DOCSLIB.ORG

45030-002: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
45030-002: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number: 45030-002 August 2017 PRC: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Asian Development Bank Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number: 45030-002 Semi-annual Report August 2017 People’s Republic of China: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project Prepared by Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. PRC-3074: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project The Environmental Monitoring Report in the First Half of 2017 For Phase II and Phase III-Road Maintenance Subprojects Drafted in August 2017 Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the Asian Development Bank i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V I. BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRESS 1 II. REPORT PREPARATION 5 A.Purposes and Objectives 5 B.Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework 5 C.Report Period 6 D.Scope of Environment Monitoring 6 IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP 7 A.Detailed design drawings and bidding documents 7 B.Institutional Arrangements 7 C.Construction Supervisors 7 D.Implementation status of the mitigation measures 8 E.Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Results 11 F.Institutional Capacity Building and Training 20 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 22 A.Public Consultation, Information Disclosure 22 B.Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 29 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 31 APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THE MITIGATION MEASURES IMPLEMENTED 32 APPENDIX 2: SITE PHOTOS 44 List of Figures, Tables and Pictures Figure 1 Organizational Chart for Supervision of Environmental Protection, Water and Soil Conservation 8 Figure 2 Procudures of Project GRM 30 Table-1 Road Sections for Maintenance during the Phase II and III of the Project and Project Progress 3 Table- 2 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water（GB3838-2002） 11 Table- 3 Water Quality Monitoring Results of Phase II and Phase III Subprojects 12 Table- 4 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012） 13 Table- 5 Air Quality Monitoring Results of Phase II and Phase III Subprojects 14 Table- 6 Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008) 17 Table- 7 Emission standard of environment noise for boundary of construction site （GB12523-2011） 17 Table- 8 Major Noise Source 17 Table- 9 Noise Monitoring Results of the Environmental Sensitive Receptors Along Phase II and Phase III Subprojects 18 Table- 10 List of Persons Consulted With 22 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 June 2017) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $ 0.1475 $1.00 = CNY 6.7797 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADB SPS – Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 CEWP – Construction Environmental Work Plan CIEE – Consolidated Initial Environmental Examination(i.e. many subprojects addressed in one IEE) dBA – A measure of audible (the ear) noise EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan ESSU – Environment, Social and Safety Unit (established within YHAB) GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE – Initial Environmental Examination masl – metres above sea level PMO – Project Management Office PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – Resettlement Plan RoW – Right of Way SDAP – Social Development Action Plan subIDFor – Sub-identification form, provided in the project’s Operations m Manual summarizing all features for a subproject vpd – Vehicles per day YEPD – Yunnan Environmental Protection Department YHAB – Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau YPDOT – Yunnan Provincial Department of Transportation YSRI – Yunnan Science and Technology Research Institute of Highways WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CO – Carbon monoxide kph – Kilometers per hour mu – Land measurement unit = 666.6m2 NO2 – Nitrate or Nitrogen Dioxide SO2 – Sulphur dioxide NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Monitoring Indicators Water Quality SS – Suspended substance CODcr – Chemical oxygen demand pH – pH value DO – Dissolved oxygen Air Quality PM10 – Inhalable particulate matter (particle size less than 10 microns, harmful to the lungs) NO2 – Nitrogen dioxide SO2 – Sulfur dioxide Acoustic Quality LAeq – equivalent continuous sound level A This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of Asian Development Bank Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Executive Summary 1. The Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project (the Project) is located in Yunnan Province in the People’s Republic of China. The Yunnan Department of Transport (YPDOT) is the executing agency and the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau (YHAB) the implementing agency. The latter manages non-tolled national highways, provincial roads and important county roads in the province. Condition of the network has been deteriorating resulting in a reduced level of service and safety, increased transport costs and environmental degradation. 