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World Christianity THE WILEY BLACKWELL COMPANION TO WORLD CHRISTIANITY EDITED BY Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity The Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion The Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion series presents a collection of the most recent scholar- ship and knowledge about world religions. Each volume draws together newly-commissioned essays by distinguished authors in the fi eld, and is presented in a style which is accessible to undergraduate students, as well as scholars and the interested general reader. These volumes approach the subject in a creative and forward-thinking style, providing a forum in which leading scholars in the fi eld can make their views and research available to a wider audience. Recently Published The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism Edited by James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, and Trent Pomplun The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity Edited by Ken Parry The Blackwell Companion to the Theologians Edited by Ian S. Markham The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature Edited by Rebecca Lemon, Emma Mason, John Roberts, and Christopher Rowland The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament Edited by David E. Aune The Blackwell Companion to Nineteenth Century Theology Edited by David Fergusson The Blackwell Companion to Religion in America Edited by Philip Goff The Blackwell Companion to Jesus Edited by Delbert Burkett The Blackwell Companion to Paul Edited by Stephen Westerholm The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence Edited by Andrew R. Murphy The Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics, Second Edition Edited by Stanley Hauerwas and Samuel Wells The Wiley Blackwell Companion Practical Theology Edited by Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Social Justice Edited by Michael D. Palmer and Stanley M. Burgess The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions Edited by Randall L. Nadeau The Wiley Blackwell Companion to African Religions Edited by Elias Kifon Bongmba The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism Edited by Julia A. Lamm The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion Edited by Ian S. Markham, J. Barney Hawkins IV, Justyn Terry, and Leslie Nuñez Steffensen The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Interreligious Dialogue Edited by Catherine Cornille The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism Edited by Mario Poceski The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Latino/a Theology Edited by Orlando O. Espín The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Ancient Israel Edited by Susan Niditch The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity Edited by Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity Edited by Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond This edition fi rst published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. The right of Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Sanneh, Lamin O., editor. Title: The Wiley Blackwell companion to world Christianity / edited by Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond. Description: Hoboken : Wiley, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: LCCN 2015038421 (print) | LCCN 2015039976 (ebook) | ISBN 9781405153768 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118554395 (ePub) | ISBN 9781118556047 (Adobe PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Christianity. | Church history. Classifi cation: LCC BR145.3 .W54 2016 (print) | LCC BR145.3 (ebook) | DDC 270—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038421 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Nativity scene from Ethiopic Bible, Gondar, late 17th century. © The British Library Board, Or. 481 Set in 10/12.5 Photina MT Std by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2016 Contents Notes on Contributors ix Abbreviations xxi 1 Introduction 1 Lamin Sanneh and Michael J. McClymond I. Historical Section 19 A. The Roots (50–1750 CE) 2 Jewish and Hellenic Worlds and Christian Origins 21 John J. Collins 3 The “Triumph” of Hellenization in Early Christianity 32 Wendy Elgersma Helleman 4 Ancient Eastern Christianity: Syria, Persia, Central Asia, and India 43 Scott W. Sunquist 5 Christianity and the European Conversions 54 Tomás O’Sullivan 6 Byzantium and Islam in the Mediterranean World 67 James C. Skedros 7 The Medieval Synthesis: Religion, Society, and Culture 78 Joseph P. Huffmann 8 Early Modern Missions and Maritime Expansion 96 Felipe Fernandez-Armesto 9 Bibles, Printing, Books, Churches 107 Lori Ferrell vi CONTENTS 10 The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation 119 Jeffrey Klaiber B. Issues in the Modern Period (1750–2000 CE) 129 11 The Legacy of Christendom 131 Philip Jenkins 12 Slavery, Antislavery, and Christianity: Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean 142 Christopher Schmidt-Nowara 13 Medicine, Agriculture, and Technology in the Missionary Enterprise 153 Christopher H. Grundmann 14 Schools and Education in the Missionary Enterprise 166 Norman Etherington 15 Conversion, Converts, and National Identity 176 J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu 16 Church and State Relations in the Colonial Period 190 Brian Stanley 17 Ideologies, the Quest for a Just Society, and Christian Responses 200 Govert Buijs 18 The Ecumenical Movement: Why Violence, Why Not Peace? 218 Jan van Butselaar 19 Vatican II: Renewal, Accommodation, Inculturation 231 Peter C. Phan 20 Christian Revival and Renewal Movements 244 Michael J. McClymond II. Thematic Section 263 21 Bible Translation, Culture, and Religion 265 Lamin Sanneh 22 Christianity and Interreligious Encounters 282 Martin Ganeri 23 Women in Church, State, and Society 302 Angelyn Dries 24 Worship, Liturgy, Sacraments 318 Geoffrey Wainwright 25 Freedom, Persecution, and the Status of Christian Minorities 330 John Witte, Jr. and M. Christian Green CONTENTS vii 26 Christianity and “Western Classical” Music (1700–2000) 350 David Martin 27 Music in the Newer Churches 359 Brian Schrag 28 Visual Arts in World Christianity 368 Volker Küster 29 Church Architecture Worldwide since 1800 386 David R. Bains 30 Charismatic Gifts: Healing, Tongue-Speaking, Prophecy, and Exorcism 399 Michael J. McClymond 31 Changing Uses of Old and New Media in World Christianity 419 Jolyon Mitchell and Jeremy Kidwell 32 Global Evangelical and Pentecostal Politics 432 Paul Freston III. Christianity Since 1800: An Analysis by Regions and Traditions 449 33 The Middle East and North Africa, I: Egypt and North Africa 451 George Berbary 34 The Middle East and North Africa, II: Christians in the Ottoman Empire and in Bilad al-Sham 458 Souad Slim 35 African Christianity: Historical and Thematic Horizons 468 Lamin Sanneh 36 Christianity in Western Europe 488 Simon Coleman 37 Russia and Eastern Europe 500 Scott M. Kenworthy 38 Latin America and the Caribbean 511 Stephen Dove 39 North America 523 Amanda Porterfield 40 South Asia 535 Chandra Mallampalli 41 China 546 Daniel H. Bays 42 Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia 561 J. Nelson Jennings, Yong Kyu Park, and Antolin V. Uy viii CONTENTS 43 Christianity in Australia and Oceania (ca. 1800–2000) 575 Stuart Piggin and Peter Lineham 44 The Historical Development of Christianity in Oceania 588 Manfred Ernst and Anna Anisi 45 Roman Catholicism since 1800 605 Thomas P. Rausch 46 Orthodoxy and Eastern Christianity 617 John A. McGuckin 47 Anglicanism 628 Kevin Ward 48 Protestantism 641 Alister McGrath 49 Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity 653 Allan H. Anderson
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