : 0 Hasbeya Lightly Destroyed : 0 Destroyed : 0 Repaira!ble : 50 Repairable : 0 Lightly Destroyed : 10 Repairable : 150 Damage Assessment ! Jezzine Western Beqaa Arab Salim : Destroyed : 5 Southern Lebanon ! Lightly Destroyed : 10 Repairable : 350 UNDP & Local Municipalities Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) For Lebanon Kfour : Destroyed : 7 Beirut, Lebanon Lightly Destroyed : 10 Repairable : 250 [email protected] ! www.virtualhic.org Blat : Destroyed : 3 Lightly Destroyed : 30 ! Repairable : 100 Toul : ! Destroyed : 13 Lightly Destroyed : 15 Nabatyeh Repairable : 250 Dibbine : Destroyed : 53 Lightly Destroyed : 20 Repairable : 150 Baiyouda : ! Destroyed : 0 Lightly Destroyed : 1 ! Rashaya Repairable : 1! Marjayoun : Destroyed : 35 Ebel es Saqi : Destroyed : 1 Lightly Destroyed : 50 ! Aadchit ech Chqif : Repairable : 200 Lightly Destroyed : 5 Destroyed : 21 Repairable : 64 Lightly Destroyed : 15 Repairable : 300 ! ! Braiqaa : Lebanon Destroyed : 2 Lightly Destroyed : 0 Qlaiaa : Khiam : Mediterranean Sea Repairable : 50 Destroyed : 0