Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project Gender Action Plan Completion Report (G326) (Gender and Development) December 2013

ADB Loan-2709 PRC

Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau

Gender Action Plan Completion Report

December 2013

Loan No. 2709-PRC: Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project—Gender Action Plan Completion Report (G326) (Gender and Development)

Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the Asian Development Bank

Content

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

CONCISE SUMMARY v I. Project Background ...... 1 A. Subproject Overview: ...... 1 B. Socioeconomic status of the subproject site ...... 1 II. Gender and road maintenance ...... 3 III. Gender Mainstreaming...... 5 IV. Implementing Schedule ...... 5 V. Relevant policies, laws and regulations ...... 5 VI. GAP Progress, Table 1 ...... 6 VIII. Pictures taken on-site ...... 14

The gender action plan progress report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of Asian Development Bank Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

iii

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following parties for their support and guidance on data collection and the preparation of this report:

1. We would like to thank Mr. Shen Haiping, the Deputy director general of YHAB, Mr. Zhang Shijun and Ms. Wu Likun. Yunnan Road Science Research Institute, Qujing General Section, Luliang General Section, officers and staff from G108 steering office also pay tremendous time and efforts in helping collecting data and preparing the report. The residents along the maintained road sections cooperated and supported the project as well as providing us with a great many of value suggestion. Moreover, we would thank ADB for reviewing the report.

2. Also, we need to express our gratitude to the related design institutes, supervision units, contractor and other related personnel and experts participated in feasibility study, designing and project preparation technical assistance as well as the making of maintenance schedule.

CONCISE SUMMARY

I. Overview of road maintenance conducted by YHAB The road maintenance project conducted by YHAB is 605.54 km long. There are 7 contracts contain 197.2 km road maintenance which is financed by ADB with 20 million USD together with government counterpart. The project was planned to implement from Jan, 2012 to Dec 31, 2015. II. Project progress and plan 3 Out of 7 contracts are ADB-financed, including CL18 section on G108, CL15 and CL16 sections on G326, of which the subprojects have all been finished. Total investment for G326 is 66,436,987 CNY. The subproject was started on Jay 6, 2013 and completed on late August, 2013. III. Gender action pan progress YHAB make sure that local villagers, especially women should be recruited in some non-technical job of maintenance subproject, and provide them safety condition. According to national laws and international rules, equal pay for equal work for both male and female has been implemented. Employment opportunities and economic income have been increased.

I. Project Background

A. Subproject Overview:

1. In 2012, Yunnan Highway Administrative Bureau (YHAB) planned to conduct maintenance over 605.54km highway, which would take 4 years’ time. The project was started in 2012. It was divided into 2 parts: the 1st part would be solely financed by domestic counterpart funds. The 2nd is 197.2 km road maintenance with 20 million USD loan from ADB together with government counterpart on 7 contracts. 3 out of the 7 are ADB-financed contracts (with a total length of 79.3 km), the CL18 section on G108, CL15 and CL16 sections on G326. The bid winner is Yunnan the 3rd Highway & Bridge Engineering Co., LTD. The contract was signed on Dec 26, 2012. The subproject was started on Jan 6, 2013 and completed on late August, 2013.