2. The Project includes four outputs: maintenance of 866.8 km of national, provincial and county roads (Output 1); pilot of performance-based maintenance contracts (Output 2); development of a road asset management system (Output 3); and institutional development to enhance the performance and sustainability of YHAB road maintenance (Output 4). Maintenance activities will be implemented over five years in four Phases. The Project with loan amount of $80 million was approved by ADB on 9 December 2013. The Loan and Project Agreements were signed on 30 May 2014. The loan became effective on 7 August 2014. 3. Currently, only phases II and III subprojects are in implementation. Phase I contracts were signed in middle of 2014 and the subproject has been completed except 2 performance based contracts in maintenance stages; Phase II subproject contracts were signed in Dec 2015 and officially started civil works in Jan 2016; and the subproject is still in implementation; Phase III subproject contracts were signed and officially started civil works in Jan~Apr 2017; and the subproject is still in implementation; and The proposal of Phase IV subproject is under preparation. 4. Phase I ， II and III Safeguards compliance. YHAB and the environmental monitoring reports (EMRs, included in the project quarterly progress reports through 2014~2016) confirmed that none of the Phase I，II and III – road sections involved resettlement, environmental or indigenous people impacts and therefore Phase I，II and III -remain categories B or C consistent with the project design. 5. The project management offices of Phase II and phase III subprojects, the constructors and construction supervision companies performed their respective duties in accordance with the EMP. During implementation, environmental mitigation measures were carried out to reduce the impacts of construction on the surrounding environment and people’s health to the minimum as possible. They had minimized the pollution and improved local public transport. vi Map 1- Project Roads (phase II) -G213, S313 and Two Sections of G320 G320Dali(Yangbi~Yongping),91km G320Baoshan (Yaoqiao~Baoshan) 83km S313 Yimeng to Yimeng,57km G213 E’shan~Xinping,72km vii Map 2 Project Roads (phase III) Myanmar S303 S202 G213 Yunnan S202 G320 G324 Guangxi G214 S207 Yunnan G323 Vietnam Laos Note: subproject road alignments (292km, 11 sections in total). Source: YSRI. 1 I. Background and Project Progress 1. The Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance Project (the Project) is located in Yunnan Province in the People’s Republic of China. The Yunnan Department of Transport (YPDOT) is the executing agency and the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau (YHAB) the implementing agency. The latter manages non-tolled national highways, provincial roads and important county roads in the province. Condition of the network has been deteriorating resulting in a reduced level of service and safety, increased transport costs and environmental degradation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • History, Development and Corporate Structure
    THE DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” OF THE COVER OF THE DOCUMENT. HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE OVERVIEW We are a leading ready-mixed concrete producer in China with strong research and development capabilities according to the CIC Report. Our history can be traced back to YNJG Concrete, which was established in April 1996. Its principal businesses included the production and sales of commercial concrete and related products. After being merged and absorbed into YNJG as the Commercial Concrete Division through an asset restructuring, YNJG Concrete was deregistered in May 2012. In December 2016, YNJG injected the operating assets of the Commercial Concrete Division and the equity interests of four operating subsidiaries into the Company through a capital increase. On June 19, 2007, the Company was established as a limited liability company by YNJG Concrete. On December 22, 2017, the Company was converted into a joint stock limited company and renamed “YCIH Green High-Performance Concrete Company Limited.” MILESTONES The following table outlines the milestones in our history of development: Years Events 1996 YNJG Concrete was established, whose principal businesses included the production and sales of commercial concrete and related products. 2007 The Company was established by YNJG Concrete in Kunming, Yunnan Province as a limited liability company, i.e., YNJG Green High- Performance Concrete Co., Ltd. (雲南建工綠色高性能混凝土有限公司). 2007 YNJG Concrete undertook the project of concrete production and supply for “Kunming University Town (昆明大學城)”, and from 2007 to 2010, it produced and supplied more than 800,000 cubic meters of concrete for this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Empirical Research on Leadership Capacity of Secondary Vocational Teachers in Yunnan Province of China
    Journal of Education and Learning; Vol. 10, No. 1; 2021 ISSN 1927-5250 E-ISSN 1927-5269 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Empirical Research on Leadership Capacity of Secondary Vocational Teachers in Yunnan Province of China Xiaoyao Yue1 & Yongjun Feng2 1 Higher Education Research Institute, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2 School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China Correspondence: Yongjun Feng, School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 10, 2020 Accepted: December 12, 2020 Online Published: December 16, 2020 doi:10.5539/jel.v10n1p7 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v10n1p7 Abstract Teacher leadership continues to be a growing educational reform initiative across the world. With the rapid development of Chinese language education, the role of teacher leadership