J. HYM. RES. Vol. 9(2), 2000, pp. 254-270

Family Group Names in Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)

R. A. Wharton and C. van Achterberg

of Texas (RAW) Biological Control Laboratory, Department Entomology, A&M University, Nationaal College Station, Texas 77843-2475, USA; (CVA) Afdeling Entomologie (Hymenoptera), Natuurhistorisch Museum, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Abstract. —The known family-group names for Braconidae are listed with their authors and names is with dates of publication. The status of the 224 previously proposed reviewed, particular authors. attention to the validity and priority of names used by nineteenth century

The family Braconidae is exceptionally INTERNATIONAL CODES OF diverse. It is the second largest family ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE within the Hymenoptera, and contains As noted by Menke (1997), there have over 15,000 described species. Consider- been detailed presentations on how the able attention has been to the clas- given Third Edition of the International Code of sification of the Braconidae in recent years, Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1985) ap- including the production of comprehen- plies to family-group names in other sive and synopses and catalogs regional groups of Hymenoptera (Fitton and Gauld the of several treatises on publication 1976, Michener 1986). The recently pub- order within the fam- higher relationships lished Fourth Edition (ICZN 1999) con- Shenefelt 1969, 1980, Fischer 1971, ily (e.g., tains only a few pertinent additions. We 1972, 1965, 1970, Mackauer and Capek therefore present a brief discussion here, 1967, Mackauer 1968, Tobias 1976b, Stary focusing of those provisions of particular 1986, Mason 1981a, 1983, van Achterberg relevance to the Braconidae. Some knowl- 1984, Quicke and van 1990, Achterberg edge of the history of braconid classifica- Shaw and Huddleston Wharton et 1991, tion relative to the development of various al. 1992, 1997, van and Quicke Achterberg Codes or Regies is also necessary for a There have been numerous 1992). changes complete understanding of the rationale in the and shifts subfamily classification, for earlier name changes. Prior to the pub- in rank are commonplace. In the same lication of the 1961 version of the Code for and van year, example, Sharkey (1993) (ICZN 1961), for example, replacement of 29 and 43 Achterberg (1993) recognized a family-group name was a standard and in the Braconi- subfamilies, respectively, acceptable practice when its type genus subtribes dae. As subfamilies, tribes, and was discovered to be a junior synonym. are either into units or combined larger This practice was disallowed under the it is essential to split into smaller ones, 1961 Code for names falling into synony- know which family-group names are my after 1960. Nevertheless, some of the available, and which have priority. The older replacement names have become following discussion on available family- well established in the Braconidae, and are group names is therefore offered to facili- still used today (Article 40.2). tate the correct application of family- Names not based on genera are not group names to braconid taxa. We wel- available (Article 11.7). This applies to the come further discussion on this matter. names used by Wesmael (1835) to group Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 255 genera within the Braconidae, names that names later used to establish formal ge- were nevertheless adopted by most sub- neric and suprageneric categories in sub- sequent authors through the first half of sequent papers (Nees von Esenbeck 1819, the 20th century. A family-group name 1834). The collective names so used by proposed after 1930 must also be accom- Nees were Cheloni, Sigalphi, Microgas- a statement differ- panied by of characters teres (-i), Agathides, Bracones, and Bassi. entiating the group, or reference to same, The first four names were clearly used in or be a replacement name (Article 13). the sense of groups of species within a ge- Though there are few such cases in the nus, though this is not apparent unless all Braconidae, it is not always clear when three parts of the series are examined. The these names have met the criteria for genus Sigalphus Latreille, for example, was availability in subsequent publications. divided into "Familia I. Sigalphi" (Nees Article a 13.2.1, new section added to von Esenbeck 1816, p. 247) and "Familia ICZN (1999), further complicates this II. Cheloni" (Nees von Esenbeck 1816, p. problem. 260). The 18 nominal species treated by Articles 35.4 and 40.2 apply to the au- Nees (1816) under his "Familia II. Che- thorship and dates of availability of fam- loni" were all listed in binominal form ily-group names affected by replacements with Sigalphus as the genus name. These for unjustified emendations or synony- four names thus do not satisfy Article mies. We agree with Menke (1997) that the 11.7.1.2 (ICZN 1999) for establishment of results are not particularly satisfying family group names. Nevertheless, there (since a name could then become available has been some confusion in this regard, before the birth of its author), but we ac- with the subfamily names Agathidinae, cept this, and have noted those cases be- Cheloninae and Microgastrinae variously low. Similarly, there are a few family- attributed to Nees, Blanchard (1845) or group names in the Braconidae that are in- Foerster (1862) over the past 30 years. valid because the type genus is a junior The names Bracones Nees von Esen- homonym (Article 39). beck, 1812 and Bassi Nees von Esenbeck, 1812, however, were used in a hierarchical ASSESSMENT OF RELEVANT sense to denote The LITERATURE suprageneric groups. nominal genera included in Bracones were The works of Nees von Esenbeck (1812, Stephanus Jurine, Bracon ¥., Microgaster La- 1814, 1816) represent the first attempt to treille, Microdus Nees, and Agathis Latreil- establish a hierarchical framework for the le (Nees von Esenbeck 1812, 1814). Nom- Braconidae. Working in close association inal genera included in Bassi were Bassus with Gravenhorst, who had just published Nees, Eubazus Nees, Helcon Nees, Sigal- his first significant monograph on the phus, and Ichneutes Nees (Nees von Esen- Icheumonidae (Gravenhorst 1807), Nees beck 1814, 1816). Bracones and Bassi are concentrated on the "Ichneumonides ad- the oldest available family group names sciti," which contained the species now in- known to us for members of what is now cluded in the Braconidae. In this series of the family Braconidae. The family name papers (dated 1811-1813, but actually Braconidae can thus be attributed to Nees published from 1812-1816), Nees used the (1812). Bassinae Nees (available from Nees word "familia" to denote both groups of 1812, but not completely described until species within a genus as well as groups Nees 1814, p. 200) is unfortunately prob- of genera. He also gave collective names lematic, since it is based on Bassus Nees, to some of these groups of species and 1814. Nees (1814) inexplicably proposed two of the groups of genera. The collective the name Bassus for Ah/sia Latreille, 1804, names used in this series of papers include citing Latreille's Alysia on the line follow- 256 Journal of Hymenoptera Research ing "Bassus mihi." Nees (1814) failed to presented classifications or arrangements cite the use of the name Bassus by Fabri- of parasitic wasps in general or ichneu- cius (1804), which, based on the accepted mons in particular. Several adopted the type species Ichneumon calculator F., 1798, names proposed by Nees (1812, 1814, belongs to the Agathidinae rather than the 1834) and Leach (1815) to designate Alysiinae. While it is also possible that groups of genera, while others proposed Nees simply misidentified Bassus Fabri- additional names. Most of the newly pro- cius (following the interpretation of Bassus posed names in these early publications by Spinola (1808) and others), Nees (1814) were not based on included genera and nevertheless used the term "mihi" when thus do not satisfy the requirements of the describing Bassus, leading to uncertainty current Code of Zoological Nomenclature in the application of the name. The family (ICZN 1999) for availability of family- group name Bassi is thus based on a junior group names. To our knowledge, only two objective synonym (of Alysia) as well as a other authors proposed valid, family- to junior homonym (of Bassus F.). group names prior the work of Foerster Nees (1819) eventually recognized Alysia, (1862). These were Haliday (1833b) and and later (Nees 1834) replaced the family Blanchard (1845). group name Bassi with Alysioideorum. Ear- Haliday (1833a) presented an outline of lier, however, Leach (1815) proposed Aly- his classification of the parasitic Hyme- siada and Stephens (1829) proposed Alysi- noptera of Britain, then filled in the out- idae as family-group names for the species line with descriptions of the genera and placed in Alysia. Thus, the subfamily name species in subsequent issues of the Ento- Alysiinae dates from Leach (1815), though mological Magazine. In a "Tabula Synop- it is often credited to Stephens (1829). Since tica," Haliday (1833b) proposed a division the family group name Bassi was replaced of Nees' Ichneumones adsciti into 4 tribes: well before 1961, and the replacement name Aphidini, Sigalphini, Braconii, and Agath- has won general acceptance, Article 40.2 enses. The currently used family-group (ICZN 1999) would appear to apply, and names Agathidinae, Aphidiinae, and Si- Bassinae would therefore become a syno- galphinae should therefore be attributed nym of Alysiinae. Nevertheless, Article 39 to Haliday (1833b). Haliday's proposal of (ICZN 1999) also applies, and Bassinae, valid family-group names is often over- based on a junior homonym, is thus invalid, looked because Haliday did not use these

If, however, Bassus Nees is treated as a mis- names in the remainder of his work, and identification of Bassus Fabricius, then Bas- later, Haliday (1840) unfortunately aban- sinae could be viewed as a senior synonym doned this arrangement in favor of the di- of Agathidinae. As stability would be af- visions used by Wesmael (1835). Wes- fected in this case (by the resurrection of mael's names (Cyclostomes, Areolaires, Bassinae after 163 years), Articles 41 and 65 Polymorphes, and Cryptogastres), though (ICZN 1999) apply, and the matter would unavailable from the standpoint of formal have to be referred to the Commission. As family-group taxa, were nevertheless all internal evidence points to Bassus Nees widely used by subsequent authors well as a separate taxon from Bassus F., it seems into the 20th century, logical to treat Bassinae as invalid due to Blanchard (1845) was the next author to homonymy of the type genus. propose new family-group taxa in a manner The first three family-group names ap- consistent with the Code. Blanchard (1845) plicable to our current concept of the fam- arranged the braconid genera known to him ily Braconidae were thus proposed by into six named groups. Four of these had Nees (1812) and Leach (1815). Several oth- already been proposed as family-group er early workers, some predating Nees, names (Nees 1812, Leach 1815, Haliday Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 257

