DRM – Agriculture Task Force Monthly Meeting

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resources Meeting Room

6th December 2018 DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Agenda 1. Welcome and Introduction 2. Approval of Minutes of 18th October 2018 3. Monthly updates: a. Early warning weather forecast b. Agriculture Sector Response Update/Monthly Dashboard c. Regional Agricultural Situational Update 4. Update on the status of major crop pests/diseases in Ethiopia 5. Enhancing Livestock Feed Security System 6. Meher Assessment: update and call for a separate meeting 7. AoB DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Minutes of Meeting from 18th October 2018 Action Points: ▪ Response Plan (for IDPs, Returnees and Host Community) draft to be circulated among DRM-ATF in November. ▪ FAW Gap Analysis draft to be circulated among DRM-ATF in November. ▪ NMA and MoALR to sit together, discuss and highlight recommendations that will be disseminated to the farmers. Mechanisms for dissemination to be discussed as well. DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Minutes of Meeting from 18th October 2018 Monthly Updates ▪ On-line survey to be circulated to DRM-ATF, and partners will fill up the questionnaire: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/DS9KGCY ▪ Sharing of the updated products with partners along with the reminder for the meeting invitation to review and provide feedback where any before publishing on www.humanitarianresponse.info ▪ MoALR requested that the regional update should be triangulated with NDRMC and MoALR at the next DRM-ATF meeting. DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly updates: ToR and Action Plans: ▪ Final versions of the Action Plan and ToR to be resend via email and DRM- ATF members to endorse them at the next meeting. Response Plan for IDPs, Returnees and Host Communities: ▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to visit Benishangul Gumuz soon and establish a focal point for DRM-ATF in the humanitarian coordination mechanism there. ▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to circulate the MoALR Response Plan with the TC members and consolidate the comments. ▪ Response Plan to be circulated among DRM-ATF before the next meeting. DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly updates: Meher Assessment: ▪ Agriculture Sector Coordinator to share the Check List as soon as possible and collect comments from DRM-ATF partners. ▪ DRM-ATF to have Meher Assessment related meeting in the following months. DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly updates: AoB: ▪ IPC Team to provide a presentation at the MoALR soon. ▪ The Agriculture Sector Coordinator to share the new EHF allocation with the DRM-ATF members today. ▪ MoALR to present about FAW and other crop pests/diseases at the next meeting. ▪ MoALR to share the results of the Pre-harvest Assessment. DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly Update:

Early warning weather forecast November 2018 Assessment and December 2018 Forecast Outline

• Weather Assessment month of November 2018 • Weather outlook month of December 2018 Moisture status distribution month of November Nov 1st dekad Nov 2nd dekad Nov 3rd dekad

14 14 14

Humid

12 12 12 Moist

10 10 10 Moderatly dry

8 8 8

Dry

6 6 6 Very Dry

4 4 4

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

Nov monthly MI

34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Vegetation Greenness (NDVI) in fraction - 2018 November

November 1 November 2 November 3

November 1 Rangeland WRSI in % - 2018 November

November 2 November 3 Summery ❖ During the first and second dekad of November some places exhibited moist to humid moisture condition due to unseasonal rainfall particularly the first half of the month. ❖ The situation might have negative impact for areas which are under harvest and post harvest activities. On the other hand the condition had positive impact for improving the availability of pasture and drinking water over eastern and north eastern pastoral and agro pastoral areas of the country. ❖ After the second half of the month the rainfall amount and distribution was decline and the observed dry Bega weather condition could favor the ongoing harvest and post harvest activities in most parts of Meher rain benefiting areas. ❖ Bega is the second rainy season for the southern and southeastern parts of the country, the received rain during the month could play positive impact for improving the availability of pasture and drinking water over pastoral and agro pastoral areas. Weather outlook month of December 2018 ❖ In normal condition, during the month of December most part of the country goes under dry moisture condition and some high land areas also experiences chilly and frosty weather conditions at night and morning time. ❖ In the coming month of December the Bega season dry moisture condition is expected to prevail across the country and this may intensify night and morning time coldness and chilliness over most of the high land areas and it may lead to the formation of frost. ❖ The forecasted dry and sunny condition should be taken as good opportunity to perform harvest and post harvest activities over the place where Meher season crops are fully matured. ❖ Thus, farmers are strongly advised to use this opportunity to collect fully matured crops. The night and morning time chilly and frosty condition may have negative impact on fruit and other horticulture plants. ❖ Therefore, farmers need to be assisted by agricultural professional for effective management of chilly conditions. ❖ On the other hand, light rainfall is expected over some few parts of the SNNPR, Somali and southern Oromiya and this may be favorable for Bega season crops and perennial plants as well as to ensure the availability of pasture and drinking water for the pastoral and agro pastoral community. ❖ In line with this, Bench Maji, Kefa, Guji, Borena, Liben, Afder, Gode, and Korahe low land areas are likely to experience light rainfall. The rest part of the country be expected dry moisture condition.

DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly Update:

Agriculture Sector Response Update / Monthly Dashboard DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Discussion:

Meher Assessment: update and call for a separate meeting Addis Ababa – 6th December 2018

Ethiopia Agriculture sector 2018 Information Management

19 Summary I. Timeline, Analysis and Updated products for the sector II. Assessment Registry III.HNO

20 Monthly Reporting and Product Timeline

Partners report to ALS on Maps update previous month 3Ws Collection of beneficiaries 5Ws report Dashboard data for monthly reached and Gap to OCHA Newsletter update plans if analysis needed

1st to 10th 15th 20th 25th 25th to 30th

21 I. Analysis HDRP Targets for Livestock Intervention

Regions Afar Amhara Oromia SNNPR Somali Tigray Total

Target 81,689 45,802 162,834 985,861 542,204 35,948 1,854,338

Regions Livestock Feb Mar Apr May June July August September October Percent

Afar 81,689 - 1,197 3,821 3,821 3,821 6,563 11,146 11,146 21,684 27%

Amhara 45,802 - - - 14,909 15,509 15,509 17,309 17,309 17,309 38%

Oromia 162,834 3,791 5,813 11,902 44,398 77,371 100,040 100,040 121,929 216,164 133%

