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Insetos Do Brasil 12.° Tomo COSTA LIMA INSETOS DO BRASIL 12.° TOMO HIMENÓPTEROS 2.ª PARTE ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 14 - 1962 INSETOS DO BRASIL 12.º TOMO HIMENÓPTEROS 2.ª PARTE A. DA COSTA LIMA Professor Emérito da Universidade Rural. Ex-Chefe de Laboratório do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz INSETOS DO BRASIL 12.° TOMO CAPÍTULO XXX HIMENÓPTEROS 2.ª PARTE ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 14 - 1962 CONTEÚDO Pág. Ordem HYMENOPTERA ........................................................................................... 9 Sub-ordem APOCRITA ......................................................................................... 9 Superfamília Ichneumonoidea ............................................................................. 11 Superfamília Evanioidea ................................................................................................. 147 Superfamília Cynipoidea ...................................................................................... 157 Superfamília Chalcidoidea ................................................................................... 173 Superfamília Proctotrupoidea ............................................................................ 316 Superfamília Trigonaloidea ................................................................................. 341 Superfamília Chrysidoidea .................................................................................. 344 Superfamília Bethyloidea ..................................................................................... 351 Índice ............................................................................................................................. 369 Em dezembro de 1938, graças ao interêsse do Professor Heitor Grillo, então Diretor da Escola Nacional de Agronomia (Universidade Rural), foi publicado o 1.º tomo desta obra, a ser distribuída gratuitamente àqueles que se iniciam no estudo da Entomologia. Não tivesse o firme propósito de completar o livro e há muito teria desistido de o fazer. Isto em parte pelas dificuldades que quase sempre surgiam no momento de se imprimir qualquer volume do trabalho. Tais dificuldades, porém, tornaram-se quase insuperáveis, a ponto de me pare- cer impossível a publicação do 11.º tomo, finalmente conseguida pelos ingentes esforços do então Diretor da Escola, Prof. Carvalho de Araujo. Os originais do presente tomo, escritos quando já me achava com a visão francamente arruinada, foram entregues ao Diretor da Escola de Agronomia em agôsto de 1960. A impressão dos 3.000 exemplares dêste nôvo volume (12.º), na ocasião, foi avaliada em Cr$ 450.000,00 pelo Serviço Gráfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geo- grafia e Estatística (I.B.G.E.). Já no início de 1961 êsse Serviço, a meu pedido, apresentou nôvo orçamento (cêrca de Cr$ 650.000,00) para a impressão do mesmo livro; modificando-o em dezembro de 1961 para cêrca de Cr$ 980.000,00. Até 1950, quando foi publicado o 6.º tomo, a impressão da obra (excet uan do os tomos 1.º e 8.º impressos no "Jornal do Commercio'" do Rio de Janeiro) foi feita nas oficinas da "Imprensa Nacional". Daquela época em diante, os tomos (7.º, 9.°, 10.º e 11.º) passaram a ser im- pressos no I.B.G.E. Se os 6 primeiros tomos foram exclusivamente custeados pela verba de publi- cações da Universidade Rural, os demais só puderam aparecer mediante a valiosa ajuda do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas. Foi esta benemérita instituicão gover- namental que, sem qualquer outro auxílio, autorizou a impressão do 8.º tomo e agora, com a Divisão da Defesa Sanitária Vegetal do Ministério da Agricultura, contribuiu com Cr$ 487.580,00, a metade do custo dêste tomo. Deveria publicar ainda 2 volumes sôbre Hyme noptera e Strepsiptera e mais 4 sôbre Diptera. Todavia, com 75 anos de idade e com o organismo em franca decadência, que poderia es rever realmente de interessante sôbre tais grupos de insetos, mesmo sem contar com óbices análogos aos que se me apresentavam por ocasião da edição de um nôvo tomo? Devo, portanto, interromper o plano que pensava realizar, quando imaginei dar aos estudiosos do Brasil um tratado resumido sobre tôdas as ordens de insetos. É melhor parar. Em breve, surgirão tratados novos, escritos por eminentes espe- cialistas, contendo dados mais amplos e interessantes que os que se conteem em "Insetos do Brasil". Terminando, quero aqui hipotecar tôda a minha gratidão àqueles que me ajudaram no preparo dos 12 volumes desta obra, principalmente aos desenhistas Carlos Lacerda e entomologista Neide Guitton, ao Prof. Hércio C. Ribeiro e a datilógrafa Cléa Sá Antunes do I.O.C. pela execução, de cópias datilografadas, ao entomologista Orlando V. Ferreira do I.O.C. pelo muito que me ajudou na revisão das provas, aos