1833b). The remaining two, Hybrizonites Helconoidae, Hormioidae, Ichneutoidae, (containing Hybrizon F., Ephedrus Haliday, Liophronoidae, Macrocentroidae, Perilito- and Praon Haliday) and Opiites (containing idae, Rhyssaloidae, and Rogadoidae. Of 17 genera), are the oldest valid and avail- these names, Liophronini is currently able names for their respective family-group treated as a synonym of Euphorini within taxa. The subfamily name Opiinae thus the Euphorinae (based on the classification dates from Blanchard (1845). Blanchard of Shaw (1985)), Euspathioidae is based on clearly states that he followed the classifi- an unjustified emendation (Euspathius cation of earlier authors fairly closely, but Foerster, 1862) of Spathius Nees, 1819 his hierarchical arrangement and use of within the Doryctinae, and Eumicrodoi- names based on included genera makes it dae may also be based on an unjustified easier to recognize these unequivocally as emendation, though unlike Euspathius, family-group taxa. Paxylommatinae is cur- Foerster did not explicitly propose Eumi- rently treated as a subfamily within Ichneu- crodus Foerster, 1862 as an emendation for monidae, and as a senior synonym of Hy- Microdus Nees, 1814 (only implying as brizontinae. Previously (Shenefelt 1969, Ma- much by his selection of the same type son 1981b) the oldest family-group name for species). Eumicrodini could therefore also this taxon was thought to be Pachylomma- be interpreted as an unused senior syno- toidae Foerster, 1862. nym of Microdini (as the latter is defined Throughout the 19th century, the fami- by Sharkey (1992)) within the Agathidi- ly-group name based on Sigalphus Latreil- nae. With the exception of these three le was largely used in a very different (Liophronoidae, Eumicrodoidae, Euspa- sense than it is today. Blanchard (1845) thioidae), all other family-group names presented a clear picture of the earliest use proposed by Foerster (1962) are currently of the name for a group of genera contain- in use as either tribes or subfamilies with- ing Sigalphus, Chelonus Jurine, and Triaspis in the Braconidae. In those cases where Haliday. When used in this sense, Sigal- several of these taxa are combined as phinae is thus a senior synonym of Che- tribes under a single subfamily, the pri- loninae. After Foerster's (1862) description ority of the subfamily name has been es- of the Chelonoidae, and his separation of tablished solely on the basis of historical Chelonoidae from Sigalphoidae, however, usage (essentially following a first reviser the subfamily name Sigalphinae was gen- principle). Thus, Diospilini is treated as a erally misapplied to a group of helconines tribe of Helconinae and not vice versa. now known as the Brachistini. It was not The same is true for the tribal classifica- until Viereck (1914) finally tied the name tion of the Doryctinae and Euphorinae. Sigalphus to its correct type species that the Only in the case of the names Hormiinae subfamily name took on its present mean- and Exothecinae has lack of consistent us- ing (Baker 1926). age as well as uncertainties regarding re- Most of the better-known subfamily and lationships led to problems of priority, as tribal names in use today date from the explained by Wharton (1993). work of Foerster (1862), who proposed a Marshall (1872) was the first to use the large number of family-group names for correct form for Foerster's Euspathioidae the Braconidae. Foerster proposed the fol- when he proposed the familv-group name lowing as new: Chelonoidae and Micro- Spathiides. Based on Article 35.4 (ICZN gasteroidae (validating the species group 1999), the valid familv-group name must names used by Nees), Blacoidae, Brachis- be based on the name Spathius, and should toidae, Dacnusoidae, Diospiloidae, Doryc- be attributed to Foerster (1862) despite the toidae, Eumicrodoidae, Euphoroidae, Eu- priority of usage of the correct form of the spathioidae, Exothecoidae, Hecaboloidae, name by Marshall (1872). Marshall (1872) 258 Journal of Hymenoptera Research is often overlooked as a source for newly several family-group names, all published proposed family-group names, with most in 1900. Slight confusion has arisen, how- authors incorrectly referring to his later ever, because many of the names pro- publications, or sometimes to Parfitt posed by Ashmead were transmitted to (1881) for the family-group names Spathi- several workers in applied entomology ides and /or Calyptides. Similarly, the prior to the appearance of Ashmead's family-group name Pambolides was first (1900b) Classification of the Ichneumono- published by Marshall (1885), though idea, and a few of the family-group names Marshall (1887) or Marshall in Cresson thus first became available in these other (1887) is sometimes cited. Calyptinae (-ini) works. Despite the complexities of this and Pambolinae (-ini) thus date from Mar- matter, the names Aphrastobraconinae shall (1872) and Marshall (1885) respec- (-ini), Cardiochilinae (-ini), Euurobraconi- tively. As explained in detail by Mason nae (-ini), Orgilinae (-ini), Trioxinae (-ini), (1974), the names Brachistinae and Brach- and Zelinae (-ini) should all be attributed istini have priority over Calyptinae and to Ashmead, with Cardiochilinae and Or- Calyptini even though the latter were gilinae in Ashmead (1900a) and the rest in widely used prior to Mason's (1974) pub- Ashmead (1900b). Ashmead (1900a, lication. The spellings Rhogas and Rhoga- 1900b) also appears to have been the first dinae, which are unjustified emendations, to use Microdini in place of Foerster's Eu- date from Marshall (1872). microdoidae, though no specific reason In 1887 both Cresson (as Meteorinae) was offered. As with Spathiinae, however, and Marshall (as Meteorides) used a fam- the family-group name Microdini should ily-group name based on the generic name probably be attributed to Foerster (1862), Meteorus Haliday. In the report dated 26 since Eumicrodus appears to be an unjus- May 1887 (Transactions of the American tified emendation of Microdus (ICZN 1999, Entomological Society 1887: v), Cresson's Article 35.4). Fourteen other authors each paper is listed as an addition to the Soci- proposed a single family-group name dur- ety's library. Marshall's contribution is ing the first half of the 20th century. Only published in the June issue of the Trans- Szepligeti, Viereck, Enderlein and Fahrin- actions of the Entomological Society of ger proposed more than one during this London, and thus was published after period. The publications by Marshall Cresson's. Meteorinae (-ini) therefore (1885, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1891), Marshall in dates from Cresson (1887), even though Dalla Torre (1898), Ashmead (1900b), and Cresson (1887) cites Marshall for kindly Szepligeti (1904) did much to promote the sending him a preprint of his manuscript use of a standard set of subfamily names on the British fauna. The family group in Braconidae during the 20th century, name Toxoneurinae also dates from Cres- even though these names were still fre- son, 1887. This name was replaced with quently placed within the framework of Cardiochilinae by Ashmead (1900a, 1900b) Wesmael's older groupings, when Ashmead sank Toxoneuron Say, 1836 The works of Viereck (1914, 1918, 1919, as a junior subjective synonym of Cardi- 1921) are especially noteworthy as they ochiles Nees, 1819. Though Toxoneurinae provide explicit designations for the type has priority, Cardiochilinae has gained species of genera and thus a clear meaning widespread acceptance (ICZN 1999, Arti- for the family-group names based on these cle 40.2), and should thus be used as the genera. Subsequent authors have dis- valid name for this taxon even though agreed with several of Viereck's interpre- Toxoneuron has recently been reinstated tations, but the value of Viereck's work (Whitfield and Dangerfield 1997). lies in his attempt to provide stability for William H. Ashmead is responsible for ichneumonoid classification through a rig- Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 259 orous application of the type species con- aphidiines, there were relatively few new cept (following adoption of a set of rules suprageneric taxa described from 1940- for zoological nomenclature in 1901 (Re- 1969. By contrast, there were as many new gies 1905)). Gahan's (1917) use of the sub- family-group names proposed from 1970- family name Vipiinae and Viereck's (1918) 1998 as there were from 1812-1969. About subsequent adoption of Vipionidae for 50 of the names proposed after 1969 were nine subfamilies formerly included in the based on newly described genera, with Braconidae were a direct result of Vi- nearly all of these representing new dis- ereck's (1914) interpretation of the type coveries of unusual taxa rather than mere species of the genus Bracon. This particular splitting of existing genera. Most of the re- interpretation led to a transfer of the name maining family-group taxa described after Bracon to the group known then and now 1969 represent attempts to add structure as the Agathidinae. Viereck (1914) also to larger subfamilies such as the Agathi- corrected previous designations for the dinae, Doryctinae, Euphorinae, and Opi- type species of Sigalphus Latreille, and fur- inae. Major works containing new family- ther noted the possiblity that Incubus group names during this period include Schrank was a senior synonym of Avhidius those of Fischer (1970, 1981a), van Achter- Nees. These and other actions resulted in berg (1979c, 1984a, 1988, 1995), Mason several major changes in generic concepts (1981a), Shaw (1985), Tobias (1987), Zettel and the of several and consequent proposal (1990), Belokobylskij' (1992, 1993), new family-group names as replacements Sharkey (1992). for existing ones no longer deemed appro- A few of the family-group names first Bridwell priate (e.g., 1920, Essig 1942). To proposed after 1930 apparently do not counter this, various petitions (e.g., for meet the criteria for availability set out in Bracon) were made to the International Article 13 of the previous edition of the Commission of Zoological Nomenclature Code (ICZN 1985). Under this provision, to fix certain generic concepts, leading to names proposed in catalogues, if such re-establishment of the older names used names were unaccompanied by descrip- Marshall in Dalla Torre are by (1898), Ash- tions, unavailable (e.g., Cosmophori- mead (1900b), and Szepligeti (1904). nae Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951). How- From the standpoint of newly proposed ever, a new provision, Article 13.2.1 family-group names, the last major author (ICZN 1999), provides an exception for of the first half of the 20th century was names (such as Cosmophorinae) proposed Fahringer. Fahringer (1928, 1929, 1930, between 1930 and 1961. Article 13 may 1936) proposed numerous new names for also apply to names first proposed in dis- suprageneric taxa, principally in his mon- cussions of relationships among higher umental work, Opuscula Braconologica, taxa, when there is no clear statement on published in several fascicles over a 12 how the newly named taxon is differenti- Most of the tribal and subtri- ated it is year period. (e.g., Capek 1965). In such cases, bal names he proposed were properly also difficult to determine when these formed and thus available, but a few of names first meet the criteria of availability. them (such as the subtribe Longiradialii) We have noted these problems in brackets are not because they are not based on ge- in the chronological list below, as well as neric names. Fahringer also provided our proposals for when the names first be- what appear to be valid family-group came available. Our findings are summa- names for two sections (a suprageneric rized below in two forms: a chronological category he used below subtribe). list of all family-group names known to us Aside from Mackauer's (1961) proposal and an appendix of all proposed names in of seven new family-group names for alphabetical order. of Hymenoptera Research 260 Journal