SNNPR 985,861 10,763 11,513 12,263 14,649 37,582 37,582 38,582 38,582 39,541 4%

Somali 542,204 - 7,489 11,799 14,199 15,872 13,772 18,464 20,116 29,848 6%

Tigray 35,948 - - - - 49 1%

Total 1,854,338 14,554 26,012 39,785 91976 150,155 173,466 185,541 209,082 424,186 18% I. Analysis

HDRP Targets for Emergency seed and tools Intervention

Regions Afar Amhara Oromia SNNPR Somali Tigray Total

Target 7,228 28,792 45,290 18,955 288,626 1,364 390,240

Regions Agriculture Feb Mar Apr May June July August September October Percent

Afar 7,228 - 0%

Amhara 28,792 - 4,583 4,584 4,584 4,583 18,045 18,045 63%

Oromia 45,290 13,405 13,705 14,030 14,030 15,950 15,950 29,408 43,414 43,415 96%

SNNPR 18,955 2,360 3,077 5,228 6,798 8,500 8,500 22,878 32,511 33,687 178%

Somali 288,626 - 200 360 360 360 360 360 4,280 1%

Tigray 1349 - 1,364 101%

Total 390,240 15,765 16,782 19,458 25,771 29,393 29,393 57,229 94,330 100,791 26% II. Information Management products and outputs 1 5Ws ▪ Gap analysis figures for both response and funding Dashboard ▪ Sectors targets highlighted in the map ▪ Situational analysis in the month Gap Analysis ▪ Achievements and gaps against targets Informs response 2 ▪ Response using the hot spots classification

3 Maps 1. Agriculture Partners Presence Maps 2. Livestock Partners Presence Maps 3. Resilience Partners Presence Maps 4. Agriculture Sector Partners Presence Maps III. Assessment Registry ✓Assessment tracking to be shared among with partners in helping to make informed programmatic decisions

✓Fits in other food security analysis like IPC

✓Communication and advocacy support

✓Identify the key gap

31 Ethiopia: Humanitarian Needs Overview HNO

32 PURPOSE

The humanitarian needs overview (HNO) promotes a shared understanding of the impact and evolution of a crisis within the humanitarian country team (HCT) and informs strategic response planning.

HNO Global Guidance & Template : https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/programme-cycle/space/document/humanitarian-needs-overview-guidance-and-templates-updated-august-0 Humanitarian Programme Cycle (HPC)

Process

Data collection, Cluster and Validation & Planning consolidation & Inter-Sector Analysis Approval information gaps analysis 1 2 3 4 Timeline November Decembe January r 1. Planning • HNO Structure & Analysis Framework and HNO template Finalization by • Key indicators (Cluster & others) for Severity and HNO analysis 30 November • Severity of Needs methodology • Humanitarian Population methodology

2. Data Consolidation and Info Gaps

• Seasonal Assessment: Data Collection and Results

Secondary Data Analysis • Finalization by 21 • Response data (4W update) December • Periodic Monitoring Review update

• Household Economic Approach (HEA) – Results

• Displacement Tracking Matrix - data and results

3. Sectoral Analysis & Inter-sectoral Analysis

• Inter-sectoral People in Need

• Sectoral People in Need Finalization • Sectoral Severity of Needs by 10 January • Sectoral analysis and narrative for HNO -sectoral pages

• Inter-sectoral Severity of Needs

• Inter-sectoral analysis & narrative

• HNO Joint Analysis Workshop Detailed process timeline will be circulated for comments and review Proposed: Analytical Framework for HNO in Ethiopia

Impact on people + disruption People Moderate & Acutely The Severity of Needs Response and needs per of services and systems in need of assistance. (joint inter-sectoral sector, and gaps to be analysis) of humanitarian addressed. Coverage and needs, and consensus on scope of Development the critical humanitarian programmes underway. needs of a crisis-affected Level of access for population. humanitarian aid and the influence on aid delivery. Severity of Needs

“The Severity of Needs expresses the degree (or seriousness) of unmet needs, either through shortages and deficits or similar context-specific factors as opposed to fulfilment and wellbeing. The factors that make communities more vulnerable, such as people’s inaccessibility to aid, shocks (conflict, natural disasters), displacement etc. are also used in defining the Severity of Needs.” Proposed: Inter-Sectoral Severity of Needs

Scoring 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Scale No problem Minor Problem Moderate problem Major problem Severe problem Critical problem Catastrophic problem

Thematic Indicators Source % of IDP's hosted in the district DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-1.99% 2-9.99% > 10.00% % of new IDP’s in last six (6) months DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-2.99% > 3.00%

% of IDP's accessible (physical or security DTM-IOM 100.00% 99%-90% 89%-70% 69%-50% 40%-30% 29%-5% 5%-0%

constraints) Displacement MOH/ WHO Surveillance - Measles incidence 0 >0 - <2 >2 - <6 >6 - <10 >10 - <20 >20 - 30 > 30 Source to discucssed MOH/ WHO Surveillance - Acute Watery Diarrhoea 0 >0 - <1 1 - <10 10 - <100 100 - <200 200 - <500 >500 Source to discucssed MOH/ WHO Surveillance - CFR for AWD 0 >0- <0.25 >0.25- <0.5 >0.5- <0.75 >0.75- <1 >1- 1.5 >1.5 Source to discucssed MOH/ WHO Surveillance - Yellow Fever (YF) incidence 0 >0 - <2 2 -<5 5 - <8 8 - <10 10 - 15 > 15