2. The G326 section in Yunnan Province starts from Shanmuqing on border between Xuanwei City of Yunnan and Guizhou Province and ends on Xiqiao in Luliang County, with a total length of 146.5km. It connects Guizhou in north and Kunming-Shiling expressway in south, as an important path from Yunnan to west Guizhou and the only way from inland to Hekou, the national level port from China to Vietnam. The sections are class 3 mountain highways with asphalt pavement, belonging to Qujing Highway Administrative General Section and Luliang Highway Administrative General Section as 2 separate subprojects, the CL-15 and CL-16. The first subproject starts from K1022+660 and ends on K1077+700, it is 23.4km and would be divided into three small sections for maintenance: K1022+660-K1032+300, K1051+940-K1059+000 and K1071+000-K1077+700. The second subproject starts from K1077+700 and ends on K1108+600 with a total length of 30.9km. The construction period would be 8 months with the standard of class 3 double lane highway, with driving speed of 30 km/hour and sub-grade width of 7.5 m (the K1022+660-K1032+30 on CL15 subproject would be 8.5m). The sub-grade and pavement are in the same width. With the rapid growth of traffic load, traffic load increases quickly and leads to serious damage on pavement, which severely constrained local development and daily life of the local residents: (1) the road damage causes heavy dust and affects ambient air quality; (2) the road condition reduces transport vehicles’ useful life; (3) frequent traffic congestions seriously affect the development of the local economy and people’s daily life; (4) frequent traffic accidents puts the safety of local children at great risk. Based on these problems, YHAB planned to have maintenance on G326 pavement and roadbed. The total length of the section for maintenance is 54.3KM. The subproject would be funded by ADB 20 million loans.

B. Socioeconomic status of the subproject site

3. The section for maintenance passes through Zhanyi County of Qujing City, Sanbao Town in Qiling District of Qujing and Banqiao Town and Fanghua Town of Luliang County.

4. Population:

(i). Zhanyi County has a population of 431,058, with an annual increase rate of 1.01%, among which 225,792 male and 205,266 female with110% sex ratio. Population of the ethnic groups is 25,815, taking 5.99% of the total.

(ii). The total population of Banqiao Town is 101,404, among which 1,886 are Hui people.

(iii). Fanghua Town has a population of 33,492, among which 31,003 Han, 1,893 Yi, 596 Hui; 31,892 agricultural population, 1,600 non-agricultural population. In 2010, the natural population growth rate was 4.31%.

5. Education Level:

(i). In total population of Zhanyi County, 16,484 have university degree (bachelor degree), taking 3.9% of the total; 38,549 have high school (including technical secondary school), 8.9%; 126,903 have junior high school education, 29.4%; 185,332 have primary school education, 43.0% and the illiteracy rate is 6.6%. (ii). By 2011, the Banqiao Town has 1 county-level middle high school, 2 town-level high schools and 17 primary schools. In county level high school, there are 105 teaching and administrative staff and 1,292 students (1185 in junior high and 107 in senior high); in No.1 Middle School, there are 76 teaching and administrative staff and 1,174 students; in No.2 Middle School, there are 87 teaching and administrative staff and 1718 students; in all primary schools, there are 437 teaching and administrative staff and 7,792 students; there are also 1 public kindergarten and 21 private kindergartens with totally 2,625 children in them.

(iii). The enrollment rate of primary and junior high school students in Fanghua Town is 100%. the proportion of students graduated from junior high to high school is 48%; the test results of junior high entrance examination is among the leading level in mountainous and semi-mountainous towns in the county.

6. Health care:

(i). There are 1 central hospital in town and 17 village clinics in administrative village. There are 42 doctors in the hospital and 67 village health workers.

7. Economic Conditions:

(i). In 2011, gross value of production of Zhanyi County was 11.7 billion CNY, year-on-year growth was 15% and the fiscal revenue was 1.235 billion CNY. The first industrial added value was 2.6 billion CNY, with 8% year-on-year growth; the second industrial added value was 6.2 billion CNY, with 18.4% year-on-year growth; the third industrial added value was 2.9 billion CNY, with 14.4% year-on-year increase. The three industrial structure ratio was 22:53:25. Per capita disposable income of urban residents and rural per capita net income were 18,074 CNY and 5,715 CNY.

(ii). In 2011, Banqiao Town achieved 819.5 million CNY total revenue of rural 2

economy, with 12.4 % year-on-year growth. The farmer per capita net income was 5218 CNY, with 15% year-on-year growth; Investment in fixed assets was 375 million CNY, large-scale industrial added value reached 348.5 million CNY, with 13 % year-on-year growth.

(iii). In 2011, Fanghua Town realized 198 million CNY gross farm productions, with 11% year-on-year growth.