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF FAMILY- Perilitoidae Foerster, 1862: 228. GROUP NAMES IN BRACONIDAE, Brachistoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. USING SPELLINGS AS ORIGINALLY Blacoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. PROPOSED Liophronoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. Ichneutoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. list below contains all The family-group Helconoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. to us with the of names known exception Macrocentroidae Foerster, 1862: 229. those not based on names. Names generic Diospiloidae Foerster, 1862: 229. their author, date first are followed by Dacnusoidae Foerster, 1862: 229. number where the proposed, and page Exothecoidae Foerster, 1862: 279. name is first found. citations for Complete Spathiides Marshall, 1872: 97. each author are in the Literature Cited. We Rhogadides Marshall, 1872: 99. are aware that there are variant many Calyptides Marshall, 1872: 116. used spellings that have been subsequent Pambolides Marshall, 1885: 9. these names to the first proposal of (es- Meteorinae Cresson, 1887: 55. of pecially before standardization endings Toxoneurinae Cresson, 1887: 55. for names), but we have not family-group Orgilini Ashmead, 1900a: 590. focused our treated them here. We have Cardiochilinae Ashmead, 1900a: 592. and attention on the priority of names, Microdini Ashmead, 1900a: 592. the have thus also avoided discussion of Alloeini Ashmead, 1900b: 104. issue of correct for the important spellings Aphrastobraconini Ashmead, 1900b: 136. include ad- most part. Where useful, we Euurobraconini Ashmead, 1900b: 136. ditional information on validity and avail- Trioxini Ashmead, 1900b: 113. for ability in brackets, especially younger Zelini Ashmead, 1900b: 118. names to have had thought priority. Cenocoelionidae Szepligeti, 1901: 353. Bracones 1812: 3. Nees, Gnathobraconinae Szepligeti, 1904a: 2. 3 based Bassi Nees, 1812: [invalid name; Mimagathidinae Enderlein, 1905: 449. on junior homonym (Bassus Nees, 1814, Holcobraconini Cameron, 1905: 90. Bassus not Fabricius, 1804)]. Leiophroninae Schmiedeknecht, 1907: 511 Leach, 1815: 143 of Alysiada [= Alysiidae [first correct spelling Liophronoidae Stephens, 1929: 355]. Foerster, 1862]. 260 Cheloni Nees, 1816: [unavailable Helorimorphinae Schmiedeknecht, 1907: name, see introduction]. 511. 1833b: 482. Aphidini Haliday, Microtypinae Szepligeti, 1908: 426. 1833b: 482 Sigalphini Haliday, [= Sigal- Capitoniidae Viereck, 1910: 616. phites Blanchard, 1845: 157]. Trachypetinae Schulz, 1911: 85. 1833b: 482 Agathenes Haliday, [= Agath- Stephaniscinae Enderlein, 1912: 1 [invalid ites Blanchard, 1845: 157]. name, based on junior homonym]. Opiites Blanchard, 1845: 157. Psenobolini Enderlein, 1912: 2 [= Pseno- Euspathioidae Foerster, 1862: 227. bolina Belokobylskij, 1992: 922]. Hecaboloidae Foerster, 1862: 227. Pseudospathiini Enderlein, 1912: 2. Doryctoidae Foerster, 1862: 227. Vipiinae Gahan, 1917: 196 [= Vipioninae Hormioidae Foerster, 1862: 227. Viereck, 1918: 69]. Rogadoidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Elasmosominae Viereck, 1918: 69. Rhyssaloidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Mesocoelinae Viereck, 1918: 69. Chelonoidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Apantelinae Viereck, 1918: 69. Microgasteroidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Miracinae Viereck, 1918: 69. Eumicrodoidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Adelinae Viereck, 1918: 69 [= Acoeliini Euphoroidae Foerster, 1862: 228. Telenga, 1955: 14]. Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 261

Bassinae Viereck, 1918: 70. Ecphylini Hellen, 1957: 36. Triaspinae Viereck, 1918: 71. Coeloidini Tobias, 1957: 1347. Pelecystominae Viereck, 1918: 71. Glyptomorphini Tobias, 1957: 1348. Neoneurinae Bengtsson, 1918: 27. Cosmophorinae Capek, 1958: 153 [the first Coeliniinae Viereck, 1919a: 48. publication in which this name satisfies Stantoninae Viereck, 1919b: 198. criterion of availability under Article Microbraconinae Bridwell, 1920: 389. 13.1]. Ypsistocerinae Cushman, 1923: 54. Iseurini Hedqvist, 1959: 486 [incorrectly Phanerotomini Baker, 1926: 453. included in Megalyridae]. Aleiodinae Muesebeck, 1928: 901. Ephedrinae Mackauer, 1961: 794. Atanycoloidea Fahringer, 1928: 7 [pro- Prainae Mackauer, 1961: 794. posed as a Sectio]. Aclitinae Mackauer, 1961: 795. Iphiaulacoidea Fahringer, 1928: 7. Paralipsina Mackauer, 1961: 800. Habrobraconini Fahringer, 1928: 7. Lysiphlebina Mackauer, 1961: 800. Gastrothecini Fahringer, 1928: 7 [incor- Protaphidiina Mackauer, 1961: 801. rectly attributed to Foerster; invalid Monoctonina Mackauer, 1961: 801. name, based on junior homonym]. Telengainae Tobias, 1962: 269. Phanomerini Fahringer, 1928: 7. Centistinae Capek, 1965: 99 [nomen nudum, Acanthobraconini Fahringer, 1928: 7. available from Capek 1970]. Rhaconotini Fahringer, 1928: 8. Meteorideinae Capek, 1965: 99. [apparent Pseudostephaniscini Fahringer, 1928: 8 nomen nudum; if so, available from To- [unavailable, not based on a valid ge- bias 1967]. neric name]. Meteorideinae Tobias, 1967: 395. Baeocentrini Fahringer, 1928: 8. Lysitermini Tobias, 1968: 28. Rhamnurini 1929: 234 = 1968: 30. Fahringer, [ Archaphidina Mackauer, Rhamnurini van Achterberg, 1981: 88]. Muesebeckiini Mason, 1969: 263. Histeromerini Fahringer, 1930: 121. Centistinae Capek, 1970: 867. Gynocryptinae Quilis Perez, 1931: 26. Ademonini Fischer, 1970: 82. Incubinae Brues and 1932: 482 1970: 85 = Melander, Gnaptodonina Fischer, [ [published as junior synonym of Aphi- Gnamptodontinae Fischer 1970 as a re- diinae]. sult of ICZN Opinion 1424 (1987)]. Chiviniini Shestakov, 1932: 258. Biosterina Fischer, 1970: 85. Pseudodicrogeniinae Fahringer, 1936: 572. Coleopiina Fischer, 1970: 85. Aneurobraconinae Fahringer, 1936: 587. Pokomandyina Fischer, 1970: 86. Incubidae Essig, 1942: 644 [first valid Desmiostomini Fischer, 1972: 55 [= Des- treatment of name, which then becomes miostomatini Fischer, 1972: 56]. available as of 1932 (ICZN 1999, Article Mesostoinae van Achterberg, 1975: 158. 11.6.1)]. Proteropini van Achterberg, 1976: 43. Minangina De Saeger, 1948: 71. Zemiotini van Achterberg, 1976: 44. Odontobraconinae Granger, 1949: 17. Gnaptogastrini Tobias, 1976b: 319. Cosmophorinae Muesebeck and Walkley, Exodontiellini Wharton, 1978: 298. 1951: 183 [nomen nudum but possibly Apozygidae Mason, 1978: 609. valid under Article 13.2.1]. Betylobraconinae Tobias, 1979: 130. Neobraconinae Hellen, 1957: 33 [nomen Cercobarconinae Tobias, 1979: 134. nudum; attributed to Fahringer, thus Amicrocentrinae van Achterberg, 1979a: 1. probably a misspelling of Neorhacodi- Xiphozelinae van Achterberg, 1979b: 29. nae]. Charmontini van Achterberg, 1979c: 241. Chremylini Hellen, 1957: 34. Homolobinae van Achterberg, 1979c: 241. Acrisidini Hellen, 1957: 35. Microplitini Mason, 1981a: 24. 262 Journal of Hymenoptera Research