Source to discucssed Health (Morbidity) MOH/ WHO Surveillance - Malaria Incidence 0 >0 - <2 2 -<6 6 - <10 10 - <15 15 - 25 > 25 Source to discucssed Survival Deficit ≥20% but Survival Deficit ≥50% but % of people facing survival deficit ( Number) HEA Survival Deficit <10% Survival Deficit ≥10% but <20% Survival Deficit ≥60% <50% <60% Duration of survival deficit for people below the HEA 3 6 9 12 survival threshold ( in months) % of IDPs with no access to food (except from DTM-IOM <1% >1% - <10% >10% - <20% >20% - <30% >30% and <75% >75% and <85% >85% humanitarian assistance) Below average crop Poor crop condition or Very poor crop condition or Below average crop condition or Very poor crop condition or condition or estimates estimates of high estimates of very high estimates of production losses estimates of very high Amount of crop production loss HEA of production losses (1 - production losses ( >20 - production losses >30%-<40% >(10 -<20% of the last five years production losses ( >40% of the 10% of the last five years <30% of the last five years of the last five years average) last five years average)

average) average) average) Food Secuirty and Nutrition and Secuirty Food SMART survey or Screeening <5% 5-9.9% 10-14.9% > or =15% > or =15% Proxy %GAM based on MUAC data % of population inaccessible due to conflict OCHA/NDMRC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10% % of IDP's hosted due to conflict DTM-IOM 0.00% 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.20% 0.21-0.80% 0.81-1.99% > 2.00%

Conflict No of conflict incidents inlast three years ACLED >1-<10 >10-<20 >20-<30 >30-<40 >40-<70 >70 No of flood events since 2010 OCHA/NDRMC 1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 11 12 to 21 >20 % of population inaccessible due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.05% 0.06-0.10% 0.10-0.99% 0.99-4.99% 5.-9.99% > 10%

Floods % of IDP's hosted due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-0.99% 1.00-4.99% > 5.00% Proposed: Inter-Sectoral Severity of Needs

% of People in need

<60-<70%

<50-<60% 6.Catastrophic problem <40-<50% 5. Critical 4. Severe problem <30-<40% 3. Major problem <20-<30% problem 2. Moderate <10-<20%% problem 1. Minor 0% problem

Scoring 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Scale No problem Minor Problem Moderate problem Major problem Severe problem Critical problem Catastrophic problem

% of IDP's accessible (physical or security DTM-IOM 100.00% 99%-90% 89%-70% 69%-50% 40%-30% 29%-5% 5%-0%

Floods % of IDP's hosted due to floods OCHA/NDRMC 0.01-0.10% 0.11-0.10% 0.11-0.50% 0.51-0.99% 1.00-4.99% > 5.00% Thank you! Questions? DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Monthly Update:

Regional Agricultural Situational Update Regional Disaster Risk Management – Agriculture Task Force Disaster Risk Manageme nt & Food Security Sector

FEDERAL DRM-ATF BRIEFING December 6, 2018

MoA conference room

[email protected] AFAR REGION PASTORA AGRO PASTORAL TASK FORCE Rainfall Amount & Distribution During this month light to heavy rainfall recorded in over most part of the region the max record was 54.8mm in Mille and the minimum in in Elidar 5.3 mm. Water and Pasture conditions Water is available in many part of the region except Kori, Bedu, Elida’ar, Erebti and Dubti/serdo kebele (Water tracking) Livestock disease • No major Livestock disease observed in the region and vaccination campaign was going on in 15 woredas of the region. Food Security • 2nd round emergency food assistance was for 446,881 people • 562,080 people benefited from 3rd round PSNP-IV food aid. AMHARA REGION AGRICULTURE TASK FORCE Rain Amount and Distribution • Ten Zones received below normal rainfall (below 75 mm). • Timely onset and cessation of current rainy season observed Crop (Meher season) • Planned for cultivation is 4438439 ha (MoA) • Planted area with crop 5082963ha (MoA) Pasture and water • most area of the region have been accessing pasture (grass) even Sehala, Abergele and Zequala districts • Livestock body is in good condition Food Security • Emergency food and material supplied for 14,608 IDP • During October, the third and fourth round emergency support did not reach to the beneficiaries: problem OROMIA REGION AGRICULTUREAL TASK FORCE Rain: • Five zones received below normal rainfall and Four zones received normal rainfall while one zone remained without rainfall. Crop stands Condition/Yield –Planned ha of land 6,060,095.40 ha (MoA) –Planted ha 5,834,034 ha (MoA) • Guji zone: Crops mainly I the lowland part is harvested • Borena zone: harvests is completed across the zone • Bale: harvesting is completed at lowland woredas benefiting from Belg, while Meher receiving highland areas have completed planting and at different stage of growth. • Livestock and pasture • Pasture availability improved & hence Livestock body condition. Food Security • Government and partners are providing food/cash for IDP : conflict (people in Kamashi zone of BG and Oromia areas bordering BG) SNNPR REGIONL UPDATE Rain: • 57 woredas have received Normal, while 79 Woredas were with Below Normal rainfall. Crop stands/conditions •Area planned to cover with different field crops was 971876 ha. (MoA) •1,122,549 ha of land covered with different crops (MoA) Most ‘meher’ season crops at flowering and maturing stage Pasture and Livestock: • There is good availability of pasture hence improved LS body condition. Food Security • Most IDP within the region have returned back and response decreased. • Nevertheless, 23,807 IDPs found in different parts of the region (as at October) got emergency food assistance SOMALI REGION AGRICULTURAL TASK FORCE Rain: • seasonal rains of Deyr was started most of the zones including: Siti, Jarar, Korahay, Dollo, Nogob, Erer, Shabelle, Afder, Liban and Dawa Crop • The total land area ploughed and planted is estimated to be 725,000 ha planted (rain fed or irrigation) (No pest outbreaks and other crop diseases). Pasture and Livestock (i.e. grasses and browse) • Since Deyr season rain shower is taking place in some parts of the region, fresh pasture and shrub started to regenerate • Livestock body condition • Improved; but now seems deteriorating. Food Security • No any ongoing emergency response after the flood emergency of past 2018 Gu’ season TIGRAY REGION AGRICULTURAL TASK FORCE Rain • The moisture condition declining • Western and Northwest zones have better rainfall coverage Crop Production/Yield • Area planned to cover with different field crops was 1,144,432 ha. (MoA) • 1,271,461 ha of land covered with different crops (MoA) Crop pest, type, infestation/areas affected • Crops on 16,232 ha of land infested by FAW but now controlled Livestock and Feed • Following the rainfall availability the pasture has improved Food Security • Fourth round is delivered to woredas and distribution to the beneficiaries will start soon. Thank you DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Presentations:

Update on the status of major crop pests/diseases in Ethiopia Current status of major crop pests and plant protection pest management system

Nov.2018 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Introduction

Ethiopian economy is based on agriculture ❖Crop production ❖ Livestock husbandry Agriculture provides ▪ > 80 % employment ▪ GDP of nearly 50% Introduction ▪ Ethiopia has diverse agro-ecologies suitable for most of the crops grown across the planet.

