The Dilemma of Power Relations in Samoa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Dilemma of Power Relations in Samoa P a g e | 1 The dilemma of power relations in Samoa A study of cultural hegemony in a developing democracy A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pacific Studies (Government and Politics) Levi Tavita Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies University of Canterbury Aotearoa New Zealand 2021 P a g e | 2 I do not think that a society can exist without power relations, if by that one means the strategies by which individuals try to direct and control the conduct of others. The problem, then, is not to try and dissolve them in the utopia of completely transparent communication, but to acquire the rules of law, the management techniques, and also morality, the ethos, the practice of the self that will allow us to play these games of power with as little domination as possible ______ Michel Foucault E gase toa ae ola pule The warrior will falter but good governance prevails _____ Samoan proverb P a g e | 3 Table of Contents Glossary …………………………………………………….…….................……....8 List of Tables/Figures ………………………………………...................................11 Map of Samoa ...........................................................................................................12 Acknowledgements ……………………………………….......................................13 Abstract …………………………………………………………….……....…........15 Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………............16 Chapter 1 Introduction 17 1.1 Broad aim of study ……………………………………….……….…...…...….19 1.2 Specific Objectives ………………………………..………...…...........…….…19 1.3 Rationale ……………………..………...…….………………...…...…….........19 1.4 Introducing my conceptual framework ……………………………...….....…...22 1.5 The dilemma in past literature ……………………………….………...........…23 1.6 Thesis Overview ……………………………………...………………..…....…24 1.7 Conclusion ………………………...…………...……...…..…..….…….…….. 26 Chapter 2 Context of Study 27 2.1 Samoa’s geographical & geopolitical composition ……………..…….….…... 27 2.2 A brief history of genealogy and pre-colonial contact legacy…..……...…....... 28 2.3 The missionaries and new power………………………….........…................... 30 2.4 Colonial legacy and imperial power …………………………………..….........33 2.4.1 German rule (1900-1914) ……………………………………..….….…..…..34 2.4.2 New Zealand Administration (1914-1953) ……………………………...…...35 2.5 Local governments ………………………………….……..………....…......….36 2.5.1 Village authority ……………………………………..…….….......………....36 2.5.2 Church government ………………………………..……….…...………........37 2.6 National Development: General overview ………………….…………..…..….38 2.7 Current state of relations ……………………………………..……...............…40 2.8 Conclusion ……………………………………….……..………...…….…...….41 Chapter 3 The Methodology 42 3.1 Mixed methods research…………………………….……….….……........…....42 3.1.1 The interviews …………………………………..………….………......….....44 3.1.2 Case Studies …………………………………………………...……….…….44 3.1.3 Fa’afaletui method …………………………………………….......……....…45 3.1.4 Document analysis ………………………………….……………..……....…46 P a g e | 4 3.1.5 General observations …………………………………………..………....…47 3.2 Data collation and analysis ………………………...……………….…........... 47 3.2.1 Thematic Analysis …………………………………………....….…....…… 47 3.2.2 Fairclough’s Analytic Procedure …………………………….……......…….48 3.3 Participants & Questions ………………………..……….............…................50 3.4 The ethics procedure …………………………….……………..…..…......….. 52 3.5 Conclusion………………………….………..……........................……...........52 Chapter 4 Theoretical framework & review of literature 53 4.1 (Part 1) A critical and collaborative framework ……….……...…….......…….53 4.1.1 Critical theory (CT) …………………………………………….….....….….54 4.1.2 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) ……………………………...............….55 4.2 Gramsci & cultural hegemony …………………………………………..........56 4.2.1 Role of ideology ……………………………………...……….……..…...…58 4.2.2 Relationship between ideology and social order ………….…….............…..59 4.3 Bourdieu’s contribution …………………………………………….…...….…60 4.3.1 Bourdieu’s theory of habitus ……………………………………..…...…......60 4.3 2 Bourdieu’s theory of capital ………………………………………..…......…61 4.3.3 Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic power …………………………..….…….