in education reform is becoming more and more prominent. Based on the survey data of 104 teachers in a secondary vocational school in Yuxi City, this study investigated the level of teacher leadership capacity and discussed their promotion strategies. Based on Lambert’s (2003a) theory of teacher leadership capacity, the author developed a research questionnaire that including four structures of teacher leadership capacity, which focus on the vision, reflection and innovation, shared governance, supervision, and response to student achievement. This study adopted the five-likert point scale. Data analysis shows that the average scores of 17 items does not exceed 4.00 points, while the highest and lowest score are from “focus on the vision.” To improve the teacher leadership capacity, the study suggests that leaders should concentrate on the school’s vision as well as establish collaborative culture and atmosphere among teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Information
    Supplemental information Table S1 Sample information for the 36 Bactrocera minax populations and 8 Bactrocera tsuneonis populations used in this study Species Collection site Code Latitude Longitude Accession number B. minax Shimen County, Changde SM 29.6536°N 111.0646°E MK121987 - City, Hunan Province MK122016 Hongjiang County, HJ 27.2104°N 109.7884°E MK122052 - Huaihua City, Hunan MK122111 Province 27.2208°N 109.7694°E MK122112 - MK122144 Jingzhou Miao and Dong JZ 26.6774°N 109.7341°E MK122145 - Autonomous County， MK122174 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Mayang Miao MY 27.8036°N 109.8247°E MK122175 - Autonomous County, MK122204 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Luodian county, Qiannan LD 25.3426°N 106.6638°E MK124218 - Buyi and Miao MK124245 Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province Dongkou County, DK 27.0806°N 110.7209°E MK122205 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122234 Province Shaodong County, SD 27.2478°N 111.8964°E MK122235 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122264 Province 27.2056°N 111.8245°E MK122265 - MK122284 Xinning County, XN 26.4652°N 110.7256°E MK122022 - Shaoyang City,Hunan MK122051 Province 26.5387°N 110.7586°E MK122285 - MK122298 Baojing County, Xiangxi BJ 28.6154°N 109.4081°E MK122299 - Tujia and Miao MK122328 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province 28.2802°N 109.4581°E MK122329 - MK122358 Guzhang County, GZ 28.6171°N 109.9508°E MK122359 - Xiangxi Tujia and Miao MK122388 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Luxi County, Xiangxi LX 28.2341°N 110.0571°E MK122389 - Tujia and Miao MK122407 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Yongshun County, YS 29.0023°N
    [Show full text]
  • Household Stove Improvement and Risk of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China
    Household Stove Improvement and Risk of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China Qing Lan, Robert S. Chapman, Dina M. Schreinemachers, Linwei Tian, Xingzhou He erably lower in China (6.8 in men and 3.2 in women) and was Background: Lung cancer rates in rural Xuanwei County, lower still in Yunnan as a whole (4.3 in men and 1.5 in women). Yunnan Province, are among the highest in China. Residents In Xuanwei, more than 90% of residents are farmers with little traditionally burned “smoky” coal in unvented indoor or no exposure to industrial or automotive air pollution, and firepits that generated very high levels of air pollution. Since residential stability is very high. Most men, but very few the 1970s, most residents have changed from firepits to women, smoke tobacco. Nearly all women, and some men, cook stoves with chimneys. This study assessed whether lung can- food on the household stove. cer incidence decreased after this stove improvement. Meth- For household cooking and heating, Xuanwei residents have ods: A cohort of 21 232 farmers, born from 1917 through traditionally burned “smoky coal,” “smokeless coal,” or wood in 1951, was followed retrospectively from 1976 through 1992. unvented indoor firepits. (Smoky coal and smokeless coal are All subjects were users of smoky coal who had been born general descriptive terms used throughout China for bituminous into homes with unvented firepits. During their lifetime, and anthracite coal, respectively.) Burning smoky coal in a 17 184 subjects (80.9%) changed permanently to stoves with firepit generates very high indoor concentrations of airborne 3 chimneys.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spectrum-STI Groups Model: Syphilis Prevalence Trends Across High-Risk and Lower-Risk Populations in Yunnan, China Eline L
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The Spectrum-STI Groups model: syphilis prevalence trends across high-risk and lower-risk populations in Yunnan, China Eline L. Korenromp1,12*, Wanyue Zhang2,12, Xiujie Zhang2,12, Yanling Ma2, Manhong Jia2, Hongbin Luo2, Yan Guo2, Xiaobin Zhang2, Xiangdong Gong3, Fangfang Chen4, Jing Li3, Takeshi Nishijima5, Zhongdan Chen6, Melanie M. Taylor7,8, Kendall Hecht9, Guy Mahiané9, Jane Rowley10 & Xiang-Sheng Chen3,11 The Spectrum-STI model, structured by sub-groups within a population, was used in a workshop in Yunnan, China, to estimate provincial trends in active syphilis in 15 to 49-year-old adults. Syphilis prevalence data from female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and lower-risk women and men in Yunnan were identifed through literature searches and local experts. Sources included antenatal care clinic screening, blood donor screening, HIV/STI bio-behavioural surveys, sentinel surveillance, and epidemiology studies. The 2017 provincial syphilis prevalence estimates were 0.26% (95% confdence interval 0.17–0.34%) in women and 0.28% (0.20–0.36%) in men. Estimated prevalence was 6.8-fold higher in FSW (1.69% (0.68–3.97%) than in lower-risk women (0.25% (0.18– 0.35%)), and 22.7-fold higher in MSM (5.35% (2.74–12.47%) than in lower-risk men (0.24% (0.17– 0.31%). For all populations, the 2017 estimates were below the 2005 estimates, but diferences were not signifcant. In 2017 FSW and MSM together accounted for 9.3% of prevalent cases. These estimates suggest Yunnan’s STI programs have kept the overall prevalence of syphilis low, but prevalence remains high in FSW and MSM.