▪ Among many about 54 crop species are widely grown in their appropriate niches.

▪ All these crops have been suffering from the attack of insect pests, infection by disease causing plant pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes) and outcompeting weed species and vertebrate pests (Economic Pests Affecting Ethiopian Crops Production, Bayeh Mulatu, 2017).

▪ Plant Protection research reviewed lists of positively identified insect pests, disease causing pathogens, competing weed species, and vertebrate pests in Ethiopia (Tsedeke Abate, 1985, Abraham Tadesse, 2008 and 2009) . Major cereal crops in the National Economy

Production Productivity Area 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Teff Maize Wheat Sorghum Barley Finger

millet (ton/ha), Area (million ha) (million Area (ton/ha),

Production (million tons), Yield Yield tons), (million Production Cereal crops Ethiopia has increasingly attained self-sufficiency in maize production since early this decade and even exports some quantities to neighboring countries in years of surplus production. If production can be significantly expanded, the potential for maize export to all the neighboring countries is very high Introduction about maize

Maize in Ethiopia ➢ Stands first in total production (7.8 million MT) and productivity (3.6t/ha) ➢ Currently about 11 million HH (66% of the total rural HH) grow maize on over 3 million hectares. ➢ 75% of all maize produced consumed by each HH fulfilling 22% of the daily calorie needs ➢ Subsistence maize farming account for more than 95 % of the total maize area and production ➢ Annual yield gain of 68 kg/ha was recorded for maize in Ethiopia and only South Africa exceeded this figure (119 kg/ha/yr) in SSA. • Most diverse in types & utilization of all cereal crops: (sweet corn, pop corn, QPM, NM, baby corn; corn flake, Ugaliy, Sadez, Papa, beverage (beer, whisky…), corn oil, glucose, starch and sweetener, bio fuel (Ethanol fuel production) ..etc.,

❖In general maize is everything for Ethiopian farmers Economically Important Insect pests of maize in Ethiopia

So far; ➢ African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) ➢ Stalk borer species (Chilo partellus, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calmistis) ➢ Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis and R. padi) ➢ Maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais and S. oryzae), ➢ Angoumois Grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, ➢ Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncates (Horn) ➢ Termites

➢ Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. (New gust) Economically Important Diseases of maize in Ethiopia

• GLS Recently introduced disease: •MLN • TLB • CLR • PLS Other minor disease (HS) • MSV • Ear rot Category of economic pests and their proportion Positively identified species Pest category Number Proportion of the total Weeds 356 17.8 Insect pests of different crop 681 34.1 species Disease causing plant pathogens a. Bacteria 113 5.6 a. Fungus 570 28.5 a. Virus 76 3.8 a. Nematode 80 4.0 Diseases with unidentified 120 6.0 causative agent Newly introduced and established crop pests in Ethiopia since 2010 (MoANR PHRD, unpublished data 2017)

Source Intercepted pest Year Remark crop Maize Fall armyworm, Spodoptera 2017 Due to failure to detect early frugiperda transboundary movement of pests Pop corn Maize lethal necrosis disease 2015 Imported as grain from Argentina Fresh Black root rot, Chalara elegans 2016 Imported from Israel vegetables Nag Raj & Kendrick Fresh Bacterial leaf blight of tomato, 2016 Imported from Israel vegetables Pseudomonas viridiflava Lupin Pseudomonas viridiflava 2016 Imported seed Tomato South American tomato moth, 2012 Due to failure to detect early Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) movement of the pests Cotton Cotton mealybug 2010 In imported cotton seed from New pest species introduced recently in their category

1. New insect pests causing significant economic damage include ▪ Cotton mealy bug, ▪ South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ▪ Citrus woolly whitefly, ▪ White mango scale, ▪ Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). New pest species introduced recently in their category

2. New plant disease causing pathogens with significant economic damage : ▪ Maize lethal necrosis disease, ▪ Garlic rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk., which also affects onion when infected bulbs are used as planting material, ▪ Bacterial wilt of ginger, Ralstonia solanacearum and ▪ New races of wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici, ▪ Faba bean galls, Olpidium viciae Kusano . New pest species introduced recently in their category 3.Plant species that are invasive and were introduced into the country at different times and have been affecting the country significantly : ▪ Parthenium weed, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae); ▪ Water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms (Liliales: Pontederiaceae; ▪ Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC (Fabacea) ▪ Parasitic weed Orobanche crenata Forskal on faba bean ▪ Semi parasitic species witchweed, Striga spp Some Economic Pests in Ethiopia

Fruit boring by bollworm Leaf chewing by diamond back moth

Some Economic Pests in Ethiopia

Leaf mining by leaf miners Stem tunneling by stalk borer

Some Economic Pests in Ethiopia

WAA on apple stem WAA on apple roots Some Economic Pests in Ethiopia

MLND Maize Grey leaf spot of maize Newer Economic Pests Examples Newest Example: Fall Armyworm Newest Example: Fall Armyworm Pesticide Application in Ethiopia Pest management status in Ethiopia

 Pest management in Ethiopia has been going on for ages by traditional farmers who have been depending on the use of their indigenous knowledge and practices to manage pests

 Before the 1950s in Ethiopia agriculture was diversified and follows old custom trends in most of the country and farms used to experience extensive crop losses due to pests.

 In the 1950s the Ministry of Agriculture made great paces in plant pest control and started giving increased attention to other important pests besides the desert locust. Pest management status in Ethiopia

 It was in 1956 that a permanent locust control staff was organized and independently established with a budget and equipment and armyworm survey and some control actions were started.

 With the effect of increased occurrence of pests, needs have been emerged to handle study of crop pest problems, demonstration of modern equipment, pesticides, training personnel and performing import, export, Plant health clinic and plant quarantines has been established by Ministry of Agriculture. Pest management status in Ethiopia

 In the mid-1980s the structure was revised and its organization was raised from division to a department level.

