DOCSLIB.ORG

ILI'i 'O LISEGA 'O LE FANAA'e Missionary and Government Influences on Samoan Language Change 1906-2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ILI'i 'O LISEGA 'O LE FANAA'e Missionary and Government Influences on Samoan Language Change 1906-2014 ‘O LI‘ILI‘I ‘O LISEGA ‘O LE FANAA‘E Missionary and government influences on Samoan language change 1906-2014 Sadat Petelo Tuimuaiava A thesis Submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2020 ABSTRACT The arrival of the missionaries and foreign administrations1 in Sāmoa in 1830 and 1900, respectively, initiated a surge in the integration of foreign types (words) in the gagana Sāmoa (Samoan language). To date, research regarding changes to the gagana as a result of this contact has largely been observational (Pratt 1862, Cain 1986, Mosel and Hovdhaugen 1992, Allardice 2000, Lāmeta 2005, Tamasese 2005, Ma‘ia‘i 2010, Macpherson 2010, Kruse-Vā‘ai 2011, Ma‘ilo 2016). While these studies are valuable, this study seeks to enhance current research through a systematic and empirical examination of changes to the gagana. As a result, this research is guided by three research questions: 1. What can a diachronic analysis of the lexicons of lāuga fa‘amatai and lāuga fa‘alelotu tell us about language change in gagana Sāmoa since the arrival of the missionaries in 1830? 2. What has been the nature of language contact between lāuga fa‘amatai and lāuga fa‘alelotu? 3. To what extent can changes in the gagana Sāmoa be attributed to social change? Fa‘afaletui and Corpus methodologies were used. The Fa‘afaletui methodology is a Samoan methodology used to obtain the perceptions of insider informants about changes to the gagana. The corpus methodology was used as an empirical method to also analyse changes to the gagana. To investigate changes to the gagana over time and at specific periods, four indicator years were used for the corpus to represent a significant period of social contact in Sāmoa. These are: 1906, 1944, 1977 and 2014. From the corpus of Sulu Sāmoa and Sāvali texts from 1906-2014, a combined word list consisting of 1,475 foreign types was identified. The perceptions of insider informants point to the profound influence of the missions on the gagana, and how the written word, particularly the translation of the Bible, aided religious conversion and formalised new ideologies and vocabularies. Their perceptions also point to the considerable influence of government on the gagana in the areas of government divisions and 1 Foreign administrations here refer to the formal establishment of the German and New Zealand administrations in 1900 and 1914 respectively. It does not include consulates that were in place in Sāmoa prior to 1900. 2 education. In addition, the lack of gagana standardisation and the increase in Samoan population movement and growth in metropolitan centres have intensified language change. The fa‘afaletui sessions were enhanced by the corpus findings which indicate that over time, the evolution of foreign words into the gagana was integrated using five different lexical constructions and demonstrate the Samoan language has changed considerably between 1906- 2014. The implementation of the fa‘afaletui and corpus methodologies meets the Pacific research aims of this research in that it values the use of both Pacific and non-Pacific methodologies for Pacific language research. This research offers a platform for examining changes to gagana Sāmoa over time that draws on the perspectives of insider informants and data from newspaper texts. The examination is an in-depth discussion and overview of the influences of the mission Church and Westminster State on changes to the gagana and provides a holistic approach and appreciation of the correlations between language and the social environment. Finally, this research values the call by Teaiwa (2009) for more Pacific-related research that values and incorporates both Pacific and non-Pacific methodologies. 