….63 4.4 Michel Foucault …………………………………………….........…….….......64 4.4.1 Foucaultian Discourse Analysis …………………………………..…………64 4.4.2 Biopolitics & biopower ……………………………………...………….…...65 4.4.3 On power and its constitution …………………………………...…..............66 4.4.4 Power and knowledge ……………………………………………..….……..67 4.4.5 Foucault and power relations ……………………………………..…............69 4.4.6 Power and resistance ……………………………………….……..…...........70 4.5 (Part 2). The concepts of power and state …………………...………..............72 4.5.1 The three models of power analysis ……………………………....…...…....72 4.5.2 The power concept: a historical overview …………………….....……….…73 4.6 The State ……………………………………….…….…………..…................81 4.6.1 Rationale of a state ………………………………….………….…………...81 4.6.2 The ethics of governance ………………………………….………..…........82 4.6.3 The idea of a strong state …………………………………………..….........82 4.6.4 The state in society ……………………………………….………..….....…83 4.6.5 State responsibility …………………………………………..……..…........84 4.7 Democratic aspiration & modern situation ……………………..….................85 4.8 (Part 3): Samoan research and reference on power ……………….................87 4.9 The gaps of the literature ………………………………………..…..…...…...92 4.10 Conclusion ………………………………………………………..................93 P a g e | 5 Chapter 5 Indigenous concepts of Samoa’s power narrative 94 5.1 Aiga ………………………………………...…............................................….94 5.2 Fāiā ………………………………………………..……...............….….....…..96 5.3 Va ………………………………………………..…………………….........…97 5.4 Fa’ataualofa ………………………………………..………………….…..….100 5.5 Tua’oi ………………………………………………..……...…………......... 101 5.6 Pule ………………………………………………………….…….……........102 5.7 A new power configuration …………………………………...….……..……103 5.8 Soālaupule ……………………………………….………..…………..…...…104 5.9 Malo …………………………………………………….…..….……...…..... 106 5.10 Mana …………………………………………………..……………......…..109 5.11 Tapu …………………………………………………………..……....…….111 5.12 Fa’amatai ……………………………………………….…….………..….. 113 5.13 Matai ideology: an ethnohistorical overview ……………….……...…...….115 5.14 Tautua ………………………………………………………………..…......117 5.15 Aganuu (fa’aSamoa) ………………………………………………..…....... 119 5.16 Fa’asinomaga ………………………………………..……...….……..….…120 5.17 Fa’alupega ………………………………………………..…….…...............120 5.18 Conclusion ……………………………………...…………....………..........122 Chapter 6 Contemporary Samoan Democracy 123 6.1 Political spheres of influence ………………………………………..….........123 6.2 Parliamentary democracy and legislative power …………………….…....…125 6.3 Judiciary and disciplinary power ………………………………………........ 128 6.4 Executive and instrumental power ………………………………..….............131 6.5 Political parties and power politics ………………………………........…......133 6.6 Political advocacy and mitigating power …………………………..…...…....135 6.7 Opposition and counterpower …………………………….………….............137 6.8 Conclusion …………………...………………………….…...........................139 Chapter 7 The Human Rights Protection Party 141 7.1 Organisation and ethos …………………………………………….….......… 141 7.2 A brief history …………………………………………….……….…..…..... 142 7.3 Activating power: new style of leadership ………………………..…...…….144 7.4 Tofilau Eti Alesana ………………………………………………..…….…...146 7.5 Consolidating power through policy imposition ……………………….....…155 7.5.1 Economic strategy………………………………………..……….….….....155 7.5.2 Political strategy…………………………………………………...….…....159 P a g e | 6 7.5.3 Social development ……………………………………………..….….…...162 7.5.3.1 Health …………………………………………………………………….163 7.5.3.2 Education ……………………………………………………………...…166 7.6 Conclusion …………………..………...……………………….….….….…..168 Chapter 8 Power diffusion and intersections: village, church and civil society 170 8.1 Village government ………………………………………………….....…….171 8.1.1 The Village Fono Act 1990 ……………………………………….……......174 8.1.2 Challenges to village authority ……………………………….……………175 8.1.2.1 Splitting matai titles …………………………………..........................….175 8.1.2.2 The power of money……………………………………..………….........176 8.1.2.3 Alleviation measures …………………………………….………..….......177 8.1.2.4 Partisan politics …………………………………….…..………...…....…178 8.1.2.5 New churches …………………………….……………………..….….....179 8.1.2.6 Gender and power in the village ……………………………...…..….......179 8.1.2.7 Rights-based values & fundamental rights ………….……...……..…......180 8.2 The Church …………………………………………………….…….….