8. Work on poverty-reduction:

(i). In 2011, Banqiao Town completed work of the provincial-level poverty reduction prioritized supported village on Hexi, Dakeshu and Dabaozi natural villages and completed programming of county-level compulsory poverty reduction for 10 administrative villages (2011-2020).

(ii). In 2011, Fanghua Town has issued 10.97 million CNY small loans for poverty alleviation and supported 273 households. The town Women’s Federation issued 4.77 million CNY for “loan support, tax reduction, entrepreneur services and funding subsidy” to support 60 women, college graduates and veterans and provide 33 laid-off workers to apply for small loans of totally 1.65 million CNY.

II. Gender and road maintenance

9. The subproject has impacted the local people both positively and negatively, especially on women and children. The construction process has made surrounding people’s life inconvenient to some degree, but it’s temporary. After the construction, the road is smooth, which can provide convenience for people’s travel. The road maintenance let the local women benefit indirectly. Generally, it brings more good than harm.

Positive Impact:

(i). After the maintenance, the road capacity has been improved and the traffic congestion can be relieved. The travel environment of the community and health environment of people living on both sides of the road has also been improved.

(ii). The local people were employed in the maintenance and get trained on safety and environment protection. Thus, their safety and environment protection awareness is improved.

(iii). Because of the limited condition, there are not many schools in rural areas, if the traffic is inconvenient, it would definitely affect the children’s education. The road pavement condition was bad and accidents happened frequently, it was not safe for children on their way to and from schools, after the maintenance, the road condition has been improved, which provide convenient and safe guarantee for students. Moreover, the good transportation can also improve information exchange between urban and rural areas and thus enhance the rural education level.

(iv). After the maintenance, women would have more opportunities to communicate with the outside world and participate into all kinds of social activities. They can visit their friends and relatives, go shopping and sell farm produces. Their participation in community management, training, education study opportunities would improve their knowledge so as to raise their economic and social status in house and society to realize equality of men and women.

(v). Luliang County in Qujing City is a typical agricultural county; farming is the main body of the county agricultural economy, focusing on grain, vegetable and aquatic products. Along G326, vegetable and fruit planting develops greatly. After the maintenance, on one hand, the improved transportation would reduce cost and loss in transportation; on another, the convenient transportation would attract more people to come to the county to enjoy the fruit picking activities, which would increase farmers’ income and encourage the development of other local specialty and catering services. In rural areas, most men are working outside; the majority of the beneficiaries are women and senior people. The maintenance greatly improved their opportunities in income generation. (vi). The construction would increase non-agricultural job opportunities in a short term, among which 30% would be provided to local women and poverty people. Negative impact during maintenance:

(i). During the construction, local people’s life was affected by constructing activities.

(ii). Except for safety hazard for construction workers and students during the construction, the improved traffic led to faster vehicle speed, which would also become a threat of life security for local people, especially for children and senior people.

(iii). Temporary measures like limit line and others brought inconvenience for local people’s travel, affected materials transportation between the project site and other places and produced noise and air pollution.

Negative impact during maintenance:

(i). The improvement of the transportation would increase the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, which would threat life and health of local women and children.

(ii). The improvement of the transportation would increase the migration and chances for criminals to get into the local communities, especially for those human traffickers.

(iii). Now, some of remote villages have become concentrating places for drug addicts and drug dealers. The improved traffic would increase the risk of drug as well as its spreading areas, threatening the health and life of women and children.

III. Gender Mainstreaming

10. Recruit local women in road maintenance: The G326 maintenance subproject recruited many local villagers, provided job opportunities and income for families involving in the subproject. In rural area, because men used to work outside, women have to take important responsibilities and roles in economic and agricultural activities and they have become the main labour force. During the construction, women are recruited for pit repairing, cleaning the road, ditches and culverts, collecting wasted materials and planting trees and grass on road sides to prevent soil erosion 11. Equal pay for equal work: In accordance with ILO Convention No. 100, "Equal Remuneration Convention", the subproject adopts equal pay for men and women employees system.