3 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to our late grandparents, my father’s parents Tuimuai‘ava Ioane and Asosa‘asa‘a To‘iaivao Tuimuai‘ava and my mother’s parents Leatuāvao Matai‘a Fa‘alata and Tagisia Vaisigano Leatuāvao, whose gagana and fa‘amanuiaga we have inherited. I felt your spirits with me during this journey. ‘O lā ‘outou tautua ma alolofa ‘i le nu‘u, ‘ekālesia, fa‘afeagaiga ‘o le nu‘u, lea ‘ua fua mai. E manatua pea ‘outou ‘i o mātou loto ma agaga. Tuimuai‘ava Ioane Tuimuai‘ava Leatuāvao Matai‘a Fa‘alata Leatuāvao and Asosa‘asa‘a To‘iaivao and Tagisia Vaisigano Leatuāvao Tuimuai‘ava 4 ‘O LA‘U FA‘AFETAI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Aua ne‘i iā te’i matou, le Ali‘i e, ‘aua ne‘i iā te’i matou, a ia tu‘uina atu le vi‘iga i lou Suafa, ‘ona ‘o lou alofa ma lou fa‘amaoni.” (Salamo 115: 1). First and foremost I would like to give all praise and thanks to God for His guidance and endless love. Tamā, fa‘afetai ‘i lou alofa. ‘Ia vi‘ia lou Suafa e lē aunoa. I would like to thank Professor Dr. John Macalister and Associate Professor Dr. Tamasa‘ilau Suaali‘i-Sāuni for their knowledge and patience throughout this journey. God Bless you both abundantly. Thank you to my Va ‘aomanū ‘āiga for your love and support. To our dear colleague Associate Professor Teresia Teaiwa who passed away last year, thank you for all your love and support throughout the years. It has never been the same without you. We miss you! Thank you to our church congregation, the Congregational Christian Church of American Sāmoa (EFKAS) in Wainuiomata for your never-ending prayers and support. Fa‘afetai le nofo tatalo. Le susū ‘i lau Susūga ‘i le Toeā‘ina ma le faletua, le Susū ‘i Susūga ‘i A‘oa‘o Fesoasoani ma ‘outou faletua, le Nofoase‘etasi ‘o le Matāgaluega, lau Afioga ‘i le Ti‘ākono Toeā‘ina Pātea Misa Pātea ma lou faletua Veta Patea, Afioga ‘i Ti‘ākono ma ‘outou faletua, Ti‘ākono Tinā ma o ‘outou ali‘i, le nofoamatāfale ‘o le ‘Ekālesia, mātua tausi ‘o si o tātou ‘Ekālesia, se‘ia o‘o ‘i lalovaoa, a‘o le pa ‘ia lava fo‘i lea ‘o Sāmoa ‘ua potopoto, mai lava le Tai Samasama nai Saua se‘ia pa‘ia le Tai ‘Ula‘ula na tauilo ai mālō. Fa‘afetai mo talosaga, fa‘afetai mo le tapuā‘iga. Le tapuā‘iga a le Matāgaluega EFKAS a Niu Sila ma ‘Ausetalia, lau Susūga ‘i le Toeā‘ina Māfutaga Fa‘aleaogā ma lou faletua La‘ia Fa‘alēaogā. Le Pulega EFKAS ‘i Uelegitone, lau Susūga ‘i le Fa‘afeagaiga Ieremia ma Lagi Allan, le nofo a fa‘afeagaiga ma ‘outou faletua, fa‘afetai le nofo tatalo. Fa‘afetai fo‘i ‘i le tapuā‘iga a le Māfutaga a Faife‘au So‘ofa‘atasi a Uelegitone, lau Susūga ‘i le Ta‘ita‘ifono ma le laulauafono, Susū ‘o Toeā‘i‘ina, Afioga ‘i Sea ma Pātele, susūga ‘i fa‘afeagaiga, fa‘afetai tele ‘o lā ‘outou pule lea. ‘O ‘upu a le atunu‘u, ‘o le tagata ma lona gafa, ‘o le tagata fo‘i ma lona fa‘asinomaga. ‘Avea lenei avanoa e momoli ai la‘u fa‘afetai ‘i le tapuā‘iga a fa‘afeagaiga taulagi ‘uma ‘o Sāfa‘ato‘a 5 ma Faleāse‘elā. Lau Susūga ‘i le Toeā‘ina Nomeneta ma Taua Simanu, lau Susūga ‘i le Fa‘afeagaiga I‘aeva ma Fatu‘olo Amitai, lau Susūga ‘i le Fa ‘afeagaiga Mōtuga ma Sioi Matagi (Tuimuaiava), fa‘afeagaiga ma o lātou faletua, fa‘apea la tātou ‘Ekālesia EFKS ‘i Sāfa‘ato‘a- Tai ma le ‘Ekālesia Katoliko ‘i Faleāse‘elā-Tai. Fa‘afetai mo talosaga mōlia. Mālō le tapua‘i. Momoli la‘u fa‘afetai ‘i le tapuā‘iga a o‘u nu‘u, le Afifio ‘o le ‘Āiga