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Interventions on Agro-Ecosystems: an Experience from Yunnan Province, China
    sustainability Article Sustainability Interventions on Agro-Ecosystems: An Experience from Yunnan Province, China Jun Fan 1,2 , Xingming Fan 2,*, Attachai Jintrawet 1 and Horst Weyerhaeuser 3 1 Center for Agricultural Resource System Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (J.F.); [email protected] (A.J.) 2 Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China 3 Independent Consultant, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Increasing agricultural production, without having a pronounced negative impact on ecosystems, continues to be a massive challenge. Interventions in sustainability that improve agro- ecosystems are thus crucial. Current literature focuses on sustainability concepts, assessment tools, and intervention impacts, yet lacks in intervention mechanisms and implementation processes. Therefore, this study aims to present an intervention framework on agro-ecosystems that helps transform sustainability concepts into implementation actions. We first create the intervention framework on agro-ecosystems using a systematic approach, and then analyze the intervention mechanism. Next, we formulate the agro-ecological sustainability index (AESI) and its sub-indices to assess the results of interventions. We find that, by integrating interventions, we can reverse the sustainability trend from deterioration to recovery and improvement; however, with a spatial difference. We highlight that the process for a successful intervention comprises (1) utilizing an integrated intervention portfolio, (2) acting with a long-term perspective, (3) utilizing adaptive implementation, and (4) strengthening local institutions. We suggest closely monitoring the impact Citation: Fan, J.; Fan, X.; Jintrawet, of interventions, diversifying farmers’ income sources, and enhancing capacity building for young A.; Weyerhaeuser, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Lincang Border Economic Cooperation Zone Development Project (RRP PRC 49310)
    Yunnan Lincang Border Economic Cooperation Zone Development Project (RRP PRC 49310) CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT I. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION Project Title: Yunnan Lincang Border Economic Cooperation Zone Development Project Project Cost ($ million): $416.59 million Location: Yunnan Province, the People's Republic of China (PRC) Sector: Water and other Urban Infrastructure and Services Theme: Institutional Development Brief Description: The Lincang Border Economic Cooperation Zone in southwest Yunnan Province is the PRC's 16th border economic cooperation zone. Since its inception in 2011, it has focused on cross-border trade, logistics, finance, tourism, equipment manufacturing and more, facilitating the PRC–Myanmar cooperation. This project is the Asian Development Bank's (ADB’s) investment response to the local demand of piloting a modern and environmental friendly border cooperation zone. The project covers three PRC border cities and towns, namely Qingshuihe, Zhenkang, and Cangyuan, along the PRC–Myanmar border in Lincang Prefecture in Yunnan Province, PRC. The project area is a less developed area in comparison to other parts of the country in a remote mountainous area. Most of the population are ethnic minorities consisting of Bai, Dai, Miao, Wa, Yi, etc. This part of the PRC shares a long inland border with Myanmar without obvious physical separations, and many local residents from both countries are from the same ethnic groups with similar living styles and habits, and share similar culture, language, habits, and economy. The interactions and exchanges of merchandise, as well as border trades, have existed throughout the long history of the area. ADB and the PRC Government reached an agreement to use an ADB loan of $250 million with a similar amount of counterpart fund from the PRC local government for the improvement of regional cooperation and integration facilities and infrastructure to promote the regional cooperation and local economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Contemporary Higher Vocal Education
