2017 3rd International Conference on Social Science and Management (ICSSM 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-445-5
Cluster Analysis of Urbanization Development in Yunnan Province Li LI1,a,*, Lei XIAO2,b, Xin SONG3,c and Lin-guo LV4,d 1,3,4Pan-Asia Business School, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2School of MARXISM Studies, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author
Keywords: Yunnan Province, Urbanization, Cluster Analysis.
Abstract. After the development of western in China, the economic level of Yunnan province has been improved, but the level of urbanization is relatively low. In this paper, the urbanization level of each state in Yunnan is analyzed by R software. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the process of urbanization in Yunnan, and the urban radiation ability and driving ability are weak in the middle of Yunnan. The urbanization process has similarity in the regional conditions, traffic environment and industrial structure. Therefore, Yunnan should try to build and open up convenient transportation environment of remote areas, and actively support small and medium enterprises to encourage regional economic diversification.
Introduction Urbanization refers to the rural-based society of agricultural production gradually to the secondary industry, the tertiary industry, high-tech industry, and information industry-based urbanization process of social change. The concrete manifestations are: the rural population changes gradually for the urban population, the industrial structure promotion and the production way transformation. China’s first urbanization conference was held in Beijing in December 12, 2013, the conference proposed urbanization is the only way of modernization. Promoting urbanization on the overall building a moderately prosperous society, has important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance to accelerate the modernization of modernism. Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy, culture, science and technology, economy and other aspects are rapidly developing, and comprehensive national strength is rising; but the level of urbanization in China is still lagging behind the level of industrialization and non-agricultural. Many scholars have chosen different indicators to measure the process of urbanization according to the level of economic development, geographical conditions and industrial structure of the studied area. Based on VAR model, Xia Chunping analyzed the relationship between agricultural modernization and urbanization and industrialization, and analyzed the relationship between agricultural modernization and urbanization and industrialization, who carried out the cointegration analysis, impulse response, variance decomposition and so on based on the data from 1978 to 2009 [1]. The results show that there exists a long-term equilibrium relationship among the three aspects of agricultural modernization, urbanization and industrialization. Wang Yongjie used the method of variance decomposition to study the relationship between urbanization level and farmers’ income [2]. According to the data of economic development in Henan province in recent 10 years, Song Jianmin used SPSS software to analyze the relationship between the level of urbanization and the mileage of highway transportation in Henan Province [3]. Ma Li Measured the urbanization of the counties in Harbin by using the population proportion method, and then measured the urbanization level of the three counties of Harbin by using the comprehensive index method [4]. Gao Shuqiong compared the level of urbanization rate in Qujing city with the western region, the country, the province's urbanization level, found that Qujing industrialization level and comprehensive economic strength is higher, but the level of urbanization was low [5].
436 Based on the regression analysis of population, industry, and land use structure, Cao Guangzhong found that the overall level of improvement might not be able to promote the coordination between sub-processes [6]. Wu Youde selected 8 cities and counties in Yunnan as the research object [7]. According to resident population, urban population and urbanization level, this paper compares the urbanization level in 2006-2008 and puts forward some measures to improve the urbanization level of Yunnan province. Shui Wei pointed out that the urbanization of rural areas, which was mainly represented by M. Pacioner and other American scholars, spread from population to rural areas [8]. Maier Lan from the acceleration of urbanization factors to study the factors - cars, highways, railway development speed. Ksenija Petovar selected urban railways, roads, networks and public infrastructure, public services, green space and other indicators reflecting the level of quality of life of residents to measure the level of urbanization in Serbia [9]. Based on the data of “Statistical Yearbook of Yunnan Province”, this paper chooses the economic indicators related to the process of urbanization, and uses R software to make cluster analysis of the urbanization process of the cities in Yunnan. Then the suggestions are given according to the cluster analysis.