Sātuala, le Uso ma le ‘Ailaoa, le Susū ‘o Lavasi‘iuta ma Lavasi‘itai, le Tafa‘i Pa‘ia, lau Tōfā Tuimuai‘ava, le mamalu lava lea ‘iā te ‘oe Tuisāvailu‘u ma lou Nofoitū‘āiga. Fa‘apea le Taulagi ma Matua ‘o Sātuala, To‘oto‘o ‘o Ma‘auga ma le mamalu ‘i le Faleā‘ana. Le tapuā‘iga ‘i le Tama ‘Āiga ma le Falefitu ‘o le ‘Āiga Taua‘ana ma ‘upu ‘iā te ‘oe Falelātai, le tapuā‘iga a le ‘Āiga Sā Gauifaleai ma Tuisāmau, fa‘apea Sālevalasi, le Afio ‘o le Sa‘o Fa‘apito ma le Ulua‘i Sa‘o ma le mamalu ‘i le Faleātua. Fa‘afetai le tatalo! ‘O le talitonuga a Sāmoa anamuā, e mou le tino, ‘ae feso‘ota‘i pea mauli ma mātua ‘ua fai ‘i lagi le folauga. E manatua ma le alofa mātua a o mātou mātua, Tuimuaiava Ioane Tuimuaiava ma Asosa‘asa‘a To‘iaivao Tuimuaiava, Leatuāvao Fa‘alata Matai‘a Leatuāvao ma Tagisia Vaisigano Leatuāvao, matou te alolofa tele mo ‘outou. Le tapuā‘iga a nai o‘u ‘āiga, lau Tofā i le Tafa‘ipa‘ia Tuimuaiava Alofipō Toso ma Tai Tuimuaiava; Leatuāvao Lupematasila Masoe Atonio and Taua Leatuāvao, Leatuāvao Vito ma Silafa‘i Leatuāvao; Le’ausalilō Petelo ma Maima, Taualumaga Kitiona Tuimuaiava ma Finao Tuimuaiava, Lilomaiava Iulio ma Fa’asalafa Pati; my late uncle Le’ausalilō Ameto ma Alofa; Le’ausalilō Tasi ma Asofa, Tausaga Leatuāvao ma Leota Mū, Molia and Jeff Tuimuaiava; Tāvita ma Selau Lologa; Aneta ma Eikiumeni Fau‘olo, ‘Auala Enele ma Sitoga Tuimuaiava, nai o‘u tausoga fa‘apea o‘u uso ma tuafāfine, Semisi ma ‘Ula, Matai‘a Susana, Peter ma le fānau, Le‘ausālilō Kasi, Azaria ma le fānau, Tea ma Fatiala Tiso Sa‘olele ma baby Nu‘ulua, Sānita ma Fa‘aeteete Faituā ma baby Pelenatete, ma Asosa ‘asa ‘a Tuimuaiava. E manatua pea le tuafāfine ‘o le matou tua‘ā, Fa‘asalafa ma Lei‘ataua Tokuma, sā mātou nofo ā‘o‘oga ai ‘i Sogi, Sāmoa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Individuality, Collectivity, and Samoan Artistic Responses to Cultural Change
    The I and the We: Individuality, Collectivity, and Samoan Artistic Responses to Cultural Change April K Henderson That the Samoan sense of self is relational, based on socio-spatial rela- tionships within larger collectives, is something of a truism—a statement of such obvious apparent truth that it is taken as a given. Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Taisi Efi, a former prime minister and current head of state of independent Sāmoa as well as an influential intellectual and essayist, has explained this Samoan relational identity: “I am not an individual; I am an integral part of the cosmos. I share divinity with my ancestors, the land, the seas and the skies. I am not an individual, because I share a ‘tofi’ (an inheritance) with my family, my village and my nation. I belong to my family and my family belongs to me. I belong to my village and my village belongs to me. I belong to my nation and my nation belongs to me. This is the essence of my sense of belonging” (Tui Atua 2003, 51). Elaborations of this relational self are consistent across the different political and geographical entities that Samoans currently inhabit. Par- ticipants in an Aotearoa/New Zealand–based project gathering Samoan perspectives on mental health similarly described “the Samoan self . as having meaning only in relationship with other people, not as an individ- ual. This self could not be separated from the ‘va’ or relational space that occurs between an individual and parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles and other extended family and community members” (Tamasese and others 2005, 303).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Assessment and Overview National Park of American Samoa
    PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 152 ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT AND OVERVIEW NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA November 2006 Jocelyn Linnekin1, Terry Hunt, Leslie Lang and Timothy McCormick 1 Email: JOCELYN.LINNEKIN@uconn.edu. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut Beach Hall Room 445, U-2176 354 Mansfield Road Storrs, Connecticut 06269-2176 Ethnographic Assessment and Overview The National Park of American Samoa Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii List of Slides v Preface: Study Issues vi Maps vii Key to Maps x I. The Environmental Context 1 Climate and Vegetation 1 The National Park Environments 4 II. Archaeology and Samoan Prehistory 8 Early Settlement 8 Later Inland Settlement 9 Late Prehistoric Period 9 European Contact and the Historical Period 10 Archaeology in the National Park Units 10 III. Research Methodology 15 Documentary Phase 15 Field Research 15 Limitations of the Research 17 IV. Ethnohistory 22 Myths and Legends Relevant to the Park 22 The European Contact Period 25 Western Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Reports 31 V. Agriculture and Domestically Useful Plants 46 Tutuila Unit 46 Ta'u Unit 49 Ofu Unit 51 Summary 52 VI. Marine Resources 53 Tutuila Unit 53 Ta'u Unit 57 Ofu Unit 58 Summary 61 i VII. Medicinal Plants 63 Ofu Unit 63 Ta'u Unit 66 Tutuila Unit 66 Summary 67 VIII. Analysis of Freelist Data 75 Crops and Cultivated Plants 76 Medicinal Plants 81 Fish and Marine Species 84 Animals and Birds 86 Summary of the Freelist Results 88 IX.
    [Show full text]
  • Samoan Research Methodology
    VolumePacific-Asian 23 | Number Education 21 | 2011 Pacific-Asian Education The Journal of the Pacific Circle Consortium for Education Volume 23, Number 2, 2011 SPECIAL ISSUE Inside (and around) the Pacific Circle: Educational Places, Spaces and Relationships SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORS Eve Coxon The University of Auckland, New Zealand Airini The University of Auckland, New Zealand SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Elizabeth Rata The University of Auckland, New Zealand Diane Mara The University of Auckland, New Zealand Carol Mutch The University of Auckland, New Zealand EDITOR Elizabeth Rata, School of Critical Studies in Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Email: e.rata@auckland.ac.nz EXECUTIVE EDITORS Airini, The University of Auckland, New Zealand Alexis Siteine, The University of Auckland, New Zealand CONSULTING EDITOR Michael Young, Institute of Education, University of London EDITORIAL BOARD Kerry Kennedy, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong Meesook Kim, Korean Educational Development Institute, South Korea Carol Mutch, Education Review Office, New Zealand Gerald Fry, University of Minnesota, USA Christine Halse, University of Western Sydney, Australia Gary McLean, Texas A & M University, USA Leesa Wheelahan, University of Melbourne, Australia Rob Strathdee, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Xiaoyu Chen, Peking University, P. R. China Saya Shiraishi, The University of Tokyo, Japan Richard Tinning, University of Queensland, Australia ISSN 1019-8725 Pacific Circle Consortium for Education Publication design and layout: Halcyon Design Ltd, www.halcyondesign.co.nz Published by Pacific Circle Consortium for Education http://pacificcircleconsortium.org/PAEJournal.html Pacific-Asian Education Volume 23, Number 2, 2011 CONTENTS Editorial Eve Coxon 5 Articles Tala Mai Fafo: (Re)Learning from the voices of Pacific women 11 Tanya Wendt Samu Professional development in the Cook Islands: Confronting and challenging 23 Cook Islands early childhood teachers’ understandings of play.