…....181 8.2.1 Composition and power diffusion …………………………………...……..181 8.2.2 Church relations and power………………………………….....………..…183 8.2.3 The village power model and church authority ……………..............……..185 8.2.4 New power configuration ……………………………..…………….......…187 8.2.5 Church power configuration and organisational ethos ………..….......…....190 8.2.5.1 Ekalesia Faapotopotoga Kerisiano i Samoa (EFKS) …….……..…..........191 8.2.5.2 Ekalesia Metotisi i Samoa ………………………………..…..........…......192 8.2.5.3 Katoliko Roma ……………………………….....…………………..........193 8.2.6 Power relations in the Church …………………………………….........…..194 8.2.7 Church and State relations ………………………………………….….......197 8.3 Media power and Samoan society ……………..……………………….…....200 8.3.1 State of Samoa’s media & communication ……………………....…...…...200 8.3.2 The role of critical media ………………………………………………......201 8.3.3 Some personal observations ………………………….……………..….......202 8.4 Political Pressure groups & NGOs ……………………………………...........206 8.5 Conclusion ……………………………………...…...……………...…...……208
Recommended publications
  • Community Integrated Management Plan Palauli East, Savaii
    Community Integrated Management Plan Palauli East, Savaii Implementation Guidelines 2018 COMMUNITY INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES Foreword It is with great pleasure that I present the new Community Integrated Management (CIM) Plans, formerly known as Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plans. The revised CIM Plans recognizes the change in approach since the first set of fifteen CIM Plans were developed from 2002-2003 under the World Bank funded Infrastructure Asset Management Project (IAMP) , and from 2004-2007 for the remaining 26 districts, under the Samoa Infrastructure Asset Management (SIAM) Project. With a broader geographic scope well beyond the coastal environment, the revised CIM Plans now cover all areas from the ridge-to-reef, and includes the thematic areas of not only infrastructure, but also the environment and biological resources, as well as livelihood sources and governance. The CIM Strategy, from which the CIM Plans were derived from, was revised in August 2015 to reflect the new expanded approach and it emphasizes the whole of government approach for planning and implementation, taking into consideration an integrated ecosystem based adaptation approach and the ridge to reef concept. The timeframe for implementation and review has also expanded from five years to ten years as most of the solutions proposed in the CIM Plan may take several years to realize. The CIM Plan is envisaged as the blueprint for climate change interventions across all development sectors – reflecting the programmatic approach to climate change adaptation taken by the Government of Samoa. The proposed interventions outlined in the CIM Plans are also linked to the Strategy for the Development of Samoa 2016/17 – 2019/20 and the relevant ministry sector plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicting Power Paradigms in Samoa's
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. CONFLICTING POWER PARADIGMS IN SAMOA’S “TRADITIONAL DEMOCRACY” FROM TENSION TO A PROCESS OF HARMONISATION? A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand Christina La’alaai-Tausa 2020 COPYRIGHT Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. 2 ABSTRACT This research argues that the tension evident between western democracy and Samoa’s traditional leadership of Fa’amatai has led to a power struggle due to the inability of the government to offer thorough civic education through dialectical exchange, proper consultation, discussion and information sharing with village council leaders and their members. It also argues that Fa’amatai are being disadvantaged as the government and the democratic system is able to manipulate cultural practices and protocols to suit their political needs, whereas village councils are not recognized or acknowledged by the democratic system (particularly the courts), despite cultural guidelines and village laws providing stability for communities and the country. In addition, it claims that, despite western academics’ arguments that Samoa’s traditional system is a barrier to a fully-fledged democracy, Samoa’s Fa’amatai in theory and practice in fact proves to be more democratic than the democratic status quo.
