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Student Weekly Plan Student weekly plan Week 5: August 31- Sept 4, 2020 Teacher: White Grade Level: 8 Subject: Science Zoom Meeting ID: 714 9830 4944 Book B: Animals Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday C3:1 C3:S2 C3:S2 C3:S2 Specials Measurable Objective: I can describe the two main I can explain the three I can research an I can research an (Students will be able to…) characteristics of fish. groups of amphibians. amphibian using video and amphibian using video print resources. and print resources. Materials: C3:S1 C3:S2 Instructions Instructions Moby Max assignments: Classkick Classkick Computer Computer Scientific Measurement BrainPop Classkick Classkick and Data Question of the Day What is a fish? What is an amphibian? What makes an amphibian What are the classes of an amphibian? amphibians? Watch live lesson Live instruction in Zoom at 8:00am. Email [email protected] or call 602-285-3003 for link Read or Watch: Assignment: Assignment: Assignment: Assignment: Assignment: https://app.classkick.com/# https://app.classkick.co https://app.classkick.com/# https://app.classkick.com/# The students need to sign in to /login/SUUJVZ m/#/login/DBA8SE /login/VW6IVZ /login/VW6IVZ access the videos housed in learn360. Video: https://www.brainpop.com Learn360: /science/diversityoflife/am Username: Riverbendprep phibians/ Password: digital Do: Assignments Assignments Assignments Assignments Assignments Organizer Zoom instruction/live Attend Zoom for Specials lesson at 11:00am Meeting ID: 788 9909 4093 Assignments https://app.classkick.com/# https://app.classkick.co https://app.classkick.com/# https://app.classkick.com/# Turn in all assignments If you are having trouble using the /login/SUUJVZ m/#/login/DBA8SE /login/VW6IVZ /login/VW6IVZ link. Go to Classkick.com----login-- Complete the assignments -student--- the class code is the and test: Scientific letters & numbers in caps after Measurement and Data login/ABC123 Name Class Date CHAPTER 16 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles SECTION 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates National Science BEFORE YOU READ Education Standards After you read this section, you should be able to answer LS 1a, 1d, 2a, 3a, 3b, 3c, 5a, 5c these questions: • What are the two main characteristics of vertebrates? • What is the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm? • What are the three classes of living fishes? What Are Chordates? Many of the animals you are most familiar with, STUDY TIP including fishes, reptiles, and mammals, belong to phylum Compare After you read this Chordata. Members of this phylum are called chordates. section, make a Concept Map using the vocabulary words Some chordates may be less familiar to you. Lancelets and from this section. tunicates are simple chordates. Tunicates Lancelet All chordates show four characteristics at some time in their lives. Sometimes the characteristic is found only in embryos. • a tail • a stiff flexible rod called the notocord that supports the body • a hollow nerve cord, called a spinal cord in vertebrates • structures called pharyngeal pouches, found in embryos that later become gills or other body parts READING CHECK 1. List What are the four Chordate Body Parts characteristics shared by chordates? Tail Hollow nerve Notochord cord Pharyngeal pouches Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Interactive Textbook 245 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles Name Class Date SECTION 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates continued What Are Vertebrates? The largest group of chordates is the vertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have backbones. Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are vertebrates. Vertebrates have two characteristics that lancelets and tunicates do not have—backbones and heads protected by skulls. A backbone is a strong, flexible column of bones called vertebrae (singular vertebra). It protects the spinal cord and helps support the rest of the body. The backbone replaces the notocord in most vertebrates. In vertebrate embryos, the backbone, the skull, and the rest of the skeleton are made of cartilage. Cartilage is the tough material that makes up the flexible parts of our ears and nose. As most vertebrates grow, the cartilage is READING CHECK replaced by bone. Bone is much harder than cartilage. 2. Identify What material Because bone is so hard, it can be fossilized easily. makes up the skeleton of vertebrate embryos? Scientists have discovered many fossils of vertebrates. The fossils give scientists clues about how organisms are related to one another and when some organisms evolved. STANDARDS CHECK LS 3b Regulation of an The skull protects the head. organism’s internal environment involves sensing the internal environment and changing physiological activities to keep conditions within the range Vertebrae of the backbone protect the required to survive. spinal cord. Word Help: environment the surrounding natural conditions that affect an organism 3. Infer If an ectotherm’s body temperature became too high, what would it need to do? Explain your How Do Vertebrates Keep Their Bodies at answer. the Right Temperature? If an animal’s body is too hot or too cold, its cells cannot work properly. Vertebrates control their body temperatures in two ways. Ectotherms depend on their surroundings to stay warm. Their body temperatures change as the temperature of the environment changes. Most fish, and almost all amphibians and reptiles, are ectotherms. They are sometimes called cold-blooded animals. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Interactive Textbook 246 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles Name Class Date SECTION 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates continued Most fi shes, including this leafy sea dragon, are ectotherms. Endotherms generally have stable body temperatures, even when the temperature of the environment changes. They heat their bodies with energy from the chemical reactions in their cells. Birds and mammals are endotherms. They are sometimes called warm-blooded animals. READING CHECK 4. Explain How do What Are the Characteristics of Fishes? endotherms heat their Fossil evidence shows that fish evolved about 500 bodies? million years ago. They were the first vertebrates on Earth. There are more than 25,000 species of fishes, and they come in many shapes, sizes, and colors. All fishes share several characteristics. • a strong body for swimming, with muscles attached to the backbone • fan-shaped structures called fins that help fishes swim, steer, stop, and balance • scales to cover and protect the body • gills • senses of vision, hearing, and smell, including a lateral line system The lateral line is a row of tiny sense organs along READING CHECK each side of the body. It detects water vibrations, such as 5. Identify What is the those caused by other fish swimming by. function of the lateral line Fish use gills to breathe. Water passes over the thin gill system? membranes. Oxygen moves from the water to the blood. Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the water. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Interactive Textbook 247 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles Name Class Date SECTION 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates continued TAKE A LOOK 6. Complete Fill in the missing labels on the diagram. Fishes are many shapes and sizes, but all fi sh have gills, fi ns, and a tail. How Do Fishes Reproduce? Most fishes reproduce by external fertilization. The female lays unfertilized eggs in the water, and the male drops sperm on them. Some fishes use internal fertilization. The male deposits sperm inside the female. Usually, the female lays fertilized eggs that have embryos inside. In some species, the embryos develop inside the female. What Are the Three Classes of Living Fishes? There were once five classes of fishes, but two of them are now extinct. The three classes of fishes living today are jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes. JAWLESS FISHES The first fishes were probably jawless fishes. Today, the two kinds of jawless fishes are hagfish and lampreys. Hagfish and lampreys look like eels and have round mouths without jaws. They do not need jaws because they READING CHECK do not bite or chew. Instead, they attach to other animals 7. Explain How do jawless and suck their blood and flesh. fi shes eat? Jawless fishes share the following characteristics: • no jaws • a notocord • a skeleton made of cartilage Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Interactive Textbook 248 Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles Name Class Date SECTION 1 Fishes: The First Vertebrates continued Jawless Fishes Hagfi sh can tie their fl exible bodies into knots. They slide the knot from their tails to their heads to remove slime from their skin or to escape predators. TAKE A LOOK 8. Identify Give two reasons hagfi sh tie themselves in knots. Lampreys can live in salt water or fresh water, but they must reproduce in fresh water. CARTILAGINOUS FISHES In most vertebrates, soft cartilage in the embryo is slowly replaced by bone. The skeletons of sharks, skates, and rays, however, are cartilage, and never change to bone. They are called cartilaginous fishes. Cartilaginous fishes share the following characteristics: • jaws • a backbone • a skeleton made of cartilage Cartilaginous fishes store a lot of oil in their livers. Oil is less dense than water and this helps cartilaginous fishes float. However, they will sink if they stop swimming. Some cartilaginous fishes must also keep swimming to move water over their gills. Others can lie on the ocean floor and pump water across their gills. READING CHECK Cartilaginous Fish 9. Explain Do all cartilaginous fi shes need to keep swimming in order to breathe? Explain your answer. Skates lay eggs. They move Rays give birth to live young. their fi ns up and down to Rays also use their fi ns to swim. swim They feed on organisms from the sea fl oor, such as crabs and worms. Sharks, such as this hammerhead shark, rarely prey on humans. They usually eat other fi sh.
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