 Nevertheless due to the widening service need, the capacity of the national plant protection support system was found inadequate

 Further institutional building activities were carried out between 1987 and 1992

 In response to this pest management support service structure revised and the Plant Health Regulatory Directorate General (PHRD) established with three directorates:  Plant Protection, Plant health quality control Plant variety release, and quality regulation directorates. Pest management status in Ethiopia

 National pest management support service system strategy developed in collaboration with professionals from relevant stake holders published by FAO assistance and distributed. (June, 2015)

 Currently PMSS given very limited attention and Pest management support service is not responsive and helping the pest management system.  Current Plant Protection pest management status 1. Migratory pest management (Desert Locust, AAW, FAW, Quelea) ▪ Monitoring, forecasting and early warning (Global, Regional, National and Community Based monitoring and early warning) ▪ Community focal persons and locust scouts sensitization and Capacity building ▪ Monthly bulletin preparation and feed back to region bureau of Agriculture and relevant stake holders ▪ Community based monitoring forecasting and early warning follow up ▪ Monitoring tools pheromone traps, mobile phones and tablets distribution to front line districts and villages for early detection How to use 1. turn on tablet 2. stop at survey location 3. take tablet during foot transect 4. press New report at location of foot transect (this may be away from vehicle) 5. enter data 6. take photo (optional) 7. return to vehicle 8. put antenna on dashboard, connect cable and plug into cigarette lighter socket 9. turn engine on 10. press Send & Save (transmission will start) 11. drive to next survey stop (no need to wait for transmission to finish) 12. repeat steps 3-11 13. keep tablet turned on all day Desert Locust breeding and outbreak areas in Ethiopia Desert Locust swarm over Addis Ababa on 14th May, 2014.

Desert Locust swarm in Eastern Ethiopia on April, 2014 with a man scaring the locusts by waving his close. • Emergency response plan • TOT, National technical committe • Mass awareness and mobilization • FAW Management strategy Monitoring, forecasting and EW •Army worm and FAW monitoring, Forecasting and Early warning Training of Trainers

Army worm and FAW moth monitoring forecasting and Early warning station in strategic front line and early planting areas (belg & Meher) Group Discussion about use and handling of Pheromone trap in Raya Alamata and Raya Azebo Districts

Demonstration how to handle Pheromone traps Pheromone traps FAW Moth Monitoring reports

Districts seka debub shebe sinbu Ginbo shebench benatsmay bahirdar cherkosa bench Daily trap trap trap Total date trap 1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2 1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2 1 trap 2 1 trap 2 trap 1 trap 2 10/10/2010 ---- 87 142 ------229 15/10/2010 ---- 227 214 87 58 91 39 ---- 716 20/10/2010 328 284 442 393 ------1447 28/10/2010 71 101 410 449 ------1031 29/10/2010 ---- 169 163 ------332 5/11/2010 353 380 557 472 ---- 30 40 ---- 1832 6/11/2010 ---- 111 116 ------227 7/11/2010 ------560 --- 560 13/11/2010 ---- 112 98 ------210 14/11/2010 ------470 --- 470 19/11/2010 ------0 5 34 68 ---- 107 20/11/2010 206 177 380 295 ------1058 21/11/2010 ------270 --- 270 4/12/2010 ---- 18 16 ------142 172 348 12/12/2010 172 172 13/12/2010 295 195 256 254 ------1000 total sum 1253 1137 2045 1863 724 749 87 63 155 147 1472 0 142 172 10009 FAW Moth Monitoring reports

No Districts Date 15-30/10/2010 Date 1-30/11/2010 Date 1-13/12/2010 Trap 1 Trap 2 Monthl Trap 1 Trap 2 Monthly Trap Trap 2 Monthl y summary 1 y summa summa ry ry 1 Seka 399 385 784 559 557 1116 295 195 490 Chekorsa 2 Shabe Senbo 852 842 1694 937 767 1704 256 254 510 3 Ginbo 483 519 1002 223 214 473 18 16 34 4 Sheh Bench 87 58 145 0 5 5 -- - 5 Debub Bench 91 39 130 64 108 172 -- - 6 Benatsmay - - - 1300 - 1300 172 - 172 7 Bahir Dar ------142 172 314 Total 1,912 1,843 3,755 3,083 1,651 4,734 883 637 1,520 FAW Moth catch pheromone traps Monitoring weekly and monthly Summary Month 1 date 15-30/10/2010 total moth catch = 3,755 Month 2 date 1-30/11/2010 total moth catch = 4,734 Month 3 date 1-13/12/2010 total moth catch =1,520 Grand total =10,009 FAW infestation in Ethiopia B. Season Long Monitoring of FAW

▪ As soon as Forecasters /Focal farmers and experts trained pheromone traps installed (2 per village) ▪ Traps Daily monitored, recorded and report sent to all level ▪ Depending on moth presence /absence information early warming given through any communication to the public ▪ Uniform data format shared ▪ Focal experts assigned at all level to prepare information and report to all relevant bodies ▪ Weekly data summary of each village reported by hard copy, email and mobile phones 12/10/2018 90 Moth Monitoring and recording (Daily activity in model villages (620)

29/06/2018 25/06/2018 or 18/10/2010 Moth Monitoring and recording (Daily activity in model villages (620)

22/06/2018 or 15/10/2010 27/06/2018 or 20/10/2010 Monthly Moth monitoring and Distribution Field day held in SNNPR TIP! do not log out (so you do not have to log back in next time)

Main menu Home page Status of FAW in Ethiopia ▪ The most infested crop is Maize and current field observation shows Sorghum area coverage increases than last year. ▪ The Main season coverage of infested area is in 8 administrative regional states, 393 Districts and 5,583 villages ▪ Total area planted 3.3 Million ha and infested area 643,877 ha which is 19% of total planted area. ▪ 163,692 (29%) treated by chemical, ▪ 408,590 (71%) managed by hand picking ▪ Total area treated 572,282 (89%) of total infested area ▪ 141,119 Liters of insecticide applie ▪ 1,279,022 Farmers participated (191,519 Female farmers) Status Of Fall Army worm out break and management