Forniciini Mason, 1981a: 24. Blacozonini van Achterberg, 1988: 3. Cotesiini Mason, 1981a: 24. Stegnocellini van Achterberg, 1988: 3. Evaniodini Fischer, 1981a: 44. Dyscoletini van Achterberg, 1988: 3 [ap- Binareina Fischer, 1981a: 45. parently the first publication in which Dendrosotina Fischer, 1981a: 45. this name satisfies criterion of availabil-

Stenocorsina Fischer, 1981a: 45. ity under Article 13]. Heterospilini Fischer, 1981a: 45. Isomecini Tobias, 1990: 174. Neoclinocentrina Fischer, 1981a: 45. Pentatermini Belokobylskij, 1990: 116. Pedinotina Fischer, 1981a: 46. Odontosphaeropygini Zettel, 1990: 147. Bitomina Fischer, 1981b: 29. Phanerotomellina Zettel, 1990: 147. Mononeurina Fischer, 1981c: 47. Pseudophanerotomini Zettel, 1990: 147. Khoikhoiinae Mason, 1983: 49. Pseudohelconina van Achterberg, 1990a: Brulleiini van Achterberg, 1983a: 281. 283. Adeshini van Achterberg, 1983b: 175. Pronkiini van Achterberg, 1990b: 169. Dirrhopinae van Achterberg, 1984a: 41. Yeliconini van Achterberg, 1991a: 3. Acampsini van Achterberg, 1984a: 41 [ap- Clinocentrini van Achterberg, 1991a: 3. parent nomen nudum]. Argamaniini van Achterberg, 1991b: 204. Dyscoletini van Achterberg, 1984a: 41 [ap- Afrocampsini van Achterberg and Austin, parent nomen nudum]. 1992: 3. Leptorhaconotini van Achterberg, 1984a: Acampsini van Achterberg and Austin, 41 [apparent nomen nudum]. 1992: 3 [apparently the first publication Aspidobraconina van Achterberg, 1984b: in which this name satisfies criterion of 137. availability under Article 13]. Physaraiina van Achterberg, 1984b: 137. Doryctomorphina Belokobylskij, 1992: Rhysipolini Belokobylskij, 1984: 1021. 908. Dinocampini Shaw, 1985: 277. Caenophanina Belokobylskij, 1992: 908. Townesilitini Shaw, 1985: 277. Acanthodoryctina Belokobylskij, 1992: Microctonini Shaw, 1985: 277. 910. Loxocephalini Shaw, 1985: 277 [apparent Ivondroviina Belokobylskij, 1992: 912. nomen nudum; also invalid based on ju- Pambolideina Belokobylskij, 1992: 913. nior homonym]. Percnobraconoidina Belokobylskij, 1992: Syntretini Shaw, 1985: 277. 915. Ecnomiinae van Achterberg, 1985: 341. Labaniini Belokobylskij, 1992: 917. Pselaphanini van Achterberg, 1985: 341. Sericobraconini Belokobylskij, 1992: 918. Victoroviellini Tobias, 1986: 95. Spathiostenina Belokobylskij, 1992: 920. Cryptoxilonini Tobias, 1986: 183. Leptorhaconotini Belokobylskij, 1992: 920 Diospilitinae Tobias, 1987: 845. [apparently the first publication in Acampsohelconini Tobias, 1987: 847. which this name satisfies criterion of Chelonohelconini Tobias, 1987: 847. availability under Article 13]. Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987: 848. Sisupalina Belokobylskij, 1992: 921. Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987: 850. Trigonophasmina Belokobylskij, 1992: 921. Semionini Tobias, 1987: 854. Ptesimogastrina Belokobylskij, 1992: 922. Vaepellinae Quicke, 1987a: 73. Spathioplitina Belokobylskij, 1992: 922. Bathyaulacini Quicke, 1987b: 43. Percnobraconini Belokobylskij, 1992: 924. Antestrigini van Achterberg, 1987: 3. Westwoodiellini van Achterberg, 1992 Praonopterinae Tobias, 1988: 645. 359. Lissogastrini Oltra and Michelena, 1988: Cremnoptini Sharkey, 1992: 425. 165. Disophrini Sharkey, 1992: 425. Chalaropini van Achterberg, 1988: 3. Earinini Sharkey, 1992: 425. Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 263

Hydrangeocolini Whitfield, 1992: 274 erature into databases that greatly facilitated compi- lation of the lists presented here. This work was fund- [possibly a women nudum]. ed in part by the National Science Foundation Dimerina Belokobylskij, 1993: 145. (DEB9712543). Support of the Texas Agriculture Ex- 1993: 148. Oncophanina Belokobylskij, periment Station is also gratefully acknowledged. Acanthormiina Belokobylskij, 1993: 151. Tritermina Belokobylskij, 1993: 152. LITERATURE CITED Cedriina Belokobylskij, 1993: 154. Achterberg, C. van. 1975. A new genus, Mesostoa gen. 1993: 155. Chremylomorphini Belokobylskij, nov., from W. Australia, belonging to a new sub- Canberriini Belokobylskij, 1993: 156. family (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Entomologis- che Berichten Amsterdam 35: 158-160. Monitoriellini Belokobylskij, 1993: 156. Achterberg, C. van. 1976. A preliminary key to the Avgini Belokobylskij, 1993: 157. subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Leuriniina Belokobylskij, 1993: 158. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 119: 33-78. Parahormiina 1993: 158. Belokobylskij, Achterberg, C. van. 1979a. A revision of the species Austrohormiini Belokobylskij, 1993: 159. of Amicrocentrinae, a new subfamily (Hvmenop- with a of the final Stiropiini van Achterberg, 1993: 25. tera, Braconidae), description larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis by Syngastrini van Achterberg, 1993: 55 [no- J.F.T. Short. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 122: 1-28. men nudum]. Achterberg, C. van. 1979b. A revision of the new sub- Ussurohelconini van 1994: 3. Achterberg, family Xiphozelinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Siragrini Belokobylskij, 1994: 141. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 122: 29^16. C. van. 1979c. A revision of the Maxfischeriini Papp, 1994: 143. Achterberg, subfamily Zelinae Mendesellinae Whitfield and Mason, 1994: auct. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 122: 241^479. 61. Achterberg, C. van. 1981. The position of the genus Facitorini van 1995: 3. Achterberg, Rhamnura Enderlein among the Braconidae (Hy- Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995: 3. menoptera). Entomologische Berichten 41: 88-91. C. van. 1983a. A revision of the new tribe Masoninae (-ini) van Achterberg, 1995: 3. Achterberg, Brulleiini Braconidae). Contribu- Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995: 3. (Hymenoptera: tions of the American Entomological Institute 20: Embobraconina van 1995: 4. Achterberg, 281-306. Tetra termini van 1996: 249. Achterberg, Achterberg, C. van. 1983b. Six new genera of Braconinae Xyeloblacini van Achterberg and Alten- from the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Bra- hofer, 1997: 291. conidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 175-202. C. van. 1984a. on the of Myiocephalini Chen and van Achterberg, Achterberg, Essay phylogeny Braconidae (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). En- 1997: 3. tomologisk Tuiskrift 105: 41-58. Vervoortihelconina van 1998: Achterberg, Achterberg, C. van. 1984b. Revision of the genera of 401. Braconini with first and second metasomal ter- Excluded names (not Braconidae): gite immovably joined (Hymenoptera, Braconi- dae, Braconinae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 127: Hybrizonites Blanchard, 1845: 155 [be- 137-164. longs to Ichneumonidae, as senior syn- Achterberg, C. van. 1985. Notes on Braconidae V-VI. of onym Paxylommatinae Foerster]. V. The systematic position of the genera Ecnomios Excultinae Sharma, 1984. Reichenbachia Mason and Pselaphanus Szepligeti (Hymenop- 22: 76 [belongs to Chrysididae]. tera: Braconidae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 59: 341-348. Achterberg, C. van. 1987. Revisionary notes on the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS subfamily Orgilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 242: 1-111. The senior is author particularly thankful to Roy Achterberg, C. van. 1988. Revision of the subfamily Shenefelt and Henry Townes (American Entomolog- Blacinae Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). ical Institute) (both deceased) and to Paul Marsh (for- Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 24^: 1-324. merly USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Labora- Achterberg, C. van. lWOa. Revision oi the subtribe tory) for access to and discussions about some of the Pseudohelconina nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconi- early literature. Lisa Brown and Terry Junek provid- dae). Zoologische Mededelingoi Leiden 63: 283-308. ed considerable assistance by typing names and lit- Achterberg, C. van. 1990b. Pronkia. a new genu^ of of Hymenoptera Research 264 Journal

journal Science 31: the Meteorideinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) cept Chelonus). Philippine of Lei- 451-489. from New Zealand. Zoologische Mededelingen S. A. 1984. On the division of the tribe den 64: 169-175. Belokobylskij, in two of the of Exothecini s.l. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Achterberg, C. van. 1991a. Revision genera with the description of a new genus and subge- the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctical Rogadinae U.S.S.R. nus. Zoologicheskii Zhitrnal Academy of Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische 63: 1019-1026. Russian] 1-102. Science Leningrad [In Verhandelingen Leiden 273: S. A. 1990. Material for Braconid Fauna taxonomic of Belokobylskij, Achterberg, C. van. 1991b. The position of Exothecidii (Hymenoptera, Bracon- the Papp (Hymenoptera: Bra- Supertribe genus Argamania of Vietnam. 65: 203- idae, Doryctinae) Trudy Zoologisches- conidae). Mededelingen Leiden Zoologische Naitk SSSR 209: 115-140. kogo Instituta Akademii 207. [In Russian] C. van. 1992. Revisionary notes on the Achterberg, the classification and Belokobylskij, S. A. 1992. On Homolobinae (Hymenoptera: Bracon- subfamily of the braconid wasp subfamilies Do- Leiden 66: 359-368. phylogeny idae). Zoologische Mededelingen and Exothecinae Bracon- to the sub- ryctinae (Hymenoptera, Achterberg, C. van. 1993. Illustrated key idae). Part I. On the classification, 1. Entomologis- families of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ich- Ohozrenie 71: 900-928. [In Russian] Leiden cheskoye neumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen and Belokobylskij, 1993. On the classification phylog- 283: 1-189. eny of the braconid wasp subfamilies Doryctinae C. van. 1994. Generic revision of the sub- Achterberg, and Exothecinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Cenocoeliinae Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: family Part I. On the classification, 2. Entomologischeskoye Verhandelingen Leiden Braconidae). Zoologische Ohozrenie 72: 143-164. [In Russian] 292: 1-52. tribe of the subfam- Belokobylskij, S. A. 1994. A new C. van. 1995. Generic revision of the sub- Guinea Achterberg, Doryctinae from Papua New (Hy- with ily and other groups Rossica 3: family Betylobraconinae menoptera: Braconidae). Zoosystematica modified fore tarsus. Zoologische Verhandelingen 141-145.