    [Show full text]
  • Savai'i Volcano
    A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist A Visitor's Field Guide to Savai’i Touring Savai'i with a Geologist Warren Jopling Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THIS ARTICLE Tuapou Warren Jopling is an Australian geologist who retired to Savai'i to grow coffee after a career in oil exploration in Australia, Canada, Brazil and Indonesia. Travels through Central America, the Andes and Iceland followed by 17 years in Indonesia gave him a good understanding of volcanology, a boon to later educational tourism when explaining Savai'i to overseas visitors and student groups. His 2014 report on Samoa's Geological History was published in booklet form by the Samoa Tourism Authority as a Visitor's Guide - a guide summarising the main geological events that built the islands but with little coverage of individual natural attractions. This present article is an abridgement of the 2014 report and focuses on Savai'i. It is in three sections; an explanation of plate movement and hotspot activity for visitors unfamiliar with plate tectonics; a brief summary of Savai'i's geological history then an island tour with some geologic input when describing the main sites. It is for nature lovers who would appreciate some background to sightseeing. Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist The Pacific Plate, The Samoan Hotspot, The Samoan Archipelago The Pacific Plate, the largest of the Earth's 16 major plates, is born along the East Pacific Rise.
    [Show full text]
  • Samoa Socio-Economic Atlas 2011
    SAMOA SOCIO-ECONOMIC ATLAS 2011 Copyright (c) Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) 2011 CONTACTS Telephone: (685) 62000/21373 Samoa Socio Economic ATLAS 2011 Facsimile: (685) 24675 Email: [email protected] by Website: www.sbs.gov.ws Postal Address: Samoa Bureau of Statistics The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) PO BOX 1151 Apia Samoa National University of Samoa Library CIP entry Samoa socio economic ATLAS 2011 / by The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS). -- Apia, Samoa : Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Government of Samoa, 2011. 76 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Disclaimer: This publication is a product of the Division of Census-Surveys & Demography, ISBN 978 982 9003 66 9 Samoa Bureau of Statistics. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions 1. Census districts – Samoa – maps. 2. Election districts – Samoa – expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of any funding or census. 3. Election districts – Samoa – statistics. 4. Samoa – census. technical agencies involved in the census. The boundaries and other information I. Census-Surveys and Demography Division of SBS. shown on the maps are only imaginary census boundaries but do not imply any legal status of traditional village and district boundaries. Sam 912.9614 Sam DDC 22. Published by The Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Govt. of Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 2015. Overview Map SAMOA 1 Table of Contents Map 3.4: Tertiary level qualification (Post-secondary certificate, diploma, Overview Map ................................................................................................... 1 degree/higher) by district, 2011 ................................................................... 26 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 Map 3.5: Population 15 years and over with knowledge in traditional tattooing by district, 2011 ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Individuality, Collectivity, and Samoan Artistic Responses to Cultural Change
    The I and the We: Individuality, Collectivity, and Samoan Artistic Responses to Cultural Change April K Henderson That the Samoan sense of self is relational, based on socio-spatial rela- tionships within larger collectives, is something of a truism—a statement of such obvious apparent truth that it is taken as a given. Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Taisi Efi, a former prime minister and current head of state of independent Sāmoa as well as an influential intellectual and essayist, has explained this Samoan relational identity: “I am not an individual; I am an integral part of the cosmos. I share divinity with my ancestors, the land, the seas and the skies. I am not an individual, because I share a ‘tofi’ (an inheritance) with my family, my village and my nation. I belong to my family and my family belongs to me. I belong to my village and my village belongs to me. I belong to my nation and my nation belongs to me. This is the essence of my sense of belonging” (Tui Atua 2003, 51). Elaborations of this relational self are consistent across the different political and geographical entities that Samoans currently inhabit. Par- ticipants in an Aotearoa/New Zealand–based project gathering Samoan perspectives on mental health similarly described “the Samoan self . as having meaning only in relationship with other people, not as an individ- ual. This self could not be separated from the ‘va’ or relational space that occurs between an individual and parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles and other extended family and community members” (Tamasese and others 2005, 303).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Assessment and Overview National Park of American Samoa
    PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 152 ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT AND OVERVIEW NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA November 2006 Jocelyn Linnekin1, Terry Hunt, Leslie Lang and Timothy McCormick 1 Email: [email protected]. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut Beach Hall Room 445, U-2176 354 Mansfield Road Storrs, Connecticut 06269-2176 Ethnographic Assessment and Overview The National Park of American Samoa Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii List of Slides v Preface: Study Issues vi Maps vii Key to Maps x I. The Environmental Context 1 Climate and Vegetation 1 The National Park Environments 4 II. Archaeology and Samoan Prehistory 8 Early Settlement 8 Later Inland Settlement 9 Late Prehistoric Period 9 European Contact and the Historical Period 10 Archaeology in the National Park Units 10 III. Research Methodology 15 Documentary Phase 15 Field Research 15 Limitations of the Research 17 IV. Ethnohistory 22 Myths and Legends Relevant to the Park 22 The European Contact Period 25 Western Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Reports 31 V. Agriculture and Domestically Useful Plants 46 Tutuila Unit 46 Ta'u Unit 49 Ofu Unit 51 Summary 52 VI. Marine Resources 53 Tutuila Unit 53 Ta'u Unit 57 Ofu Unit 58 Summary 61 i VII. Medicinal Plants 63 Ofu Unit 63 Ta'u Unit 66 Tutuila Unit 66 Summary 67 VIII. Analysis of Freelist Data 75 Crops and Cultivated Plants 76 Medicinal Plants 81 Fish and Marine Species 84 Animals and Birds 86 Summary of the Freelist Results 88 IX.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1
    P O BOX 1151 TELEPHONE: (685)62000/21373 LEVEL 1 & 2 FMFM II, Matagialalua FAX No: (685)24675 GOVERNMENT BUILDING Email: [email protected] APIA Website: www.sbs.gov.ws SAMOA 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1 Revised version Population Snapshot and Household Highlights 30th October 2017 1 | P a g e Foreword This publication is the first of a series of Census 2016 Brief reports to be published from the dataset version 1, of the Population and Housing Census, 2016. It provides a snapshot of the information collected from the Population Questionnaire and some highlights of the Housing Questionnaire. It also provides the final count of the population of Samoa in November 7th 2016 by statistical regions, political districts and villages. Over the past censuses, the Samoa Bureau of Statistics has compiled a standard analytical report that users and mainly students find it complex and too technical for their purposes. We have changed our approach in the 2016 census by compiling smaller reports (Census Brief reports) to be released on a quarterly basis with emphasis on different areas of Samoa’s development as well as demands from users. In doing that, we look forward to working more collaboratively with our stakeholders and technical partners in compiling relevant, focused and more user friendly statistical brief reports for planning, policy-making and program interventions. At the same time, the Bureau is giving the public the opportunity to select their own data of interest from the census database for printing rather than the Bureau printing numerous tabulations which mostly remain unused.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi and the Mangatū Lands
    Wai 814, #P21 Wai 1489, #A22 Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi and the Mangatū Lands 28 May 2018 Anthony Pātete A report commissioned by the Crown Forestry Rental Trust for the Waitangi Tribunal Mangatū Remedies district inquiry Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi and the Mangatū Lands, May 2018 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 Summary of the findings of the Mangatū Remedies Inquiry ................................................. 5 The identity of Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi .......................................................................................... 6 Whakapapa ............................................................................................................................. 6 Protest ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Organisation ........................................................................................................................... 9 The rohe of Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi ............................................................................................. 13 Customary interests of Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi ........................................................................... 17 Comment on land block interests ......................................................................................... 20 Impact on Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa
    Supplementary Materials (SM) MH-ICP-MS Analysis of the Freshwater and Saltwater Environmental Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa Sasan Rabieh 1,*, Odmaa Bayaraa 2, Emarosa Romeo 3, Patila Amosa 4, Khemet Calnek 1, Youssef Idaghdour 2, Michael A. Ochsenkühn 5, Shady A. Amin 5, Gary Goldstein 6 and Timothy G. Bromage 1,7,* 1 Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (K.C.) 2 Environmental Genomics Lab, Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (O.B.); [email protected] (Y.I.) 3 Hydrology Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Level 3, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi Building (TATTE), Sogi., P.O. Private Bag, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (E.R.) 4 Faculty of Science, National University of Samoa, PO Box 1622, Apia, Samoa; [email protected] (P.A.) 5 Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (M.A.O.); [email protected] (S.A.A.) 6 College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] (G.G.) 7 Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (T.G.B.); Tel.: +1-212-998-9638 (S.R.); +1- 212-998-9597 (T.G.B.) Academic Editors: Zikri Arslan and Michael Bolshov Received: 16 August 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: date Table S1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sāmoa’S Development As a ‘Nation’
    Folauga mo A’oa’oga: Migration for education and its impact on Sāmoa’s development as a ‘nation’ The stories of 18 Samoan research participants who migrated for education, and the impact their journeys have made on the development of Sāmoa. BY Avataeao Junior Ulu A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2018 Acknowledgements E mamalu oe le Ali’i, maualuga le mea e te afio ai. Ia fa’ane’ene’eina oe le tolu tasi paia. O oe o le Atua fai vavega, le Atua o fa’amalologa, le Atua tali mana’o. Fa’afetai mo lau ta’ita’iga i lenei folauga. Ia fa’aaogaina lo’u tagata e fa’alauteleina ai lou Suafa mamana i le lalolagi. This research would not have been possible without the contributions of my 18 research participants: Aloali’i Viliamu, Aida Sāvea, Cam Wendt, Falefata Hele Ei Matatia & Phillippa Te Hira - Matatia, HE Hinauri Petana, Honiara Salanoa (aka Queen Victoria), Ps Latu Sauluitoga Kupa & Ps Temukisa Kupa, Ps Laumata Pauline Mulitalo, Maiava Iosefa Maiava & Aopapa Maiava, Malae Aloali’i, Papali’i Momoe Malietoa – von Reiche, Nynette Sass, Onosefulu Fuata’i, Sa’ilele Pomare, and Saui’a Dr Louise Marie Tuiomanuolo Mataia-Milo. Each of your respective stories of the challenges you faced while undertaking studies abroad is inspirational. I am humbled that you entrusted me with these rich stories and the generosity with your time. Sāmoa as a ‘nation’ is stronger because of you, continue doing great things for the pearl of Polynesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Eco-Theology: Aiga – the Household of Life
    ECO-THEOLOGY: AIGA – THE HOUSEHOLD OF LIFE A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING MYTHS AND TRADITIONS OF SAMOA Ama’amalele Tofaeono ECO-THEOLOGY: AIGA – THE HOUSEHOLD OF LIFE A PERSPECTIVE FROM LIVING MYTHS AND TRADITIONS OF SAMOA World Mission Script 7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the Erlanger Verlag für Mission und Ökumene. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Tofaeono, Ama’amalele: Eco-theology: Aiga – the household of life : a perspective from living myths and traditions of Samoa / by Ama’amalele Tofaeono. – Erlangen : Erlanger Verl. für Mission und Ökumene, 2000 (World Mission Script ; 7) Zugl.: Neuendettelsau, Augustana-Hochsch., Diss., 2000 ISBN 3-87214-327-1 © 2000 Erlanger Verlag für Mission und Ökumene, Erlangen Layout: Andreas-Martin Selignow – www.selignow.de Printed by Freimund-Druckerei, Neuendettelsau CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 11 0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 13 0.1. Identification and Exposition of the Eco-Theological Problem ....................... 13 0.2. A Jewish Perspective .............................................................................................. 15 0.3. Thesis Statements ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    THE JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY VOLUME 127 No.3 SEPTEMBER 2018 VOICES ON THE WIND, TRACES IN THE EARTH: INTEGRATING ORAL NARRATIVE AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN POLYNESIAN HISTORY PATRICK VINTON KIRCH 2018 Nayacakalou Medal Recipient University of California, Berkeley The Polynesian peoples have long been noted for their propensity to encode the rich traditions of their ancestors in oral narrative accounts, often memorised by priests or other specialists, and passed down orally from generation to generation. Anthropologists refer to these as oral traditions, oral history or oral narratives, although they are also often categorised as “legend” or “myth”, terms that tend to dismiss their value as witnesses of real human affairs—that is to say, of history. In this lecture, I focus on a particular form of Polynesian oral narrative or oral history—one that is fundamentally chronological in its structure in that it is explicitly tied to a genealogical framework. Now I confess that I am not a specialist in oral tradition, a subject that is sometimes subsumed under the discipline of “folklore”. I am by training and by practice, over nearly half a century now, an archaeologist first and foremost. But I am also an anthropologist who believes in the holistic vision of that discipline as conceived by such disciplinary ancestors as Alfred Kroeber and Edward Sapir at the beginning of the 20th century. While this may make me something of a living fossil in the eyes of younger scholars who hew to narrower subdisciplinary paths, my holistic training and predilections incline me to see the value in working across and between the different branches of anthropology.
    [Show full text]