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Inventarisasi Jenis-Jenis Ikan Cypriniformes Di Sungai Rokan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau

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Inventarisasi Jenis-Jenis Ikan Cypriniformes Di Sungai Rokan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau INVENTARISASI JENIS-JENIS IKAN CYPRINIFORMES DI SUNGAI ROKAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU PROVINSI RIAU Ninik Wahyuni1, Roza Elvyra2, Yusfiati2 1Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Biologi 2Dosen Zoologi Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Kampus Binawidya Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Rokan River has some functions as a source of freshwater, transportation, as a restroom, and as a place for industry disposals. These could influence the provision of fishery resources. However, the Rokan River still has high varieties of fish. One of them is the fish from Cypriniformes. This study aims to list the species of fish from Cypriniformes. Fish samples were collected from fisherman from October 2012 to January 2013. The fish samples were then identified at the Zoological Laboratory of the Biologi Department, University of Riau. In this study, we found 2 families of Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae and Cobitidae. Cyprinidae consisted of 12 species and Cobitidae consisted of 2 species. ABSTRAK Sungai Rokan mempunyai fungsi sebagai sumberdaya ikan air tawar, transportasi, mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK), dan tempat pembuangan limbah industri. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi ketersediaan sumberdaya perikanan. Tetapi, meskipun demikian Sungai Rokan masih memiliki keanekaragaman ikan yang tinggi. Salah satunya adalah ikan dari ordo Cypriniformes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis ikan dari ordo Cypriniformes di perairan sungai Rokan. Sampel ikan dikumpulkan dari nelayan dari Oktober 2012 sampai Januari 2013. Ikan diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Zoologi Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Riau. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan 2 famili dari ordo Cypriniformes, yitu famili Cyprinidae dan Cobotidae. Famili Cyprinidae ditemukan sbanyak 12 jenis dan Cobitidae sebanyak 2 jenis. PENDAHULUAN Provinsi Riau dilintasi oleh empat sungai besar, yaitu Sungai Rokan, Sungai Indragiri, Sungai Kampar, dan Sungai Siak. Luas perairan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu adalah sekitar 9.342,41 ha. Perairan yang ada di kabupaten ini diantaranya perairan Sungai Rokan Kiri, Rokan Kanan dan Batang Sosah serta sejumlah danau yang berasal dari bekas aliran sungai yang terdapat di desa-desa (Dinas Perikanan Rokan Hulu 2003). Sungai Rokan mempunyai fungsi sebagai sumberdaya ikan air tawar, transportasi, mandi cuci kakus (MCK), pertanian, dan tempat pembuangan limbah industri. Aktivitas manusia yang terjadi di sepanjang Daerah Aliran Sungai Rokan telah memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan perairan yang dapat menghambat kehidupan biota perairan, sehingga hal ini tentu akan berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan perairan terlebih terhadap keberlanjutan kehidupan mahluk hidup di dalamnya terutama ikan. Sungai Rokan mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumberdaya perikanan air tawar di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Sementara itu di daerah aliran Sungai Rokan terjadi peningkatan perluasan lahan perkebunan, penambangan pasir serta peningkatan limbah. Dikhawatirkan kondisi ini akan berpengaruh terhadap populasi ikan, data yang tersedia dan informasi yang lengkap mengenai jenis-jenis ikan dari ordo Cypriniformes di perairan sungai Rokan masih sangat kurang, untuk itu diperlukan informasi mengenai jenis-jenis ikan dari ordo Cypriniformes di perairan Sungai Rokan tersebut. METODE PENELITIAN Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2012 – Januari 2013 di Perairan Sungai Rokan, Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, Provinsi Riau. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan ditentukan berdasarkan pembagian arus dari hulu ke hilir dan perbedaan rona lingkungannya, maka ditetapkan tiga stasiun pengamatan. Adapun ketiga stasiun pengambilan sampel yaitu, stasiun I Sungai Langkuk, stasiun II Lubuk Mokan dan stasiun III Langkuk Muaro Pusu. Gambar 1. Peta lokasi Pengambilan Sampel Penelitian Alat dan Bahan Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah formalin 4%, formalin 10%, alkohol 70% untuk mengawetkan sampel ikan, jenis-jenis ikan yang ditemukan pada stasiun I, II dan III di perairan sungai Rokan. Alat yang digunakan adalah pancing, jala, jaring, pingila atau sempirai, lukah (alat tangkap nelayan), kamera, toples, alat-alat tulis, kertas label, jarum suntik, lakban, jangka sorong, dan penggaris. Metode Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei yaitu pengamatan langsung ke lapangan. Ikan-ikan yang didapat kemudian diawetkan dan dilakukan pengidentifikasian dengan panduan Kottelat et al. (1993) yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Zoologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Riau. Prosedur Penelitian