Leiden 298: 1-242. I. Die Bengtsson, S. 1918. Braconologische Beitraege C. van. 1996. In: C. van and Achterberg, Achterberg, Gattungen Neoneurus Hal. und Elasmosoma H. Steiner. A new of Tetratermini (Hy- Lunds Univ- genus Ruthe, monographisch Dargestellt. Braconidae: menoptera: Lysiterminae) parasitic ersitets Arsskrift. (2)14: 1-28. Me- on grasshoppers (Gryllacrididae). Zoologische Blanchard, E. 1845. Histoire des insects traitant de leurs 70: 249-259. dedelingen Leiden moeurs et de leurs metamorphoses en general et com- C. van. 1998. Vervoortihelcon, a new genus sur leurs Achterberg, prenant une nouvelle classification fondee of the Helconinae Foerster 1. Paris. 398 subfamily (Hymenop- rapports naturels. Didot, pp. tera: from Chile. Verhan- notes on Braconidae) Zoologische Bridwell, J. C. 1920. Miscellaneous Hyme- Leiden 323: 401^05. with of new delingen noptera, 2nd Paper, descriptions C. van and E. Altenhofer. 1997. the Hawaiian Achterberg, Xyeloblacus species. Proceedings of Entomological nov. Braconidae: Blacinae) gen. (Hymenoptera: par- Society 4: 386-403. Zool- asitoid of Xyelinae (Xyelidae: Hymenoptera). Brues, C. T. and A. L. Melander. 1932. Classification Leiden 71: 291-298. families of insects ogische Mededelingen of Insects. A key to the known Revision the Achterberg, C. van and A. D. Austin. 1992. and other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of of the 73: 1-672. of the genera subfamily Sigalphinae (Hy- Museum of Comparative Zoology of menoptera: Braconidae), including a revision Cameron, P. 1905. On the phytophagous and parasit- Mr. E. Green in the Australian species. Zoologische Verhandelingen ic Hymenoptera collected by Bulletin the National Leiden 280: 1-44. Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica of D. L. 1992. 3: 75-143. Achterberg, C. van and J. Quicke. Phylog- Museums of Ceylon Braconidae: Arten eny of the subfamilies of the family Capek, M. 1958. Revision der Europaeischen a reassessment assessed. Cladistics 8: 237-264. der Gattung Cosmophorus Ratz. (Hym. Braconi- B. of Nationalis Ashmead, W. H. 1900a. In: Smith, J. Insects New dae). Acta Entomologica Musei Pragae Board Jersey. Report to the New Jersey of Agricul- 32:151-169. of Braconidae ture, Supplement 27: 1-755. [Report for 1899, pub- Capek, M. 1965. The classification lished 1900. in relation to host specificity. Proceedings early | (Hym.) Lou Ashmead, W. H. 1900b. Classification of the Ichneu- of the Xll International Congress of Entomology mon flies of the superfamily Ichneumonidae. don 12: 98-99. States National Museum M. 1970. A new classification of the Braconi- Proceedings of the United Capek, based on the structures of the final 23: 1-220. [Date of publication October 13, 1900.] dae cephalic larva and evidence. Canadian En- Baker, C. F. 1926. Braconidae-Cheloninae of the Phil- instar biological Australia 1. Chelonini 102: 866-875. ippines, Malaya, and (ex- tomologist Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 265

Chen, X. and C. van Achterberg. 1997. Revision of the nen—Genus aus Brasilien (Hymenoptera, Bra- subfamily Euphorinae (excluding the tribe Me- conidae). Zeitschrifl der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oster- teorini Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reichischer Entomologen 33: 47-51. from China. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden Fitton, M. G. and I. D. Gauld. 1976. The family-group 313: 1-217. names of the Ichneumonidae (excluding Ichneu- Cresson, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the families and gen- moninae) (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology era of the Hymenoptera of America, north of 1: 247-258. Mexico together with a catalogue of the de- Foerster, A. 1862. Synopsis der Familien und Gattun- scribed species, and bibliography. Transactions of gen der Braconen. Verhandlungen des Naturhisto- the Entomological Society, Supplementary Volume 4: rischen Vereines preussischen Rheinlande und West- 1-350. phalens 19: 225-288. [A variety of spellings have Cushman, R. A. 1923. A new subfamily of Braconidae been used for the journal name.] (Hymenoptera) from termite nests. Proceedings of Gahan, A. B. 1917. Descriptions of some new parasitic the Entomological Society of Washington 25: 54-56. Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the United States Na- De Saeger, H. 1948. Cardiochilinae et Sigalphinae tional Museum 53: 195-217. (Hymenoptera Apocrita) Fam. Braconidae. Explo- Granger, C. 1949. Braconides de Madagascar. Memo- ration du Pare National Albert Mission G. F. de Wri- ires de L'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar Serie A. te (1933-1935). 53: 1-272. Biologic Animate 2: 1^428. L. Enderlein, G. 1905. Die Braconiden-Subfamilie Mim- Gravenhorst, J. C. 1807. Vergleichende Uebersicht des agathidinae m. Zoologischer Anzeiger 28: 449^154. Linneischen und einiger neueren zoologischen Syste- Enderlein, G. 1912. Zur Kenntnis der Spathiinen un me nebst dem eingeschalteten Verzeichniss der zool- einiger verwandter Gruppen. Archive fuer Natur- ogischen Sammlung des Verfassers. Dieterich, Goet- geschichte (A) 78 (2): 1-37. tingen. 476 pp. Essig, E. O. 1942. Family Braconidae, pp. 643-645. In: Haliday, A. H. 1833a. An essay on the classification College Entomology. MacMillan, New York. 900 pp. of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which C. 1798. Fabricius, J. Supplementum Entomologiae Sys- correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Lin- tematicae. Proft and Storch, Hafniae. 572 pp. naeus. Entomological Magazine 1: 259-276.

Fabricius, J. C. 1804. Systema Piezatorum secundum Or- Haliday, A. H. 1833b. Essay on the classification of dines, Genera, Species adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Ob- parasitic Hymenoptera &c. Of the Ichneumones servationibus, Descriptionibus. Reichard, Brunsvi- of the Second Line, (Ichneumones adsciti, Essen- ga. 439 pp. beck.). Entomological Magazine 1:480-491. 1928. 2. Fahringer, J. Aethiopische Region. Opuscula Bra- Haliday, A. H. 1840. Subfamily Braconides Westw. conologica 2(1-3): 1-224. (Ichneumones Adsciti Esenb.), pp. 61-65. In: 1929. the Fahringer, J. Aethiopische Region. Opuscula Bra- Westwood, J. O. (editor). Synopsis of Genera of conologica 2(4): 225-304. British Insects. Spottiswood, London. 158 pp. 1930. Fahringer, J. Palaeartikische Region. Opuscula Hedqvist, K.-J. 1959. Chapter XXVIII Hymenoptera Braconologica 3(1-2): 1-160. (Ichneumonoidea): Megalvridae. South African 1936. Fahringer, J. Ueber einige merkwuerdige und sel- Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expe tene Hymenopteren-Gattungen aus Afrika. Fest- dition m 1950-1951 6: 485-490.

schrift fuer Professor Dr. Embrik Strand 1: 568-591. Hellen, W. 1957. Zur Kenntnis der Braconidae: I v Fischer, M. 1970. Probleme der Systematik bei den clostomi Finnlands. Notulae Lntomologicac 37:

Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Zeitschrifl 33-52. der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreicher Entomologen International Commission on Zoological Nomencla- 22: 81-88. ture. 1961. International Code of Zoological Nomen- M. 1971. Braconidae. World In clature the International Fischer, Hym. Opiinae. Adopted />t/ XV Congress of dex of Entomophagous Insects. Le Francois, Paris. Zoology. International Trust for Zoological No- 189 pp. menclature, London. 176 pp. Fischer, M. 1972. Hymenoptera: Braconidae (Opiinae International Commission on Zoological Nomencla- I). Das Tierreich 91: 1-620. [Published October, ture. 1985. International Code of Zoological Somen 1972, though both 1972 and 1973 are printed on cloture, third edition. Charlesworth & Co., Hud- the cover.] dersfield. 338 pp. Fischer, M. 1981a. Attempt at a systematic classifica- International Commission on Zoological Nomencla- tion of Doryctinae, especially Dorvctini, (Hyme- ture. 1987. Opinion 1424. Gnamptodon Halidaj noptera, Braconidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologi 1833 (Insecta: Hymenoptera): Bracon pumilio cine 51: 41-99. Nees, 1834 designated as type species. Bulletin of Fischer, M. 1981b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae: Zoological Nomenclature 44: 55-56.