Engenheiros Agrônomos Aristoteles Silva e Francisco de Paula Estorino, pelo desvêlo de verdadeiros amigos demonstrado na solução da fase mais critica da publicação dêste tomo. Sem a valiosa cooperação de ambos, acredito, não seria autorizada a publicação do mesmo ainda êste ano. A todos que muito me honraram com apreciações feiras, particular ou públi- camente, sôbre o valor do meu trabalho e aos bondosos amigos que concorreram com valiosa contribuição para melhor elucidar o sentido de alguns trechos do livro, o meu cordial agradecimento. Dezembro de 1961, COSTA LIMA CAPÍTULO XXX Ordem HYMENOPTERA Subordem APOCRITA¹ (Terebrantes + Aculeata Latreille, 1802; Terebrantia + Aculeata Latr., 1917; H. Apocrita seu Genuina Gerstaecker, 1863; Petioliventria Cameron, 1883; Petiolata Bingham, 1897; Clistogastra Konow²; Petio- liventres seu Petiolata Sharp, 1910; (séries: Parasitica seu Terebrantia + Tubulifera + Aculeata); Apocrita Handlirsch, 1906). 1. Caracteres, etc. - Incluem-se nesta subordem os Himenópteros que têm o 1.° segmento abdominal fundido com o metatórax, de tal modo que o aparente 1.° urômero é real- mente o 2.° e não raro é representado pelo pecíolo ou pedún- culo abdominal, mais ou menos alongado, ou, se não assim diferenciado, pelo somito basilar ou proximal do gaster, si- tuado imediatamente depois da constricção entre o tórax e o abdome. As larvas dêstes Himenópteros são ápodes e geralmente vermiformes; a cabeça pode apresentar-se mais ou menos desenvolvida; nos primeiros estádios, porém, exibem em al- guns grupos formas das mais extraordinárias (ciclopiforme, planidium, etc.). A subordem APOCRITA abrange a maioria dos Hime- nópteros, classificados em muitas famílias, distribuídas em superfamílias, cujo estudo será iniciado neste, volume. Os Himenopterologos desde LATREILLE dividem a subor- dem em duas séries ou secções: Parasitica ou Tere- brantia e Acu1eata, que se distinguem pelos caracteres referidos na chave seguinte de RICHARDS (1956 - Hymeno- ptera, in Handb. Identif. Brit. Inst.). ¹ De (apo), sufixo que significa separado; (critos), separado. ² De (cleistos), que pode ser fechado; (gaster), abdome. 10 INSETOS DO BRASIL 1 - Asas posteriores sem o lobo anal ou Vanal, exceto em Evaniidae, que tem o gaster prêso a parte superior do propodeum, em muitos Microgasterinae (Braconidae), cujas antenas têm 18 sementes e em alguns Procto- trupidae, nos quais as asas anteriores têm nervação característica (v. fig, 124); costal da asa posterior não ou imperfeitamente desenvolvida, exceto em alguns Evanioides e Proctotrupoides; Femur posterior com trochantellus, exceto em alguns Cynipoides, Chalci- doides e Proctotrupoides. Último tergito visível e es- ternito da fêmea não apostos, exceto em Proctotru- poidea, alguns Cinipoides e, menos distintamente, Tri- gonaloides; o ovipositor, geralmente alongado, acha- se parcialmente exposto, pelo menos visto pela face ventral, exceto Evaniidae, muitos Cinipoides e muitos Proctotrupoides; em Trigonalidae o ovipositor é re- duzido; tergito 8.° completamente exposto e parecen- do o 7.°, exceto em alguns Braconidae e Proctotru- poides .................................................................... Secção Parasítica 1' - Asas posteriores com lobo anal, exceto em Formicidae, que apresenta o segmento do gaster sob a forma de escama ou nó, e nos machos de Mutillidae, que apre- sentam uma linha feltrada no 2.° tergito gastral; o lobo é apenas visível numa pequena excisão em Chry- sididae e Cleptidae. Nervura costal da asa posterior geralmente desenvolvida. Femur posterior sem tro- cantellus, embora em alguns grupos se veja uma su- tura na base do femur. Visíveis o último tergito e o esternito apposto da fêmea, exceto em Ceropales (Pompilidae) e em algumas abelhas parasitas (Me- lecia); ovipositor (ferrão) inteiramente escondido, 8.° retraído e parcialmente esesclerosado (exceto em Dryinidae). Antenas de 13 segmentos ou menos .... ................................................................................ Secção Aculeata Série PARASÍTICA (Terebrantes Latreille, 1802, part.; Pupophaga Latreille, 1807, part.; Terebrantia Pupivora Latreille, 1807; Ditrocha, Parasitica Hartig, 1837; Parasita Kirby, 1837, part.; Spiculifera Westwood, 1840; Parasitica Wesmael, 1844; Hym. Parasitica ou Terebrantia Sharp, 1910; Terebrantes Handlirsch, 1925; Parasitica Richards, 1956). HYMENOPTERA 11 Grupo de maxima importância dentre os seres vivos. São de SHARP (Cambridge Natural History) as seguintes palavras: "This is one of most extensive divisions of the class Insecta. There can be little doubt that it contains 200.000 species and possible the number may be very greater than this. It is however one of the most neglected of great groups of insects, though it is perhaps of grater economic importance to mankind than any other". Divisões - Compreende
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