    [Show full text]
  • MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa
    Supplementary Materials (SM) MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa Sasan Rabieh 1,*, Odmaa Bayaraa 2, Emarosa Romeo 3, Patila Amosa 4, Khemet Calnek 1, Youssef Idaghdour 2, Michael A. Ochsenkühn 5, Shady A. Amin 5, Gary Goldstein 6 and Timothy G. Bromage 1,7,* 1 Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; khemet.calnek@nyu.edu (K.C.) 2 Environmental Genomics Lab, Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; ob733@nyu.edu (O.B.); youssef.idaghdour@nyu.edu (Y.I.) 3 Hydrology Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Level 3, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Building (TATTE), Sogi., P.O. Private Bag, Apia, Samoa; emarosa.romeo@mnre.gov.ws (E.R.) 4 Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa, PO Box 1622, Apia, Samoa; p.amosa@nus.edu.ws (P.A.) 5 Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; mao13@nyu.edu (M.A.O.); samin@nyu.edu (S.A.A.) 6 College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; gary.goldstein@nyu.edu (G.G.) 7 Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA * Correspondence: sasan.rabieh@nyu.edu (S.R.); tim.bromage@nyu.edu (T.G.B.); Tel.: +1-212-998-9638 (S.R.); +1- 212-998-9597 (T.G.B.) Academic Editors: Zikri Arslan and Michael Bolshov Received: 16 August 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: date Table S1.
    [Show full text]
  • Support for Māori Whānau and Pacific and Asian Families and Significant
    Support for Māori whānau and Pacific and Asian families and significant others who have been affected by suicide attempts – an analysis of the published and grey literature Kathryn Henare and Penny Ehrhardt HHeennaarree EEhhrrhhaarrddtt RReesseeaarrcchh commissioned by the Ministry of Youth Development April 2004 1 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 5 Disclaimer........................................................................................................................... 5 1 Executive Summary and Recommendations .............................................................. 6 1.1 Executive Summary............................................................................................ 6 1.1.3 General........................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Māori........................................................................................................... 6 1.1.4 Pacific people.............................................................................................. 6 1.1.5 Asian ........................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Recommendations for Service Delivery ............................................................. 7 1.3 Recommendations for Evaluation....................................................................... 9 1.4 Further Research ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TO: NZRL Staff, Districts and Affiliates and Board FROM: Cushla Dawson
    TO: NZRL Staff, Districts and Affiliates and Board FROM: Cushla Dawson DATE: 14 April 2009 RE: Media Summary Tuesday 07 April to Tuesday 14 April 2009 Give us a chance: WITH France joining Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand to make up an international quad-nations series this year, Fiji Bati centre Darryl Millard has called on the Pacific Nations to be considered too. After the 2008 Rugby League World Cup shake up of the international calendar by the Rugby League International Federation, it has been proposed that a Pacific Cup be held this year. The winner of the tournament enters the 2010 Rugby League Four Nations tournament (consisting of Australia, New Zealand, England and a qualifying nation). A Pacific Cup is also proposed to be held in 2011. Jones not available for Kiwis: He still has that magic touch but little general Stacey Jones has ruled himself out of contention for New Zealand's clash with Australia next month at Lang Park. The scheming halfback said he would not be available for selection for the Brisbane match which takes place on May 8, the day after his 33rd birthday. After one year out of rugby league, Jones made a shock return to the NRL this season and has shown he still has a knack for creating tries. Linwood win 17-try see-saw: Former Warrior Kane Ferris scored a match-winning try on the stroke of fulltime as the Linwood Keas snuck home in a 94-point rugby league thriller against east-side arch rival Aranui. Linwood's Canterbury Bulls hooker Nathan Sherlock and Aranui Eagles back Tim Rangihuna both scored four tries as the Keas clung to a 48-46 victory at Rugby League Park on Saturday.