Opiinae. Catalogue Faunae Austriae I6j: 1-38. International Commission on Zoological Nomencla- M. 1981c. ein 1999. International Fischer, Mo}]oneuron, neues Dorvcti- ture. Code oj Zoological Nomen- 266 Journal of Hymenoptera Research

cloture, fourth edition.Tipografia La Garangola, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 115: Padova. 306 pp. 1-147. Latreille, P. A. 1804. Table methodique des insectes, Mason, W. R. M. 1981b. Paxylommatidae: The correct pp. 129-200 In: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Historie family-group name for Hybrizon Fallen (Hyme- Naturelle..., first edition, volume 24. Deterville, noptera: Ichneumonoidea), with figures of un- Paris. 258 pp. usual antennal sensilla. Canadian Entomologist Leach, W. E. 1815. Entomology, pp. 57-172. In: Brew- 113: 433^39. D. volume 9. ster, (editor). Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Mason, W.R.M. 1983. A new South African subfamily der Familie Mackauer, M. 1961. Die Gattungen Aphi- related to Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Bracon- diidae und ihre verwandtschaftliche Zuordnung idae). Contributions of the American Entomological (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Beitraege zur Institute 20: 49-62. 11: 792-803. Entomologie Menke, A. S. 1997. Family-group names in Sphecidae Mackauer, M. 1968. Pars 3 In: Ferriere, Aphidiidae. (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Ch. and J. van der Vecht (editors). Hymenoptero- Research 6: 243-255. rum nova editio. W. The Catalogus, Junk, Hague. Michener, C. D. 1986. Family-group names among 103 pp. bees. Journal of the Kaiisas Entomological Society 59: Mackauer, M. and P. Stary. 1967. The Aphidiidae of the 219-234. World. Index of Entomophagous Insects. Le Fran- Muesebeck, C. F. W. 1928. Family Braconidae, pp. cois, Paris. 195 pp. 895-920. In: Leonard, M. D. A list of the insects Marshall, T. A. 1872. Braconidae, pp. 96-132. A Cat- of New York with a list of the spiders and certain alog of the British Hymenoptera. Part 4: Chrysidi- allied groups. Memoirs of the Cornell University dae, lchneumonidae , Braconidae, and Evaniidae. Agricultural Experiment Station, volume 101. Napier, Entomological Society of London, Lon- [Cover dated August, 1926, but date of issue was don. 137 pp. January, 1928.] Marshall, T. A. 1885. Monograph of British Braconi- Muesebeck, C. F. W. and L. M. Walkley 1951. Family dae. Part I. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Braconidae, pp. 90-184. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Society of London 1885: 1-280. K. V. Krombein, and H. K. Townes Hymenoptera Marshall, T. A. 1887. Monograph of British Braconi- of America, north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. U.S. dae. Part II. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Society of London 1887: 51-131. 1420 pp. Marshall, T. A. 1888. Les Braconides. In: Andre, E. Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. 1812. Ichneumonides ad- Species des Hymenopteres D'Europe & D'Algerie, sciti in genera et familias divisi a Dre. Nees ab volume 4. Andre, Beaune (Cote D'Or) 609 pp. Esenbeck. Magazin Gesellschaft Naturforschender [Shenefelt (1965) indicates publication in 1890 Freunde zu Berlin 5: 3-37. [Volume dated 1811, but this is incorrect.] Marshall, T. A. 1889. A Monograph of British Bracon- published 1812.] Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. 1814. Ichneumonides ad- idae. Part III. Transactions of the Royal Entomolog- sciti in genera et familias divisi a Dre. Nees ab ical Society of London 1889: 149-210. Esenbeck. Continuatio. Na- Marshall, T. A. 1891. A monograph of British Bracon- Magazin Gesellschaft turforschender Freunde zu Berlin 6: 183-221. [Vol- idae. Part IV. Transactions of the Entomological So- ume dated 1812, 1814.] ciety of London 1891: 7-61. published Nees von C. G. 1816. Ichneumonides ad- Marshall, T. A. 1898. Braconidae. In: Dalla Torre, C. Esenbeck, sciti in et familias divisi a Dre. Nees ab G. de Catalogus Hymenopterorum, IV, volume 8. genera Esenbeck. Continuatio. Gesellschaft Na- Engelmann, Leipzig. 323 pp. Magazin Freunde zu Berlin 7: 243-277. Mason, W. R. M. 1969. Muesebeckiini, a new tribe of turforschender [Vol- ume dated 1813, Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the En- published 1816.] Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. 1819. ad J. L. C. tomological Society of Washington 71: 263-278. Appendix Gravenhorst et familiarum Mason, W. R. M. 1974. A generic synopsis of Brachistini conspectum generum ichneumonidum. Genera et familias ichneumon- (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and recognition of the adscitorum exhibens. lsis 9: 299-310. name Charmon Haliday. Proceedings of the Entomo- idum [Vol- ume dated logical Society of Washingto)i 76: 235-246. 1818, published 1819.] 1834. Ich- Mason, W. R. M. 1978. A new genus, species and fam- Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. Hymenopterorum ily of Hymenoptera (Ichneumonoidea) from neumonibus affinium monographiae, genera Europaea Chile. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of ei species illustrantes, volume 1. Cotta, Stuttgart Washington 80: 606-610. and Tuebingen. 320 pp. Mason, W. R. M. 1981a. The polyphyletic nature of Oltra Moscardo, M. and M. Michelena Saval, 1988. Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a Contribution al conocimiento de los Microgastri- phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. nae en la Peninsula Iberica (Hym., Braconidae): Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 267

III. Cotesini. Eos Rei'ista Espanola de Entomologia edge of the world literature regarding Braconi- 64: 165-171. dae. Beitraege zur Entomologie 15: 243-500. 1994. tricolor n. et n. from R. D. 1969. Pars 4 Braconidae 1 Papp, J. Maxfischeria gen. sp. Shenefelt, Hybrizon- Australia (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae). tinae, Euphorinae, Cosmophorinae, Neoneuri-

Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 96: nae, Macrocentrinae. In: Ferriere, Ch. and J. van 143-147. der Vecht (editors). Hymenopterorum Catalogus, Parfitt, E. 1881. The fauna of Devon. Order Hym. nova editio. Junk, The Hague. 176 pp. Fam. Ich. Section Pupivora. Reports and Transac- Shenefelt, R. D. 1980. Pars 16 Braconidae 11: Intro- tions of the Devonshire Association for the Advance- duction, Guide to host names, Index to braconid ment of Science, Literature, and Art 13: 240-292. names. In: Achterberg, C. van and R. D. Shenefelt L. Braconi- editio. Quicke, D. J. 1987a. A new subfamily of (editors). Hymenopterorum Catalogus, nova dae, the Vaepellinae, based on a new genus and Junk, The Hague. 384 pp. species from Ghana (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Shestakov, A. 1932. Zur Kenntnis der asiatischen Bra- Zoologica Scripta 16: 73-77. coniden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 99: 255-263. bra- cited as or Quicke, D. L. J. 1987b. The Old World genera of [Sometimes 1930 (1930) 1932, but date = conine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). jour- submitted 24 March 1932]. nal of Natural History 21: 43-157. Spinola, M. 1808. Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Quicke, D.LJ. and V.I. Tobias, 1990. New genera of Rariores, quas in Agro Ligustico nuper Detexit, Des- et 2. braconid wasps of the subfamily Braconinae cripsit, iconibus Illustravit, volume Gravier, (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Australia. En- Genua. 263 pp. F. British In- tomologischeskoye Obozrenie 69: 164-180. Stephens, J. 1829. The Nomenclature of sects. In: British Insects. Quicke, D. L. J. and C. van Achterberg. 1990. Phylog- Systematic Catalogue of eny of the subfamilies of the family Braconidae Baldwin and Cradock, London. 68 pp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Szepligeti, G. 1901.Tropische Cenocoelioniden und Verhandelingen Leiden 258: 1-95. Braconiden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen Quilis Perez, M. 1931. Especies nuevas de Aphidiidae National-Museums. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 24: espanoles (Hym. Brae). Eos Rei'ista Espanola de 353-402. Entomologia 7: 25-84. Szepligeti, G. 1904a. Ueber Gnathobracon A. Costa. Regies Internationales de la Nomenclature Zoologique Annuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Adoptees par les Congres Internationaux de Zoologie. Napoli 1: 2. 1905. F. R. de Rudeval, Paris. Szepligeti, G. V. 1904b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconi- Say, T. 1836. Descriptions of new species of North dae. In: Wytsman, P. Genera Insectorum, volume American Hymenoptera, and observations on 22. Verteneuil and Desmet, Bruxelles. 253 pp. some already described. Boston journal of Natural Szepligeti, G. 1908. Braconiden aus der Sammlung History 1: 209-305. des Ungarischen National-Museums. II. Theil. Schmiedeknecht, O. 1907. Die Hymenopteren Mitteleu- Annates Musei Nationalis Hungarici 6: 397—127. ropas. Fischer, Jena. 804 pp. Telenga, N. A. 1952. Origin and evolution of parasit- Schulz, W. A. 1911. Zweihundert alte Hymenopteren. ism in Hymenoptera Parasitica and development Zoologische Annalen 4: 1-220. of their fauna in the USSR. Academy of Sciences of tribal the Sharkey, M. J. 1992. Cladistics and classification Ukrainian SSR. 112 pp. [In Russian, English of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). translation published in 1969] journal of Natural History 26: 425^148. Telenga, N. A. 1955. Braconidae, subfamily Micro- Fauna Sharkey, M. J. 1993. Family Braconidae, pp. 362-395. gastrinae, subfamily Agathinae. USSR. Hy- In: T. 1-311. trans- Goulet, H. and J. Huber (editors). Hyme- menoptera 5(4): [In Russian, English noptera of the World: An identification guide to fam- lation published in 1964] ilies. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Pub- Tobias, V. I. 1957. On morphology, taxonomy and