IV. The implementing of schedule

12. As the Implementing Agency of the subproject, YHAB implemented and monitored the Gender Action Plan (GAP). During the project execution process, YHAB has guaranteed that:

(i). The GAP has been implemented and monitored, and annual report has been submitted to ADB;

(ii). The related provisions in GAP has been included into bidding documents;

(iii). The progress of GAP has been included into project progress report and completion report

(iv). The contractor has: (1) recruited women in construction and maintenance work of the subproject; (2)payed men and women equally according to domestic law and international conventions; (3) provided safe working environment for employees; (4) provided training on road maintenance and used of equipments for female employees; (5) provided safety and health training courses for workers to raise their awareness on safety and prevention of transmitted diseases.

V. Relevant policies, laws and regulations

13. The development outline of Chinese women (2010-2020)

14. Chinese Children's Development Outline (2010-2020)

15. Women and children rights and interests protection law of the People's Republic of China (1992 People's Republic of China the Presidential Decree No. 58 Announcement)

16. Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (ILO Convention No. 100)

17. The People's Republic of China Law on the Protection of women's rights (Effected on 1 December 1, 1992) 18. Women and children rights and interests protection law of the People's Republic of China (Effected on Oct 10, 1992)

19. Labor Law of the People's Republic of China (Effected on Jan1, 1995)

VI. GAP Implementation Status, Table 1

20. In accordance with the GAP, the contractors prioritize the hiring of local people in construction to let them benefit from the subproject. (See Table 1)

Table 1 GAP Implementation Status

Recruit for road maintenance  G326 contractor recruited untrained local people as workers and provided maintenance technique and safety training for them so as to improve their chances to get hired. The trained workers had equal pay for equal work.  Among all on-site investigation, women took up to 30%. The contractor gave priority to people from poverty families and women when employing the local people.  Guarantee the indigenous peoples and people from ethnic groups can involve into the road maintenance.  The contractor did not hire child labourer.  Men and women got equal pay for equal work, which at a certain level improves women’s status in family. The investigation results can be found in Table 2, Pic 1, 2 show the recruited women workers Capacity building on gender  Capacity building activities emphasize gender awareness issue and discussions about gender issues have been held with more than 50% women’s participation in areas along the road. Discussions on gender issues along the subproject road sections can be found in Table 4.  Women have actively participated into local decision making process, like the public consultation and the interview to villagers living in the project area after the construction. about the environment impact of the maintenance (See Pic 9,10 in the appendix)(50% participants were women).  During the maintenance, YHAB established complaint mechanism so that it can solve the affected people’s concern and complaint about environment, traffic safety, social safety and other issues promptly through simple and clear procedures especially for female. Any people can directly make complains when they feel their environment rights have been violated until the problem is

solved. During the construction process, road maintenance well received by the local communities and residents, there is no complaint, letters, petitions on environment pollution, traffic safety and social safety received because that various impact mitigation measures have been taken. Improvement on road safety  Bulletin boards, safety cone, identification tags and other and social security warning signs would be set along the road in maintenance, especially in places near schools, hospital and markets, providing information about the name of the subproject, subproject overview, contractor, design unit, supervision unit, contractor and their telephone numbers.  The contractor provides training for employed workers, especially women and equips them with proper working clothes, hard hat and gloves. Provide clean drinking water for workers on site.  The subproject is conducted as required by HIV/AIDS Prevention Plan. The contractor provide trainings HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases risk and prevention related knowledge and awareness to workers, part-time workers and their families to reduce HIV/AIDS impact during and after the construction period.  Process medical waste timely and reduce AIDS infection risks  The subproject also educate the local people, especially women and children about human trafficking related knowledge to build their alert toward this as well as cooperate with related law enforcing department to prevent trafficking.  After the completion of the subproject, steering office keeps the propaganda and education on the traffic safety knowledge to local villagers(See Pic 5 in the appendix), and posted traffic safety propaganda poster on the eye-catching places along the road. Local economy development  After the maintenance, the road condition has been improved; traffic congestion can be solved greatly, which would bring benefits and economic effect for local people as well as local special tourism and farmhouse visits.  During the construction, local people, especially women and poverty people have been recruited so as to increase their income.  Women (middle-aged) were hired to be responsible for providing food for workers, maintaining vegetations along the road, like plant trees and clean garbage, which all