    [Show full text]
  • Sāmoa’S Development As a ‘Nation’
    Folauga mo A’oa’oga: Migration for education and its impact on Sāmoa’s development as a ‘nation’ The stories of 18 Samoan research participants who migrated for education, and the impact their journeys have made on the development of Sāmoa. BY Avataeao Junior Ulu A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2018 Acknowledgements E mamalu oe le Ali’i, maualuga le mea e te afio ai. Ia fa’ane’ene’eina oe le tolu tasi paia. O oe o le Atua fai vavega, le Atua o fa’amalologa, le Atua tali mana’o. Fa’afetai mo lau ta’ita’iga i lenei folauga. Ia fa’aaogaina lo’u tagata e fa’alauteleina ai lou Suafa mamana i le lalolagi. This research would not have been possible without the contributions of my 18 research participants: Aloali’i Viliamu, Aida Sāvea, Cam Wendt, Falefata Hele Ei Matatia & Phillippa Te Hira - Matatia, HE Hinauri Petana, Honiara Salanoa (aka Queen Victoria), Ps Latu Sauluitoga Kupa & Ps Temukisa Kupa, Ps Laumata Pauline Mulitalo, Maiava Iosefa Maiava & Aopapa Maiava, Malae Aloali’i, Papali’i Momoe Malietoa – von Reiche, Nynette Sass, Onosefulu Fuata’i, Sa’ilele Pomare, and Saui’a Dr Louise Marie Tuiomanuolo Mataia-Milo. Each of your respective stories of the challenges you faced while undertaking studies abroad is inspirational. I am humbled that you entrusted me with these rich stories and the generosity with your time. Sāmoa as a ‘nation’ is stronger because of you, continue doing great things for the pearl of Polynesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Eco-Theology: Aiga – the Household of Life
    ECO-THEOLOGY: AIGA – THE HOUSEHOLD OF LIFE A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING MYTHS AND TRADITIONS OF SAMOA Ama’amalele Tofaeono ECO-THEOLOGY: AIGA – THE HOUSEHOLD OF LIFE A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING MYTHS AND TRADITIONS OF SAMOA World Mission Script 7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the Erlanger Verlag für Mission und Ökumene. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Tofaeono, Ama’amalele: Eco-theology: Aiga – the household of life : a perspective from living myths and traditions of Samoa / by Ama’amalele Tofaeono. – Erlangen : Erlanger Verl. für Mission und Ökumene, 2000 (World Mission Script ; 7) Zugl.: Neuendettelsau, Augustana-Hochsch., Diss., 2000 ISBN 3-87214-327-1 © 2000 Erlanger Verlag für Mission und Ökumene, Erlangen Layout: Andreas-Martin Selignow – www.selignow.de Printed by Freimund-Druckerei, Neuendettelsau CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 11 0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 13 0.1. Identification and Exposition of the Eco-Theological Problem ....................... 13 0.2. A Jewish Perspective .............................................................................................. 15 0.3. Thesis Statements ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Australia and the Pacific
    AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC: THE AMBIVALENT PLACE OF PACIFIC PEOPLES WITHIN CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIA Scott William Mackay, BA (Hons), BSc July 2018 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Australian Indigenous Studies Program School of Culture and Communication The University of Melbourne 0000-0002-5889 – Abstract – My thesis examines the places (real and symbolic) accorded to Pacific peoples within the historical production of an Australian nation and in the imaginary of Australian nationalism. It demonstrates how these places reflect and inform the ways in which Australia engages with the Pacific region, and the extent to which Australia considers itself a part of or apart from the Pacific. While acknowledging the important historical and contemporary differences between the New Zealand and Australian contexts, I deploy theoretical concepts and methods developed within the established field of New Zealand- centred Pacific Studies to identify and analyse what is occurring in the much less studied Australian-Pacific context. In contrast to official Australian discourse, the experiences of Pacific people in Australia are differentiated from those of other migrant communities because of: first, Australia’s colonial and neo-colonial histories of control over Pacific land and people; and second, Pacific peoples' important and unique kinships with Aboriginal Australians. Crucially the thesis emphasises the significant diversity (both cultural and national) of the Pacific experience in Australia. My argument is advanced first by a historicisation of Australia’s formal engagements with Pacific people, detailing intersecting narratives of their migration to Australia and Australia’s colonial and neo- colonial engagements within the Pacific region.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Submitted To
    THESIS SUBMITTED TO CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF THEOLOGY (HONOURS) A THEOLOGICAL INTERROGATION OF THE MOTTO: FAAVAE I LE ATUA SAMOA FAALA SAM AMOSA BTH, OCTOBER 2014 i CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP OF THESIS AND AGREEMENT FOR THE RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I, FAALA SAM AMOSA Hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at Charles Sturt University or any other educational institution except, where due acknowledgement is made in this thesis. Any contribution made to the research by colleagues with whom I have worked at Charles Sturt University or elsewhere during my candidature is fully acknowledged. I agree that the thesis be accessible for the purpose of study and research in accordance with the normal conditions established by the University Librarian for the care, loan and reproduction of the thesis.* Signature: _____________________ Date: October 2014 * Subject to confidentiality provisions as approved by the University ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP OF THESIS .................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Attention Kiwis and Samoa Fans! Catch the New Zealand Kiwis Take on Samoa on the 28Th of October at Mt Smart Stadium!
