On Being an Apostolic Church Endorsed by the ASC in July, 2010
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On Being an Apostolic Church Endorsed by the ASC in July, 2010 1. The Basis of Union affirms, “The Uniting Church in Australia lives and works within the faith and unity of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church” (BU par 2). It seeks to be an apostolic church by being true to the apostolic tradition and in relationship with other churches that are also seeking to do so. When the Uniting Church makes public statements it does so as a church that is endeavouring to be faithful to the way of Jesus Christ its Lord and Christian tradition in the context of contemporary Australia. Belief, behaviour, relationships with other churches 2. Being an apostolic church involves beliefs, behaviour and connections with other parts of the Church. Right belief is important as it bears on the faithful way of discipleship and ecumenical relationships. Within the broad framework of orthodox conviction, the Uniting Church embraces diversity of theological expression. Elsewhere the Doctrine working group has pointed out that there are three kinds of theological statements with differing authority: dogma, doctrine and theological reflection.1 Some doctrinal beliefs are foundational and while they can be explored are not to be rejected. Other aspects of theology can tolerate very different positions or be issues that are still in the process of theological reflection and discussion. 3. There are nevertheless limits to diversity of belief within the Uniting Church once people make the basic confession “Jesus is Lord”, a confession that is guided by the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:3). Christian faith holds that we know God through Jesus Christ and in the Spirit. We affirm that God is triune: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. People are baptised into the Christian faith and the one holy catholic and apostolic church using the standard Trinitarian formula. The ethos of the Uniting Church is to be inclusive of various Christian theological positions, accepting that there will not necessarily be agreement on contentious issues, while holding to Trinitarian faithfulness. The Doctrine working group has provided guidance in relation to how to deal with such issues.2 4. Liberation theologians in particular have pointed out that orthopraxis, right practice, is required. While the church is inevitably sinful for it is made up of sinful people in a sinful world, nevertheless the church is called to practice the way of Jesus. Assisted by the Holy Spirit, it is to endeavour to live by the way of love, justice and peace that Jesus exemplified and which characterise the reign of God Jesus proclaimed. 5. The Uniting Church is conscious that in being called to be an apostolic church it does so in relationship with other parts of the Church. It takes seriously its ecumenical relationships and partnerships knowing that the one holy catholic and apostolic church is greater than any particular church. It holds that the Uniting Church can both benefit from and contribute to the universal church as it gives contemporary expression to the apostolic tradition. Founded on the apostles 6. Jürgen Moltmann makes the following point about being apostolic. The historical church must be called ‘apostolic’ in a double sense: its gospel and its doctrine are founded on the testimony of the first apostles, the eyewitnesses of the risen Christ, and it exists in the carrying out of the apostolic proclamation, the missionary charge. The expression ‘apostolic’ therefore denotes both the church’s foundation and its commission.3 7. As an apostolic church the Uniting Church acknowledges the foundational witness to Jesus Christ of the original apostles. They were the ones who experienced Jesus’ life and ministry first hand, who were devastated by the crucifixion, and witnessed him as risen. This was the criteria for selecting Matthias to replace Judas as one of the twelve (Acts 1: 21-22). Paul acknowledged his special place as an apostle. In writing to the church at Corinth he said that he handed on what he in turn had received concluding with these statements. “Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me. For I am the least of the apostles, unfit to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me has not been in vain” (1 Corinthians 15: 8-10). 8. The Uniting Church holds the books of the Old and New Testaments “as unique prophetic and apostolic testimony, in which it hears the Word of God and by which its faith and obedience are nourished and regulated” (BU par 5). It says that when it preaches Jesus Christ, “its message is controlled by the Biblical witnesses” (BU par 5). The Uniting Church therefore as apostolic is not free to depart from the biblical witnesses to Jesus. They are the controlling basis for the church’s life and message. 9. Interpretation is required for different times and places but fidelity to the apostolic testimony is essential. With Moltmann we can point out that the church is to be faithful to the apostolic witness and needs to be in continuity with the original eyewitness of the risen Christ. This challenges the current liberal progressive Christian movement which has representatives who are weak on the resurrection, on the Trinity, and on appreciating the trustworthiness of the apostolic witnesses. In their desire to be modern or post modern they are in danger of undermining basic elements of the apostolic faith. The missionary charge 10. As Moltmann states, being apostolic is more than being true to the original apostolic witnesses. It also involves the missionary charge to continue to witness to Jesus Christ by word and deed. The very word apostle implies ‘being sent’. It suggests being a commissioned messenger or ambassador of Christ. Paul captures this meaning in introducing himself to the church at Rome, “Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God” (Romans 1:1). Those who were apostles did not choose to be so, rather Jesus called and they responded. They were set apart for the gospel to serve Jesus Christ their Lord and were enabled to do so by the Holy Spirit. 11. As apostolic the Uniting Church does not exist for its own sake. It did not come into being as a purely human decision. The Basis of Union speaks of doing so “seeking to bear witness to that unity which is both Christ’s gift and will for the Church”, praying that it may be “to the glory of God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit” and declaring readiness to go “forward together in sole loyalty to Christ the living Head of the Church” (BU par1). It also says that it commits its members “to hear anew the commission of the Risen Lord to make disciples of all nations, and daily to seek to obey his will” (BU par 1). Geoffrey Wainwright says, “The apostolicity of the Church 4 is ultimately grounded in God’s mission to the world.” 12. The Uniting Church affirms that “the faith and unity of the Holy Catholic and Apostolic church are built upon the one Lord Jesus Christ” (BU par 3). The church is to proclaim the risen crucified Christ and confess him as Lord. The Basis of Union says that God in Christ has given the Holy Spirit to all people in the church as a pledge and foretaste of “that coming reconciliation and renewal which is the end in view for the whole creation” (BU par 3). The church’s call is to serve that end. In its own life it is to be “a fellowship of reconciliation” in which the diverse gifts of its members are used to build up the whole, and it is to be “an instrument through which Christ may work and bear witness to himself” (BU par3). 13. So the church also needs to be apostolic in the sense of being a ‘sent’ church called to proclaim and live by Jesus’ message of the reign of God, God’s rule of love, justice, peace and reconciliation. It needs to be outward looking and not just inward looking. It is called to serve the mission of God. The conservatives in the church sometimes can be so concerned about upholding the tradition that they become focused on preserving the recent past rather than giving expression to the apostolic tradition. Energy is expended on this to the detriment of serving God’s mission and apostolic commission. Marks of the church 14. In speaking of the church being apostolic, it is important to see this as one of the primary marks of the church used in the Nicene Creed. So we need to see the four marks in relation to each other. The church is “one, holy, catholic and apostolic.” Karl Barth makes the point that the fourth mark, the apostolic mark, “does not simply stand in a row with the other three expressions, but explains them.”5 Being based on the apostolic witness is what distinguishes the church from all other societies of a natural or historical kind. 15. In Missional Church edited by Darrell Guder, it is argued that the marks of the church are better put in the reverse order: apostolic – the church as proclaiming community, catholic – the church as the reconciling and reconciled community, holy – the church as the sanctifying community, and unity – the church as the unifying community.6 16. In relation to the classic marks of the church it is helpful to follow the reverse order proposed in Missional Church.