• lication 1894/E, Ottawa. 668 pp. phytogeny of the supertribus Braconina Tel. (1 1\ Sharma, V. 1984. A new subfamily Excultinae with menoptera, Braconidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal description of type genus; from Jammu (India) 36: 1338-1354. [In Russian] (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Reichenbachia 22: 75- Tobias, V. I. 1962. A new subfamily ol Braconidae 77. from Middle Asia. Transactions of the Zoological Shaw, S. R. 1985. A phylogenetic study of the subfam- Institute Academy of Sciences, USSR 30: 268-270. ilies Meteorinae and Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: [In Russian] Braconidae. Entomography 3: 277-370. Tobias, V. I. 1967. A review of the classification phy- Shaw, M. R. and T. Huddleston. 1991. Classification togeny and evolution of the family Braconidae and biology of braconid wasps. Handbooks for the (Hymenoptera). Entomologicheskoye Obozrenie 46: Identification of British Insects 7(11): 1-126. M5-669. [In Russian]

Shenefelt, R. D. 1965. A contribution towards knowl- Tobias. V. I. 1968. Problems ot the classification and 268 Journal of Hymenoptera Research

Nouveaux memoires de Vacademic phylogeny of the family Braconidae (Hymenop- Belgique. royale des sciences et belles-lettres de Bruxelles 9: 1-252. tera). Entomological Society, USSR Academy of Sci- A. R. A. 1978. Exodontiellini, a new tribe of ences Special Issue Dedicated to the Memory ofN. Wharton, with exodont mandibles Kholodkovski: 3-43. [In Russian] Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Pan-Pacific 53: 297-303. Tobias, V. I. 1976a. Gnaptogaster mongolica gen. and Braconidae). Entomologist [Volume dated October, 1977, but issued 14 Feb- sp. n. from a new tribe of braconids (Hymenop- tera, Braconidae, Opiinae) and some problems of ruary 1978.] Wharton, R. A. 1993. Review of the Hormiini (Hy- the phylogeny and evolution of this family. In- menoptera: Braconidae) with a description of sects of Mongolia 4: 315-321. [In Russian] new taxa. Journal of Natural History 27: 107-171. Tobias, V. I. 1976b. Braconidae of the Caucasus (Hy- Wharton, R. A., P. M. Marsh and M. j/sharkey. 1997. menoptera, Braconidae). Akademia Nauk, Len- Identification manual to the New World Genera ingrad. 110: 1-286. [In Russian] of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Inter- Tobias, V. I. 1979. Two new and little-known subfam- national Society of Hymenopterists Special Pub- ilies of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Austra- lication No. 1. 439 pp. lia. Obozrenie 58: 128-142. [In Entomologicheskoye B. Wharton, R. A., S. R. Shaw, M. J. Sharkey, D. Wahl, Russian] B. B. P. J. Woolley, J. Whitfield, M. Marsh and Tobias, V. I. 1986. Keys to the insects of the European W. Johnson. 1991. Phylogeny of the subfamilies part of the USSR. HI. Hymenoptera, 4: 1-501. of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneu- Akademia Nauk, Leningrad. [In Russian, English monoidea): A reassessment. Cladistics 8: 199-235. translation in published 1995] B. en- Whitfield, J. 1992. The polyphyletic origin of Tobias, V. I. 1987. New taxa of braconids (Hymenop- doparasitism in the cyclostome lineages of Bra- tera, Braconidae) from Baltic amber. Entomologi- conidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology Obozrenie 66: 845-859. cheskoye [In Russian] 17: 273-286. Tobias, V. 1.1988. A new of braconids (Hy- subfamily Whitfield, J. B. and W. R. M. Mason 1994. Mendesel- from Australia. Entomo- menoptera, Braconidae) linae, a new subfamily of braconid wasps (Hy- Obozrenie 67: 644-648. logicheskoye [In Russian] menoptera, Braconidae) with a review of rela- V. I. 1990. In: and V.I. Tobias. Tobias, Quicke, D.L.J, tionships within the microgastroid assemblage. of braconid of the New genera wasps subfamily Systematic Entomology 19: 61-76. Braconinae from Aus- B. P. 1997. Cardi- (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Whitfield, J. and D. Dangerfield. 164-180. tralia. Entomologischeskoye Obozrenie 69: ochilinae, pp. 177-183. In: Wharton, R. A., P. M. H. L. 1910. Identification Viereck, Braconidae, pp. 605-615, Alysi- Marsh and M. J. Sharkey (editors). dae, pp. 615-616, Capitoniidae, p. 616. In: Smith, manual to the New World Genera of the family State International J. Annual Report of the Neiv Jersey Museum Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Society Including a Report of the Insects of New Jersey, 1909. of Hymenopterists Special Publication No. 1. MacCrellish and Quigley, Trenton. Zettel, H. 1990. Eine revision der Gattungen der Che- loninae mit Beschrei- Viereck, H. L. 1914. Type species of the genera of (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) neuer und Arten. Annalen des ichneumon flies. Bulletin of the United States Na- bungen Gattungen Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 91: 147-196 tional Museum 83: 1-186. [Date of publication Jan- uary 13, 1914.] Viereck, H. L. 1918. A list of families and subfamilies APPENDIX 1 of ichneumon-flies or the Superfamily Ichneu- The following is an alphabetical list of family- monoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Bio- group names in the Braconidae, with indication of logical Society of Washington 31: 69-74. their subfamily placement. Though classifications Viereck, H. L. 1919a. Additions and corrections to "a vary from author to author, and are presently contro- list of families and subfamilies of ichneumon- versial, the subfamily arrangement used here is based flies or the Super Family Ichneumonoidea (Hy- largely on Quicke and van Achterberg (1990) and van menoptera)." Proceedings of the Biological Society Achterberg (1993, 1995). Tribes and subtribes largely of Washington 32: 48. follow Mackauer (1968), Mason (1981), van Achter- Viereck, H. L. 1919b. Additions to "a list of families berg (1987, 1988, 1991b, 1992, 1994, 1995), Shaw and subfamilies of ichneumon-flies or the Super- (1985), Quicke (1987), Zettel (1990), Belokobylskij Ichneumonoidea Pro family (Hymenoptera)." (1992), Sharkey (1992), and van Achterberg and Aus- the 32: ceedings of Biological Society of Washington tin (1992). 198. Acampsini van Achterberg and Austin, 1992 (Sigal- H. L. 1921. First to Viereck, supplement "type species phinae) of the genera of ichneumon-flies." Proceedings of Acampsohelconini Tobias, 1987 (Cenocoeliinae) the United States National Museum 59: 129-150. Acanthobraconini Fahringer, 1928 (Braconinae) Wesmael, C. 1835. Monographie des Braconides de Acanthodoryctina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Volume 9, Number 2, 2000 269