    Sir Peter Leitch Club Newsletter RLWC 2017 4th October 2017 Only 3 weeks until the first game! #190 Attention Kiwis and Samoa Fans! Catch the New Zealand Kiwis take on Samoa on the 28th of October at Mt Smart Stadium! Get your tickets now at: www.rlwc2017.com Build-Up To Rugby League World Cup Goes Into Overdrive As Squads Including The Kiwis Get Named This Week By Daniel Fraser New Zealand Media & PR Manager RLWC 2017 P TO 10 countries are set to announce their Naiqama and Daryl Millard. Another former Fiji Usquad for the Rugby League World Cup next international Joe Dakuitoga is coach of the Residents week, including host nations Australia, New Zealand team. and Papua New Guinea. Wayne Bennett’s England squad will be announced Kiwis coach David Kidwell will name his squad on on Monday, 9 October, following the Super League Thursday, October 5 in Auckland with Australian Grand Final. coach Mal Meninga to have announced his 24-man Kangaroos squad two days earlier at a press confer- Wales coach John Kear and Scotland’s Steve McCor- ence in Sydney on Tuesday, 3 October. mack are set to name their squads on Tuesday, 10 October. The announcements of the Kiwis and Kangaroos pave the way for Tonga coach Kristian Woolf, Sa- No changes will be permitted after 13 October, when moa’s Matt Parrish, Italy’s Cameron Ciraldo and the final squads for the tournament are due to be Lebanon’s Brad Fittler to name their squads as some officially announced by RLWC2017. players have dual eligibility for Australia, New Zea- The 15th instalment of the Rugby League World Cup land or England.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand England
    14 NOV 2014 #50 14 : 12 NEW ZEALAND EENGLANDNGLAND the Kiwis line up as the National Anthem is sung. "I would go so far as to say it was one of the best test games I have witnessed in some time, even including our upset win over the Aussies, because although we were sensational in that one, the Aussies were off their game, whereas England were fi ercely competitive... [it was] a real old-fashioned game of attrition." Led by Isaac Luke, the Kiwis gave a full-on HAKA haka. headed to Wellington on Tuesday, the best test games I have witnessed in to cheer them on, which added heaps of Old foes again in Four Nations which is always special for me being a some time, even including our upset win colour and noise to the grounds, especially Most pundits would have predicted a Iborn and bred working class boy from over the Aussies, because although we Whangarei. Kiwis v Kangaroos fi nal before the Four Newtown. were sensational in that one, the Aussies But Samoa’s loss means it is once again Nations kicked off at Suncorp. But none I’m staying in the hotel with the Kiwis and were off their game, whereas England were the old rivals – the Kiwis v Australia at guessed what drama would unfold with it is a huge privilege to be included in the fi ercely competitive. Westpac Stadium. thoroughly competitive England and Toa preparations for Saturday’s Four Nations All the experts I spoke to after the game Samoa teams. fi nal against Australia.
    [Show full text]