1. Cluster Analysis Theory 2.1 Concept of cluster analysis Cluster analysis is based on the similarity or dissimilarity between the data of the object being studied. The data of similarity or dissimilarity are regarded as a measure of the distance between the objects. The systematic clustering method is one of the most used clustering methods. The basic idea of systematic clustering method is to use each sample as a class and define the distance between the samples and the distance between the classes. The nearest two classes are merged into a new class. Then we calculate the distance between the new class and the other classes and repeat the merging of the two nearest classes, one at a time, until all the samples are merged into one class. i sample and the j sample is denoted by d ; G In this paper, the distance between the ij i (i = 3,2,1 ) stands for i class; DKL represents the distance between DK class and DL class;
X K , X L , X M respectively represents the center of gravity of class GK , class GL , class GM ; nK and nL respectively denote the number of samples of classes GK and GL . At the beginning of clustering, each sample is self-contained, so the distance between class and class is the same, that = dD = dD is KL KL , and the initial distance matrix is all the same, that is ()0 ij . 2.2 Methods We choose the longest distance method to define the distance between samples in cluster analysis. The longest distance method refers to the distance between the sample and the sample as the distance between the class and class. Using the formula:
DKL = max{ ij K ∈∈ GjGid L }, (1)
After a certain step, after the GK class and the GL class are merged into the new GM class, according to the longest distance method to calculate the distance between the new GM class and the GJ class of other classes, the recurrence formula is:
DMJ = DD LJKJ },max{ (2)
2. Results Analysis 2.1 Selection of indicators In this paper, the number of towns, the gross output value of secondary industry, the gross output
437 value of tertiary industry, the number of industrial enterprises above designated size, the mileage of expressway, the total income of tourism, the number of information departments, the rate of non-agricultural population to total population, these indicators reflect urbanization level of the various cities and towns in Yunnan province. 2.2 Cluster analysis results According to the result of cluster analysis, the urbanization of Yunnan province is divided into five categories as seen in figure 1: (1) Kunming; (2) Qujing, Yuxi; (3) Zhaotong, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Honghe, Dali; (4) Dehong, Diqing, Nu River, Lincang, Pu'er, Baoshan; (5) Lijiang, Xishuang banna For the urbanization development in Yunnan province, as a whole, the urbanization development of various cities and counties is not balanced, and the process of urbanization between regions and regions is obviously different and the areas are scattered. It does not reflect the strong radiation and driving ability. The process of urbanization and the urbanization rate of Kunming are obviously higher than those of other cities and cities; and the urbanization development of Kunming has not played a role in promoting the urbanization process of the cities in central Yunnan. According to the common nature of the pedigree and classes, it is found that the development process of urbanization in Yunnan province has the following characteristics: (1) the development level of urbanization in Yunnan province shows a more concentrated trend in industrial structure. Kunming's industrial enterprises and tourism development are higher and faster than other cities. The industry development of Yuxi and Qujing is rapider than the rest of the cities. And Lijiang and Xishuang banna than the rest of the cities, the tourism industry is significantly better. (2) The development level of urbanization in Yunnan province is relatively concentrated on the geographical conditions and convenient conditions of transportation. Dehong, Diqing, Nujiang and Lincang, Pu'er, Baoshan are located in the marginal areas of Yunnan province, and traffic conditions are inconvenient; and Qujing, Yuxi and other cities near the provincial capital, their traffic conditions are more convenient.
Figure 1. Cluster analysis results 2.3 Recommendations According to the regional conditions and regional characteristics of various cities and counties in Yunnan province, in the process of advancing the urbanization of Yunnan province, we should combine the characteristics and advantages of each city from the following aspects. (1) Marginal areas should devote themselves to the development of small industrial enterprises, so as to provide jobs to the local residents and further protect the employment after rural surplus labor force has converted to urban population. (2) For areas with tourist attractions, such as Xishuang banna, Dali, Lijiang and other areas, combined with local cultural background and folk customs, cities and counties can set up tourism service industry for visitors to introduce attractions, cultural and other services. (3) On the basis of strengthening its own economic development, Kunming should actively
438 promote the development of the surrounding urban areas, so as to form a more concentrated urbanization development.
Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by 2016 year Yunnan Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (YB2016016), Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Education Department (2016ZZX080), Yunnan Normal University “Dengfeng rooted” Outstanding Scientific Innovation Group Project and Doctor Research Foundation of Yunnan Normal University.
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