Sampel jenis-jenis ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan secara kualitatif dan diambil tiga ekor dari masing-masing jenis untuk dijadikan sampel. Kemudian sampel tersebut dibuat dokumentasinya. Sampel ikan yang berukuran kecil diawetkan dengan formalin 4% dan ikan yang relatif lebih besar diawetkan dengan formalin 10% kemudian perutnya diinjeksi dengan formalin 4% dan diukur bagian- bagian tubuhnya dengan alat pengukur. Setelah 24 jam sampel ikan dicuci di air mengalir selama 4 jam. Selanjutnya sampel ikan disimpan dalam toples dengan alkohol 70%, kemudian diberi label dengan catatan nama daerah, waktu penangkapan dan lokasi penangkapan. Sampel ikan kemudian diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Zoologi Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Riau. Identifikasi Ikan Pengidentifikasian ikan dilakukan dengan mengamati ciri morfometrik dan ciri meristik yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing jenis. Data pengukuran morfometrik ikan yaitu meliputi: panjang total, panjang baku/standar, panjang kepala, tinggi badan, panjang batang ekor, panjang sirip dada, panjang sirip perut, panjang sirip punggung, panjang sirip dubur dan tinggi batang ekor. Data meristik yaitu meliputi pengamatan jumlah sirip punggung, sirip dada, sirip perut, sirip anal, sirip ekor, tipe sirip ekor, tipe sisik dan warna tubuh. Skema pengukuran morfometrik dan meristik ikan dicocokkan dengan buku Kottelat et al. (1993). Analisis Data Data yang didapat adalah jenis-jenis ikan apa saja yang terdapat di Sungai Rokan. Data hasil pengamatan morfometrik dan meristik ditabulasikan dalam bentuk diagram dan tabel selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Sungai Rokan Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto diperoleh 12 jenis ikan yang termasuk kedalam famili Cyprinidae dan 2 jenis dari famili Cobitidae dapat dilihat pada gambar 2. 14% 86% Cyprinidae Cobitidae Gambar 2. Persentase jenis-jenis ikan dari ordo Cypriniformes yang ditemukan di Sungai Rokan Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau. Tabel 1. Jenis-jenis ikan Cypriniformes di Sungai Rokan Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Ordo Famili – Genus Spesies Nama daerah Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius Puntius scwhanenfeldi Kapiek Osteochilus Osteochilus hasselti Paweh Osteochilus waandersii Lelan Cyclocheilichthys Cyclocheilichthys apogon Sibahan Cyclocheilichthys heteronema Pitulu Barbichthys Barbichthys leavis Mangkilek Cirrhinus Cirrhinus chinensis Limasai Luciosoma Luciosoma trinema Cangga Rasbora Rasbora borneensis Pantau Rasbora trilineata Silimang Labiobarbus Labiobarbus festivus Mali Epalzeorhynchos Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus Silimang batang Cobitidae Acantopsis Acantopsis dialuzona Tambang ayam Botia Botia hymenophisa Ciling-ciling Tabel 2. Jenis-jenis ikan yang ditemukan pada tiga stasiun penelitian No Spesies Nama daerah ST I ST ST II III 1 Puntius scwhanenfeldi (Bleeker, 1854) Kapiek √ √ √ 2 Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes, 1842) Paweh √ √ √ 3 O. wandersii (Bleeker, 1853) Lelan √ √ √ 4 Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) Sinahan √ √ √ 5 Barbichthys leavis (Valenciennes, 1842) Pitulu √ √ √ 6 Cyclocheilichthys heteronema (Bleeker, 1854) Mangkilek √ √ √ 7 Cirrhinus chinensis (Valenciennes, 1844) Limasai √ √ √ 8 Luciosoma trinema (Bleeker, 1852) Cangga √ √ √ 9 Rasbora borneensis (Bleeker, 1860) Pantau √ √ √ 10 R. trilineata (Steindachner, 1870) Silimang √ √ √ 11 Labiobarbus festivus (Heckel, 1843) Mali √ √ √ 12 Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus (Bleeker, 1850) Silimang batang √ √ √ 13 Botia hymenophisa (Bleeker, 1852). Ciling-ciling − √ √ 14 Acantopsis dialuzona (Van Hasselt, 1823 Tambang ayam √ − √ Jumlah 13 13 14 Keterangan: (−) : Tidak ditemukan selama penelitian. (√) : Ditemukan selama penelitian. Deskripsi Jenis-Jenis Cypriniformes di Sungai Rokan Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto Kabupaten Rokan Hulu a. Ikan Kapiek (Puntius schwanefeldi) Bleeker, 1854 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). 1 2 (a) (b) Gambar 3. (a) Ikan P. schwanefeldi. (b) Bagian kepala. Ket. 1. Garis hitam pada sirip punggung dan sirip ekor. 2. Sungut. Deskripsi: P. schwanefeldi memiliki panjang total 20,5 cm, bentuk tubuh pipih datar balateral simetris, bentuk kepala meruncing titak bersisik, memiliki mata yang besar, tipe mulut terminal, sepasang sungut yang terletak pada rahang bawah, tubuh ditutupi oleh sisik dan memiliki tipe sirip ekor bercagak. Rumus sirip D. I. 9; P. 14; V. 9; A. I. 7; C. 20, jumlah sisik pada linea lateralis berjumlah 34 sisik. Warna tubuh putih dengan punggung yang berwarna abu-abu kecoklatan dan perutnya putih mengkilat, sirip punggung merah dengan bercak kehitaman. Pada ujung sirip dada, perut dan dubur berwarna merah, sirip ekor berwarna merah atau orange dengan pinggiran garis hitam sepanjang cuping ekor. b. Ikan Paweh (Osteochilus hasselti) Valenciennes, 1842 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). 1 2 (a) (b) Gambar 4. (a) Ikan O. hasselti. (b). Bagian kepala. Ket. 1. Bintik bulat hitam pada batang ekor. 2. Sungut.
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