provided then with income source for elder women.  Put priority to use local construction materials such as sand, stone, cement and others to increase local people’s income, as well as the economics of private enterprise. Adaptation in Climate Change  At 40% of the workers working on climate change Situation adaptation (plant trees, maintenance of vegetation) are women.  Local women were hired to do vegetation planting in ecological fragile region along the road  After the construction, vegetation recovering work along the road in the project area is kept on, and local women are hired to do the work continually. Education for school-age  After the maintenance, the traffic condition is more children convenient and safe for school students to go and from schools.  However, during the construction, large transportation vehicles are still a threat for children’s safety. Parents need to educate their children on personal safety. The contractor also needs to provide safety training for drivers. Also, monitoring on violation of transportation rules by related departments (like transportation bureau) shall be strengthened.  After the maintenance, road condition is improved mostly, the road is smooth, and traffic decreases temporarily, leading to faster vehicle speed, which bring about a great security risk especially to the students and children to and from schools. Parents and teachers need to educate them on traffic safety, and local transportation administration department need to monitor the limit line and overloading of vehicles forcibly and effectively.

21. After on-site investigation and interview on local villagers working on the subproject to know about the household information, income and salary, the results show that all interviewees hope that they can have more of these opportunities in the future. For details, please see the following Table 2.

Table 2 G326 Subproject Recruitment of local workers

Name Sex Age Position Income/ No. No. of No. of Annual month Family Families: Families: household members Male Male income 20,000 Li Guowei M 25 driver 4600 4 3 1 CNY Li Guomei F 34 Road 2000 3 1 2 10,000

worker CNY Zhao M Road 20,000 26 2000 3 2 1 Jiangmin worker CNY Luo M Road 30,000 43 2000 4 2 2 Chunsheng worker CNY Zi M Road 10,000 25 2000 2 1 1 Chenglong worker CNY Luo M Road 10,000 48 2000 6 3 3 Zhengxue worker CNY Luo M Road 10,000 18 2000 4 2 2 Zhengtong worker CNY Zi M Road 10,000 24 2000 2 1 1 Chengyan worker CNY Road 10,000 Bi Qingfang F 57 1000 4 3 1 worker CNY 10,000 Zi Honglin F 31 cook 1500 4 1 3 CNY 50,000 Li Zhizhong M 37 driver 4500 5 3 2 CNY Zhao Road 20,000 F 42 2000 4 3 1 Huihua worker CNY

22. On June 3, 2013, G326 subproject conducted a public consultation on the local communities (Table 3), the main questions asked included: (i). During the maintenance of the road, do you think that the noise and dust produced by construction activities have impact on your life?

(ii) The subproject has been done, are you satisfied with this road?

(iii) Is the dust less than before? Is the road safer and smoother than before?

(iv) Whether the limit line of overloading vehicles should be adopted?

(v) During the construction, did the contractors offer many job opportunities? Did it solve the economic problem to a certain extent? Whether women can benefit from the project? Did they get special protection and care measures during working?

23． The results show that the villagers thought that there was some impact on the environment. But since the time is short and the contractor used measures like watering, covering transporting vehicles with canvas, the dust is reduced greatly(See Pic 7,8 in the appendix). The subproject has been completed now, dust is less, and traffic is less, but vehicle speed is much faster. The limit line should be conducted to overloading vehicles otherwise the road will be damaged sooner. In a word, these respondents are satisfied with the road section recovered.