Acanthohormiini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Lysiterminae) Coeloidini Tobias, 1957 (Braconinae) Aclitina Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Coleopiina Fischer, 1970 (Opiinae) Acrisidini Hellen, 1957 (Rhyssalinae) Cosmophorini Capek, 1958 (Euphorinae) Adeliinae Viereck, 1918 (Adeliinae) Cotesiini Mason, 1981 (Microgastrinae) Ademonini Fischer, 1970 (Opiinae) Cremnoptini Sharkey, 1992 (Agathidinae) Adeshini van Achterberg, 1983 (Braconinae) Cryptoxilonini Tobias, 1986 (Euphorinae) Afrocampsini van Achterberg and Austin, 1992 (Si- Dacnusini Foerster, 1862 (Alysiinae) galphinae) Dendrosotina Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Agathidinae (-ini) Haliday, 1833 (Agathidinae) Desmiostomatini Fischer, 1972 (Opiinae) Aleiodini Muesebeck, 1928 (Rogadinae) Dimerina Belokobylskij, 1993 (Pambolinae) Alloeini Ashmead, 1900 (Alysiinae) Dinocampini Shaw, 1985 (Euphorinae) Alysiinae (-ini) Leach, 1815 (Alysiinae) Diospilitinae Tobias, 1987 (Aphidiinae) Amicrocentrinae van Achterberg, 1979 (Amicrocen- Diospilini Foerster, 1862 (Helconinae) trinae) Dirrhopinae van Achterberg, 1984 (Dirrhopinae) Aneurobraconini Fahringer, 1936 (Agathidinae) Disophrini Sharkey, 1992 (Agathidinae) Antestrigini van Achterberg, 1987 (Orgilinae) Doryctinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Doryctinae) Apantelini Viereck, 1918 (Microgastrinae) Doryctomorphina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Rhyssalinae) Aphidiinae (-ini) Haliday, 1833 (Aphidiinae) Dyscoletini van Achterberg, 1988 (Blacinae) Aphrastobraconini Ashmead, 1900 (Braconinae) Earinini Sharkey, 1992 (Agathidinae) Apozyginae Mason, 1978 (Apozyginae) Ecnomiinae van Achterberg, 1985 (Ecnomiinae) Archaphidina Mackauer, 1968 (Aphidiinae) Ecphylini Hellen, 1957 (Doryctinae) Argamaniini van Achterberg, 1991 (Braconinae) Elasmosomini Viereck, 1918 (Neoneurinae) Aspidobraconina van Achterberg, 1984 (Braconinae) Embobraconina van Achterberg, 1995 (Doryctinae) Atanycolina Fahringer, 1928 (Braconinae) Ephedrini Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Austrohormiini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Hormiinae) Euphorinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Euphorinae) Avgini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Hormiinae) Euurobraconini Ashmead, 1900 (Braconinae) Baeocentrini Fahringer, 1928 (Opiinae) Evaniodini Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Bassinae Nees, 1812 (invalid) Excultinae Sharma, 1984 (Chrysididae) Bassinae Viereck, 1918 (Agathidinae) Exodontiellini Wharton, 1978 (Opiinae) Bathvaulacini Quicke, 1987 (Braconinae) Exothecinae Foerster, 1862 (Exothecinae) Betylobraconinae (-ini) Tobias, 1979 (Betylobraconi- Facitorini van Achterberg, 1995 (Betylobraconinae) nae) Forniciini Mason, 1981 (Microgastrinae) Binareini Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Gastrothecini Fahringer, 1928 (invalid) Biosterini Fischer, 1970 (Opiinae) Glyptomorphina Tobias, 1957 (Braconinae) Bitomina Fischer, 1981 (Opiinae) Gnamptodontinae Fischer, 1970 (Gnamptodontinae) Blacinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Blacinae) Gnaptogastrini Tobias, 1976 (Gnamptodontinae) Blacozonini van Achterberg, 1988 (Blacinae) Gnathobraconini Szepligeti, 1904 (Braconinae) Brachistini Foerster, 1862 (Helconinae) Gynocryptina Quilis Perez, 1931 (Aphidiinae) Braconidae (-inae) Nees, 1812 Habrobraconini Fahringer, 1928 (Braconinae) Brulleiini van Achterberg, 1983 (Helconinae) Hecabolini Foerster, 1862 (Doryctinae) Caenophanina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Helconinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Helconinae) Calyptini Marshall, 1872 (Helconinae) Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907 (Euphorinae) Canberriini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Hormiinae) Heterospilini Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Capitoniini Viereck, 1910 (Cenocoeliinae) Histeromerinae Fahringer, 1930 (Histeromerinae) Cardiochilinae Ashmead, 1900 (1887) (Cardiochilinae) Holcobraconini Cameron, 1905 (Doryctinae) Cedriina Belokobylskij, 1993 (Pambolinae) Homolobinae (-ini) van Achterberg, 1979 (Homolo- Cenocoeliinae (-ini) Szepligeti, 1901 (Cenocoeliinae) binae) Centistini Capek, 1970 (Euphorinae) Hormiinae (-ini) 1-oer^ter, 18h2 (Hormiinae) Cercobarconini Tobias, 1979 (Trachypetinae) Hydrangeocolini Whitfield, 1442 (Hormiinae) Chalaropini van Achterberg, 1988 (Blacinae) Ichneutinae (-ini) Foerster, lSh2 (Ichneutinae) Charmontinae van Achterberg, 1979 (Charmontinae) Incubinae Brues and Melander, 1932 (Aphidiinae) Cheloninae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Cheloninae) Iphiaulacini Fahringer, 1928 (Braconinae) Chelonohelconini Tobias, 1987 (Helconinae) Isomecina Tobias, 1990 (Braconinae) Chiviniini Shestakov, 1932 (Braconinae) Iseurini Hedqvist, 1959 (Cenocoeliinae) Chremylini Hellen, 1957 (Pambolinae) [vondroviina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Chremylomorphina Belokobylskij, 1993 (Pambolinae) Khoikhoiinae Mason, 1983 (Khoikhoiinae) Clinocentrini van Achterberg, 1991 (Rogadinae) Labaniini Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Coeliniina Viereck, 1919 (Alysiinae) Leiophronini Foerster, 1862 (Euphorinae) 270 Journal of Hymenoptera Research

Leptorhaconotini Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Praini Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Leuriniini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Hormiinae) Praonopterinae Tobias, 1988 (Mesostoinae) 1990 Lissogastrini Oltra and Michelena, 1988 (Microgastrinae) Pronkiini van Achterberg, (Meteorideinae) Loxocephalini Shaw, 1985 (invalid) Prosyntretina Tobias, 1987 (Euphorinae) Lysiphlebina Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Protaphidiina Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) 1976 Lysiterminae (-ini) Tobias, 1968 (Lysiterminae) Proteropini van Achterberg, (Ichneutinae) Macrocentrinae Foerster, 1862 (Macrocentrinae) Pselaphaninae van Achterberg, 1985 (Pselaphaninae) Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995 (Masoninae) Psenobolina Enderlein, 1912 (Doryctinae) Masoninae (-ini) van Achterberg, 1995 (Masoninae) Pseudodicrogeniini Fahringer, 1936 (Braconinae) Maxfischeriini Papp, 1994 (Helconinae) Pseudohelconina van Achterberg, 1990 (Helconinae) Mendesellinae Whitfield and Mason, 1994 (Mende- Pseudophanerotomina Zettel, 1990 (Cheloninae) sellinae) Pseudospathiini Enderlein, 1912 (Doryctinae) Mesocoelini Viereck, 1918 (Agathidinae) Pseudostephaniscini Fahringer, 1928 (Doryctinae) Mesostoinae van Achterberg, 1975 (Mesostoinae) Ptesimogastrina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Meteorideinae (-ini) Capek, 1965 (Meteorideinae) Rhaconotina Fahringer, 1928 (Doryctinae) Meteorini Cresson, 1887 (Euphorinae) Rhamnurini Fahringer, 1929 (Braconinae) Microbraconini Bridwell, 1920 (Braconinae) Rhysipolinae Belokobylskij, 1984 (Rhysipolinae) Microctonini Shaw, 1985 (Euphorinae) Rhyssalinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Rhyssalinae) Microdini Foerster, 1862 (Agathidinae) Rogadinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Rogadinae) Microgastrinae (-ini) Foerster, 1862 (Microgastrinae) Semionini Tobias, 1987 (Microgastrinae) Microplitini Mason, 1981 (Microgastrinae) Sericobraconini Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Microtypinae Szepligeti, 1908 (Microtypinae) Sigalphinae (-ini) Haliday, 1833 (Sigalphinae) Mimagathidini Enderlein, 1905 (Orgilinae) Siragrini Belokobylskij, 1994 (Doryctinae) Minangini De Saeger, 1948 (Sigalphinae) Sisupalina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Miracinae Viereck, 1918 (Miracinae) Spathiini Foerster, 1862 (Doryctinae) Monitoriellini Belokobylskij, 1992 (Rhyssalinae) Spathioplitina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Monoctonina Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Spathiostenina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Mononeurina Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Stantonini Viereck, 1919 (Orgilinae) Muesebeckiini Mason, 1969 (Ichneutinae) Stegnocellini van Achterberg, 1988 (Blacinae) Myiocephalini Chen and van Achterberg, 1997 (Eu- Stenocorsina Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) phorinae) Stephaniscini Enderlein, 1912 (invalid) Neobraconinae Hellen, 1957 (nomen nudum) Stiropiini van Achterberg, 1993 (Rogadinae) Neoclinocentrina Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Syngastrini van Achterberg, 1993 (nomen nudum) Neoneurinae (-ini) Bengtsson, 1918 (Neoneurinae) Syntretini Shaw, 1985 (Euphorinae) Odontobraconina Granger, 1949 (Doryctinae) Telengaiinae Tobias, 1962 (Telengaiinae) Odontosphaeropygini Zettel, 1990 (Cheloninae) Tetratermini van Achterberg, 1996 (Lysiterminae) Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987 (Euphorinae) Townesilitina Shaw, 1985 (Euphorinae) Oncophanina Belokobylskij, 1993 (Rhyssalinae) Toxoneurinae Cresson, 1887 (invalid) Opiinae (-ini) Blanchard, 1845 (Opiinae) Trachypetinae (-ini) Schulz, 1911 (Trachypetinae) Orgilinae (-ini) Ashmead, 1900 (Orgilinae) Triaspina Viereck, 1918 (Helconinae) Pambolideina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Trigonophasmina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Pambolinae (-ini) Marshall, 1885 (Pambolinae) Trioxina Ashmead, 1900 (Aphidiinae) Parahormiini Belokobylskij, 1993 (Hormiinae) Triterminae Belokobylskij, 1993 (Lysiterminae) Paralipsina Mackauer, 1961 (Aphidiinae) Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994 (Cenocoeliinae) Pedinotina Fischer, 1981 (Doryctinae) Vaepellinae Quicke, 1987 (Vaepellinae) Pelecystomini Viereck, 1918 (Rogadinae) Vervoorrihelconina van Achterberg, 1998 (Helconinae) Pentatermini Belokobylskij, 1990 (Lysiterminae) Victoroviellina Tobias, 1986 (Braconinae) Percnobraconini Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Vipiina Gahan, 1917 (Braconinae) Percnobraconoidina Belokobylskij, 1992 (Doryctinae) Westwoodiellini van Achterberg, 1992 (Homolobinae) Perilitini Foerster, 1862 (Euphorinae) Xiphozelinae van Achterberg, 1979 (Xiphozelinae) Phanerotomellina Zettel, 1990 (Cheloninae) Xyeloblacini van Achterberg and Altenhofer, 1997 Phanerotomini Baker, 1926 (Cheloninae) (Blacinae) Phanomerini Fahringer, 1928 (Exothecinae) Yeliconini van Achterberg, 1991 (Rogadinae) Physaraiini van Achterberg, 1984 (Braconinae) Ypsistocerini Cushman, 1923 (Doryctinae) Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995 (Betylobraconinae) Zelini Ashmead, 1900 (Euphorinae) Pokomandyina Fischer, 1970 (Opiinae) Zemiotini \,m Achterberg, 1976 (Euphorinae)