N Regio Zo Dist Village Planted Infested Chemical Cultural Total Control Insectici o (ha) des ha % ha % ha % ha % used (lt)

1 Oro 18 232 4,256 2,006,188 495,107 25 108,994 24. 341,404 75 450,398 91 104,379

2 Amhar 48,054. 11 85 942 702,046. 99,904 14 58 34,867 42 82,921 83 29,599 1 3 Dire 0 4 4 11,497 243. 2 291 100 0 0 291 90 291

4 Bensh 3 19 347 469,722 18,765 4 153 0.94 16,151 99 16,304 87 122 5 Gamb 3 14 265 75,667 13,433 18 416 4 9,867.4 96 10,283 77 832

6 Tig 6 34 125 54,777 16,233 29 5,737 47 6,272 53 12,009 74 5,827 7 SNNR 1 5 13 4353 192. 4. 47 62 29 38 76 39 67.75

Total 42 393 5,583 3,324,250. 643,877 19 163,692 29 408,590 71 572,282 89 141,119 . Status Of Fall Army worm out break and management

No Regions No of Districts Village Participated Total Zones s Farmers Male female 1 Oromia 18 232 4,256 816,932 129,494 929,092 2 Amhara 11 85 942 215,168 30,408 245,576 3 Dire Dawa 0 4 4 790 47 837 4 Benshangu 3 19 347 33,150 14,989 48,139 5 Gambella 3 14 265 12,917 5,954 18,871 6 Tigiray 6 34 125 25,777 10,592 36,369 7 SNNR 1 5 13 103 35 138 Tota 42 393 5,583 1,104,837 191,519 1,279,022 Community Orientation and Mobilization

Yenga degoma village Yenga degoma Village Mobilization Orientation in Secondary Schools Mobilization Orientation in Secondary Schools

25/06/2018 Hirmaannaa Barattootaan/ Students Participation

Hanee Da’oo Larvae Funaaname

Yeroo Barattootaan Funaanamu Community Mobilization Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018 Season Area (ha) 2017 2018 Difference Belg/Minor Planted area 371,377 624,994 +253,617 Season Infested 52,559 133,195 +80,636 Control 23,491 39,829 +16,338 Chemical Cultural 12,646 74,231 +61,585 Status of Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018

Season Area (ha) 2017 2018 Difference Major Planted area 2,065,655 3,020,931 +955,276 Season/ Infested (ha) 549,262 637,993 +88,731 Meher Chemical (ha) 235,535 163,592 -71,942 Cultural (ha) 337,126 401,667 +64,540 Pesticides Distribution and trends Region 2017 2018 Oromia 120,944 132,896 SNNPR 65,587 8,000 Amhara 57200 11,000 Tigray 13,748 7,000 Somali 2,000 3,000 Harari 5,000 2,000 Dire Dawa 1,000 0 Gambella 4,600 0 Benshanul 1,700 1,000 Afar 03,000 271,779 167,896 (61.7%) reduced by 38.3% Status of Fall Army worm out break and management in 2017 and 2018

Ethiopia is the largest wheat producer in SSA

Season Area Production Productivity Meher 1.6mha 3.9mton 2.5 t/ha Belg 63,196.03 ha 70,583.88 ton 1.12 t/ha

Average wheat productivity (t/ha) ❖ Ethiopian = 2.5 ❖ Global = 3.2 ❖ EthiopiaModel farmers = 5-8 Infectious diseases recorded on wheat in Ethiopia

❖Fungi -34 ❖Bacteria - 2 ❖Nematode - 4 ❖9 fungal diseases regularly attack wheat/widely in Ethiopia Fugal Pathogens Fungal Disease Most damaging Puccinia striiformis Stripe rust *** Puccinia graminis f.tritici Stem rust *** Septoria tritici Septoria leaf blotch *** Puccinia recondita Leaf rust ** Ustilago tritici Loose smut Gaeumannomyces graminis Take all Psedocercosporella Eye spot herpotrichoides Helminthosporium tritici- Tan spot repentis Fusarium graminearum Head blight ** Infectious diseases recorded on wheat in Ethiopia

Resistance breakdown

cultivar Race identification (e.g. TTKSK and TKTTF) Rust host status facilitating survival, inoculum multiplication and source- green bridging status

Disease Pathogen Primary hosts Alternate hosts Leaf rust P. triticina BW and DW, triticale Thalictrum, Anchusa, Isopyrum, Clematis Stem rust P. graminis f. BW and DW, barley, - Berberis vulgaris sp.tritici triticale - Berberis holstii

Stripe P. striiformis f. BW and DW, triticale, a rust sp. tritici few barley cultivars ❖Collateral ✓Lolium temulentum ✓Setaria pumila ❖Stem rust from L. multforum, ✓Avena fatua ✓Snowdenia polystachahya Hordeum spp & Setaria spp ✓Cynodon dactylon infect wheat ✓Bromus pictinatus ✓Euphorbia shiperiana ❖Yellow rust was noted on Phalaris spp and found poorly sporulating on s wheat variety. Any ways grass weeds management is highly advisable. Wheat ▪ Wheat rust advisory technical committee established (MoA, EIAR, ATA, CIMMYT) ▪ 50 front line districts selected from four regions for early warning ▪ DAs , District experts, zones and regions trained to conduct monitoring and survey ▪ Research centers and PHCs linked to conduct seasonal survey ▪ IVR-SMS system used to transfer data early for early intervention ▪ Global forecast, meteorology information as well as forecast and survey result used to give early warning to region bureaus ▪ Advisory team from CIMMYT and EIAR given forecast and early warning for three months ▪ Following advisory forecast technical backstopping carried out to assist management, input (Fungicide) supply, distribution and use and handling 2017 and 2018 wheat rust outbreak control comparison Wheat Rust information 2017 2018 Remarks ▪ Infested regions 4 4 ▪ Infested zones 35 27 ▪ Infested Districts 229 144 ▪ Total area infested (ha) 271,170 220,310 ▪ Total area treated (ha) 250,088 193,314 ▪ Success 92% 87.74% Currenc y ▪ Amount of fungicides 209,253 112,772 d/t dose applied  However, for the purpose of control of migratory pest (desert Locust, army worm and grain eating birds), Information collection, Monitoring, forecasting and Early Warning activities are being undertaken.