During the construction, the contractor offered local people many road maintenance works, average per capita income is about 2000 CNY, much more than farming at home, which solved some people’s family economic problems. Before the women started to work on-site, contractors had provided them safety and skill training as well as safe working environment. Women can get even treatment as men, contractors gave them equal pay for equal work. Because of the physical differences between men and women, they were arranged to do some light works such as pit repairing, cleaning the road, collecting wasted materials and others. The increased income would raise their economic and social status in family, as well as their decision making power.

Table 3 Attendants for public consultation on G326 subproject

No. Name Sex Nationality Age Profession Village Baimiao Village, Banqiao Town, Luniang County, 1 Lu Langcui F Han 57 Villager Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Machanghu Village, Banqiao Town, Luniang 2 Zhu Xuewang M Han 42 Villager County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Fuyuna County, Qujing 3 Wang Zhigang M Han 40 Villager City of Yunnan Province Machanghu Village, Banqiao Town, Luniang 4 Chen Shimei F Han 46 Villager County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Machanghu Village, Banqiao Town, Luniang 5 Zhu Dejian M Han 46 Villager County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Xiangshuiba Town, 6 Fang Meizhen F Han 43 Fishmonger Luniang County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Xiangshuiba Town, 7 Yue Zhengde M Han 51 Fishmonger Luniang County, Qujing City of Yunnan Province. Yuezhou Town, Qiling 8 Huang Jufen F Han 58 Grocer District, Qujing City of Yunnan Province Yuezhou Town, Qiling Chine Mobile 9 Yuan Limei F Han 36 District, Qujing City of Agents Yunnan Province Yuezhou Town, Qiling 10 Tuo Dongqin F Han 16 Student District, Qujing City of Yunnan Province Yuezhou Town, Qiling 11 He Juhua F Han 42 Shop owner District, Qujing City of Yunnan Province Yuezhou Town, Qiling 12 Sun Qiongmei F Han 35 Booth owner District, Qujing City of Yunnan Province Yuezhou Town, Qiling Zhang Tobacco 13 M Han 74 District, Qujing City of Wenzhong company staff Yunnan Province 10

Yuezhou Town, Qiling Water station 14 Sun Meiqin F Han 50 District, Qujing City of staff Yunnan Province

24. The main work of G326 maintenance is conducted in Luliang Township, survey on gender was conducted in local township government, details can be found in Table 4. Table 4 Survey on gender issues in area of the subproject

No. Questions about Results 1 What is the local school More than 99% of female children are in primary school attendance of female and more than 95 % in secondary high school. students? What is the age Basically, all female children get school education of girls go to school and before 5. how the education level for them? 2 Main economic activity of Most of the people make their living by planting grain the local people and vegetable. Some people would find job in nearby factories and some are hired as road workers. 3 What is the social The social organization that the local people usually organization that they pay visits includes the town government, health clinic, usually pay visits? Is the rural credit cooperative, all of which are located in the transportation to these town. Before the maintenance of G326, the road was places convenient? seriously damaged and it was not safe for villagers to take travel on it. During the construction, because of the measure of limit line, traffic congestion is severer and affects the effectiveness of the local people to go to the town. After the maintenance, the road condition is greatly improved and it becomes more convenient for the local. 4 Main health problems of Rural production and living environment is poor, the local women? Can the harming the rural women's health. With the people’s disease be development of labor economy, many men go out to treated in time? Can the seek job opportunities in urban areas and leave the maintenance of the road burden of the family all to women. Long-term physical impact on the situation? exertion is the main reason for their susceptibility to diseases. Heavy use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to toxic and harmful residues penetrating into the groundwater and affects people’s health. Moreover, rural women usually don’t have strong self-care awareness, adding with the poor economic condition, limited rural medical care condition and low diagnosis and treatment level, rural women are easy to be infected with all kinds of diseases and they usually cannot get timely treatment. Because of the changes in