 The activities are done at Regional Level Forecasting (DLCO- EA), National Level Forecasting (PHRD, MOA), Community Based Armyworm Monitoring, Forecasting and Early Warning Program (Front line villages and Target Districts).

 Monitoring and collection of information is done through utilization of Pheromone traps, lures that are located at national sites and Community based front line Districts and villages and the information are conveyed through mobile SMS by  CAPACITY BUILDING

 One of the main focuses of the MoA had been the provision of in- service training trainings based on assessment of needs of field staff, preparation of training programs and materials and conduct the trainings.

 Technologies, information and knowledge that have been generated by the research system have been compiled into crop production packages’ components and have been delivered to users in different training forums.

 Production and distribution of training materials and provision of trainings to development agents.  CAPACITY BUILDING

 Trainings for locust control scouts, forecasters and experts working at different levels are being delivered.

 Training of locust scouts and community elders is undertaken annually in collaboration with DLCO-EA in Eastern and North eastern Ethiopia (Somali, Oromia, Dire Dawa, Afar, Tigray and Amhara regions).  REGULAR PESTS MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SERVICE

 In the last about one decade, the pest management support service that has been given by the MoANR to smallholders was declining and significantly reduced in the last about five years and has reached its lowest point

 Control of Desert locust, migratory birds and army worm is left to the ministry while routine control of regular pest in the hands of regions CHALLENGES AND GAPS

 Insufficient facilities, equipment and manpower

 Absence of Post Entry Quarantine and pest free area system

 The need to carry out pest survey and surveillance

 Insufficient training for the plant protection personnel

 Absence of proper plant quarantine policy

 Absence of revision of plant quarantine regulation

 Poor importation control

 Lack of awareness

 Failure to implement the Pest Management Support Service strategy

 Pesticides use and handling problems, illegal trade, etc ?????? CHALLENGES AND GAPS

▪ Lack of laboratory to conduct quality control of imported pesticides

▪ In the process of pesticide registration, shortage of trained man power,

▪ Lack of awareness on pesticide related legislations Illegal and

▪ low quality dossier are some of the problems encountered.

▪ Limited resource to carry out year round area wide pest survey, awareness creation and technical assistance to farmers at all level Thank you for your kind attention!!! DRM – Agriculture Task Force

Presentations:

Enhancing Livestock Feed Security System Enhancing Livestock Feed Security System: Early Warning Systems and Feed Banks

Harinder Makkar

International Consultant & Adjunct Professor, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Guest Professor: - Nanjing University, China - Gansu University, China - University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia - University Agriculture, Mongolia Outline Aimed to enhance drought preparedness through development of early warning systems …. driven by national organizations (with the support of international organizations) • Predictive Livestock Early Warning System (PLEWS) establishment in Ethiopia • Feed Security Assessment in Ethiopia: training & implementation of an FAO tool Aimed to enhance feed availability during droughts to prevent animal deaths and increase livestock productivity and livelihoods (have to be market oriented and based on business models) • Fodder production and management … a global view from FAO Projects • Strategic feed bank establishment for drought-prone areas (only this covered here) • Animal feed based entrepreneurship development • An innovative 3-phase feeding strategy for livestock production in drought-prone areas Predictive Livestock Early Warning System (PLEWS) establishment in Ethiopia What is PLEWS? The Predictive Livestock Early Warning System is an innovative early warning tool that predicts forage availability.

A prediction over the next six months as to what is most likely to happen to forage availability.

The PLEWS is a system that uses NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data and models this against edible vegetation (based on high resolution satellite imagery and ground truthing), surface water availability, soil condition.

It generates Fodder Condition Score (FCI), monthly which can be aggregated to a season or a year What are its applications?

• Assist in planning and preparedness for droughts. • Assist in augmenting National Drought Management Authority contingency fund disbursement based on evidence • Provides lead time for resource mobilization, leading to better planning and preparedness • Provides easy to use visualization maps for decision support. What are its applications? Can assist in differentiating available biomass for different kinds of livestock based on palatability/preference

Can provide a direct linkage of available biomass on rangelands that can be used in feed inventories

Due to climate change, predictive tool is designed to improve adaptive management decisions for improved drought response.

Helps in better understanding of forage availability, livestock production, livelihood and malnutritional status of mothers and infants. Forage Condition Index (FCI)

Color FCI values Forage Condition 3-monthly average >50 Good Forage Condition 35 to 50 Normal Forage Condition 21 to 34 Moderate Forage Deficit 10 to 20 Severe Forage Deficit <10 Extreme Forage Deficit Jan Feb March April May June

July Augus Sept Oct Nov t

PLEW MAPA OF KENYA FOR 2017 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Observations: January 2017 a) it is getting dryer and there February have been three full years with March limited recovery (since the end of April 2013) May b) Conditions are predicted to continue to June worsen until June where some slight July improvement is expected. This August does however very much depend September on the performance of the March, April, October May rains which are already November delayed. December Linking PLEWS values to malnutrition and livelihood dependence on Natural Resources

Note that in the following graphs, there is a direct relationship between MUAC plot and FCI which is significant at 0.001 (95% confidence interval).

MUAC = Mid Upper Arm Circumference Indicator FCI Indicator

SOURCE: NDMA SOURCE:(for MUAC dataPLEWSand for FCIdata

at risk from Malnutrition from risk at not Percentage of under 5 children children 5 under of Percentage Core messages from PLEWS studies related to Nutrition .. Kenya

• Targeting areas where livestock play a more important role in livelihoods will have a greater impact on nutrition indications (example Kilifi vs Isiolo or Barrringo).

• Targeting breeding / milking herds (primarily those that do not move with the main herd) must be the no. 1 priority. These animals should be provided with access to water and a ration that accounts for milk production

• Long term focus on agricultural production is and absolute necessity. Decades or under investment in the agricultural sector is a serious threat to future food security. Animal Feed Security Assessment Tools Animal Feed Security Assessment Tools

• Unavailability of feeds and water scarcity -- main causes of livestock mortality during droughts.

• The feed security assessment is a key element in the early warning system

• Challenge: unavailability of Animal Feed Security Assessment Tool that could be integrated into food security and nutrition assessment tools Objectives

• Assess the performance of long rains and their impact on feed security in pastoral, agro- pastoral and mixed crop-livestock areas

• Identify livelihood zones/wards which will need assistance towards provision of livestock feed Scope • Assessment of feed security at the community level -- could be a Kebele, Wordera, Zone or Region

• Assist donors, international and national agencies and livestock farmers to better plan the feed requirements for the drought as well as the normal periods.

• Assessment at the household level

• Help understand the relationship between livestock feed availability, animal source food production, human nutrition and livelihood.

• Information generated would assist planners to give due weightage to livestock production in relation to human nutrition and livelihood of livestock farmers including pastoralists.

• Aggregated values give feed security situation in a village. Basis

• Feed assessment, livestock population and then feed balance

• Feed assessment in Pastoral areas – Pictorial evaluation tool (PET)

• Feed assessment in Agro-pastoral & Mixed crop livestock systems – PET plus conversion of grain and oilseeds amount to their by-products (crop residues and oilseed cakes) plus cultivate fodder, if any

• Body condition score using PET Reporting

Out of 4 months of drought period, if feed availability is for: a) 3 months, severity of feed insecurity: Minimal b) 2 months, severity of feed insecurity: Stressed c) 1 month, severity of feed insecurity: Crisis d) If the Body Condition Score (BCS) is 1 or approaching 1 & feed availability is for less than one month, the situation is grave and severity of Feed Insecurity ‘Crisis’ Observation level -- PET Picture library and forage biomass quantity Strategic feed bank establishment for drought-prone areas Feed Balance for 10 Regions of Ethiopia Percent Feed balance as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) Region Feed balance, Feed balance, Feed balance, DM (%) ME (%) CP (%) Tigray -17.4 -50.9 -48.6 Afar -35.1 -50.9 -48.1 Amhara -9.6 -46.6 -43.2 Oromia -4.0 -43.04 -41.6 Somali +31.5 -3.4 +2.0 Benishangul- +173.9 +63.7 +92.9 Gumuz SNNPR* -34.2 -59.4 -53.7 Gambela +284.3 +141.3 +164.9 Harari -59.7 -74.3 -79.1 Dire Dawa -50.6 -66.3 -72.5 TOTAL -9.4 -45.2 -42.3 Biomass Availability .. Ethiopia (http://www.fao.org/3/CA1718EN/ca1718en.pdf ) Crop residue / brans

Sugarcane tops Sugarcane bagasse

Grass hay

Oilseed cakes

Pulse by-products

Browses/bushes A conceptual framework for feed bank establishment

Sugarcane tops Sugarcane bagasse (373000 tonnes) Grass hay (4.7 million tonne) - Densified block manufacturing units and/or - Hay/crop residue densification

Fodder/feed bank

If 50% of + can be utilized - Cover feed requirement, @ 2.5% BW, of 4.44 million cattle or 44.4 million shots for 90 days Focus on densification .. block, cube or pellet production Feed Technologies • Total mixed ration formulation (mesh form) – a complete feed with all ingredients

• Tube/pit silage formation

Tube silage Pit silage

• Chopped fodder/forage supply Feed Technologies • Production of straw-, bagasse- or hay-based feed blocks

• Production of straw-, bagasse- or hay-based feed pellets Feed Technologies • Production of forage/fodder cubes

• Production of large scale total mixed ration Agriculture equipment making companies ….local production • Choppers and shredders

• Production of large-scale total mixed ration • machines Agriculture equipment making companies … local production

• Forage pellet and block making machine

• Straw mowers and pick-up machines Agriculture equipment making companies … local production

• Fodder mower • Fodder, brewers grain or high moisture feed dryer

• Straw shredders Thanks for your attention DRM – Agriculture Task Force Any Other Business

And thank you for Attendance ANNEX 1 – ATTENDANCE LIST Organizations Acronym Name Surname Position Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Abdulsemed Abdo Advisor to Agri State Minister Food and Agriculture Organization / DRM- Agriculture Task Force FAO/ATF Farshad Tami Cluster/Sector Coordinator Food and Agriculture Organization / DRM- Agriculture Task Force FAO/ATF Iga Denis Espico Cluster/Sector IMO Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Mahlet Mulugeta Resilience Support Officer Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Akloweg Nigatu National Project Coordinator Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Harinder Makkar Livestock Feed Consultant/Expert Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Getachew Mulite Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Esayas Lemma Exention Director Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Zebdwos Salato Crop pests & diseases Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Resource MoALR Mekonnen W/Gebriel Livestock National Meteorology Agency NMA Yimer Asefa Metrologist USAID/OFDA USAID Sintayehu Manaye Action Against Hunger AAH Temesgen Tamiru Deputy Food Security, Livelihoods and Disaster Risk Management Technical Advisor Agro-pastoral initiative for development API Remedan Awel Mohammed A. Programs Caritas Switzerland CACH Ebisa Gashu Catholic Relief Service CRS Wondimu Bayu Development Fund of Ethiopia DFE Edries Mohammed Agriculture development Advisor Food for the Hungry Ethiopia FHE Elias Worku Early Warning Coordinator Lutheran World Federation LWF Betselot Teklu Programme Coordinator Mothers and Children Multisectoral Development Organisation MCMDO Tamrat Habte EHF Project Coordinator (Addis) Norwegian Refugee Council NRC Yared Ayele Food Security Coordinator Norwegian Refugee Council NRC Mary Khozowbah LFS Specialist Relief Society of Tigray REST Yibrah Hagos Sen. Fundraising Officer Save the Children International SCI Tesfu Kahsay TTL, Livelihoods, Resilience and WaSH Self Help Africa SHA Moges Gobena Project Manager Vétérinaires Sans Frontières - Germany VSF-G Merkeb Belay M&E Manager Vétérinaires Sans Frontières - Switzerland VSF-S Amanuel Kassie SPSS and DS Coordinator