rural living, working environment and people’s lifestyle, the numbers of people having cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other serious ailments are also increasing. G326 is the only way that the villagers go through to big hospitals in Fumin County. During the construction, traffic congestion might affect timely treatment for patients in short time; however, the traffic would be smoother after the maintenance, which would save much time for saving the local patients. 5 Do the local people know The survey result shows that the local people’s about HIV/AIDS? awareness rate in HIV/AIDS is only 40 % to 55 %, much lower than the rate in cities. It means that the local people’s knowledge about AIDS is far from enough, which is mainly gotten from television and broadcasting, newspaper and magazines, neighbors and friends, rural activities, schools and teachers, medical staff and family members. Different groups of people have different knowledge sources. More male get the information through newspaper and magazines than female. People have higher education usually get it from television and broadcasting, newspaper and magazines, medical staff and schools and teachers and people with lower education level get it from their neighbors and friends and rural activities. Besides, during the construction of G326 maintenance, the contractor organizes the workers and their families for HIV/AIDS prevention trainings and distribute related pamphlet to nearly communities. 6 Do the local ethnic groups The majority of the local residents are Han people and insist their own customs there is only a small population of ethnic groups, and beliefs? whose living habits and customs are basically the same as the local Han people. Students from ethnic groups can have extra score plus for their entrance examination for universities and colleges. The local government also provides subsidies or poverty-reduction support for ethnic people living in remote mountainous areas. 7 What is the feedback of the The road was damaged. The dust is heavy along the local toward the road road. The traffic congestions and accidents happen a condition? lot. All of these affect people’s life seriously. 8 What is the local people’s Hope to speed up the progress of road maintenance expectation and and reduce the inconvenience caused by the suggestion for the construction. The contractor should hire more local

maintenance? people so as to provide them with sources of income. 9 If there is any safety and YHAB has established a complaint mechanism with the environment problem information put to bulletin boards. If there is any happen during the problem, the people can make their complaint to the construction, is there any local community, government, contractor, supervisors place for people to make and steering office until it is solved. complaint and get their rights protected?

VII. Conclusion and Recommendations:

25. With the direction and supervision of the steering office, the contractor strictly follows the ADB GAP during the construction: (1) to ensure that some of the non-skilled jobs will be provided to local women and ensure men and women get equal pay for equal work so that women can benefit from the subproject and have their economical and social status improved; (2) to provide safe working environment for both male and female workers; (3) to provide safety and technique training for employees to improve their skills and improve their future chances for jobs; (4) try to use local materials to increase the local people’s income. Through on-site investigation on local workers, they are all satisfied with the job and hope that they can have more of this kind of opportunities in future. They believe that the road maintenance increases their income sources. Especially women’s involvement in the construction make them bring more income home and raises their status in family and community and at the same time enhanced their skills for future job opportunities. (5) Because the construction was too short, making the employment time short, this only can improve villagers’ income temporarily. After the construction, as interviewed to villagers in the project area, the road maintenance workers have to find other employment opportunity. (6) After the maintenance, road condition is well, road is smooth, which provides local people’s travel and vehicles many conveniences, at the same time, it will progress the development of local social and economics.

26. Recommendations: (1). The contractor can enlarge the scope that the local people’s involvement in the construction; (2) to strengthen training and promotion on safe production, self-protection and environment protection (3) to distribute and put more post about HIV/AIDS and other diseases in villages along the road; (4) After the maintenance, faster vehicle speed would bring about a great security risk especially to the students and children to and from schools. Parents and teachers need to educate them on traffic safety, and local transportation administration department need to monitor the speeding and overloading vehicles forcibly and effectively.

VIII. Pictures taken on-site

Pic 1 Women are hired as road workers and equipped with protective clothing

Pic 2 Drinking water provided on site

Pic 3 Public consultation

Pic 4 Safety signs have been used on the maintained section

Pic 5 Road safety propaganda posted on the access of village

Pic 6 Safety propaganda posted along the road

Pic 7 A great amount of dust arising from the road surface before

construction

Pic 8 The repaired road is wide, clean and tidy

Pic 9 Staff are interviewing the people along the road after maintenance

Pic 10 Staff are interviewing the people along the road after maintenance