    2019 International Conference on Social Science and Education (ICSSAE 2019) Yunnan Contemporary Higher Vocal Education Yu Chen1, a * 1 Music and Dance College of Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China a [email protected] *Music and Dance College of Qujing Normal University, Yu Chen Keywords: Vocal Music; Higher Education; Yunnan; Contemporary Abstract: This article is based on the contemporary Chinese, from 1949 to the 21st century, and the development of higher vocal education in Yunnan in the past 70 years. It is divided into three parts: the founding of the People’ s Republic of China, the reform and opening up, and the beginning of the 21st century. Then it sorts out the historical track of vocal music education in colleges and universities, as well as the vocal music education experts who promote its development. Recovery and Development After the Founding of the People’s Republic of China At the end of 1949, Yunnan was peacefully liberated. And the Ministry of Culture and Education of the Southwest Military and Political Committee informed that the Kunming Normal University was renamed Kunming Normal College (renamed Yunnan Normal University on April 11, 1984). The party and the government paid great attention to the construction and development of Yunnan’ s cultural and educational undertakings. With the gradual recovery of the economy and the increasingly stable society, art education has become more and more concerned by the primary and secondary schools in the province. The Kunming Teachers College, which has been adhering to the spirit of the Southwest United University, has taken the lead in opening up art education.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the International Actorness of China's Yunnan Province
    Beyond the Hinterland: Exploring the International Actorness of China’s Yunnan Province Song Yao Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Asia Institute The University of Melbourne September 2019 ORCID: 0000-0002-7720-3266 Abstract This study analyses the international relations of subnational governments, a phenomenon conceptualized as paradiplomacy. The scholarly literature on paradiplomacy tends to focus overly on subnational governments in federal systems, rather than those in unitary and centralized countries whose subnational governments have been increasingly proactive in international relations. China is one of these countries. Among the limited numbers of works on Chinese paradiplomacy, the majority are framed within the central-local interactions on foreign affairs and pay inadequate attention to how these provinces have participated directly in external cooperation, in line with their local interests. This body of works also displays a geographical bias, showing more interest in the prosperous coastal regions of China than its inland and border regions. This study, therefore, seeks to address the question of how Yunnan, a border province in the southwest of China, has become an international actor by exploring its international actorness. The thesis develops an original analytical framework. In contrast with previous analytical paradiplomacy frameworks, it combines the concept of paradiplomacy with the theory of actorness. After reviewing the relevant scholarly works, four dimensions of actorness have been considered: motivation, opportunity, capability, and presence. First, this study argues that, in the face of profound domestic developments and a complex external environment, Yunnan has been motivated to engage in cross-border cooperation and to consolidate its external affairs powers.
    [Show full text]
  • YMCI Ered.Pdf
    IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION TO ANY PERSON OR ADDRESS IN THE UNITED STATES. THIS OFFERING IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO INVESTORS WHO ARE ADDRESSEES OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. IMPORTANT: You must read the following before continuing. The following applies to the offering circular following this page (the ‘‘Offering Circular’’), and you are therefore advised to read this carefully before reading, accessing or making any other use of the Offering Circular. In accessing the Offering Circular, you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions, including any modifications to them any time you receive any information from us as a result of such access. NOTHING IN THIS ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION CONSTITUTES AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE IN THE UNITED STATES OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE IT IS UNLAWFUL TO DO SO. THE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN, AND WILL NOT BE, REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE ‘‘SECURITIES ACT’’), OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTION AND THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE OR LOCAL SECURITIES LAWS. THIS OFFERING IS MADE SOLELY IN OFFSHORE TRANSACTIONS PURSUANT TO REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT. THIS OFFERING CIRCULAR MAY NOT BE FORWARDED OR DISTRIBUTED TO ANY OTHER PERSON AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, MAY NOT BE FORWARDED TO ANY US ADDRESS. ANY FORWARDING, DISTRIBUTION, OR REPRODUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IN WHOLE OR IN PART IS UNAUTHORISED.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on the Factors Influencing Regional Development Differences of the Financial Industry in Yunnan Province
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 106 International Conference on Education Science and Economic Management (ICESEM 2017) Research on the Factors Influencing Regional Development Differences of the Financial Industry in Yunnan Province Meijuan Li Yuluan Chen School of Economics and Management School of Economics and Management Yunnan Normal University Yunnan Normal University Kunming 650092, China Kunming 650092, China Abstract—To evaluate the regional financial development Lijiang also have a lower deposit and loans. Their annual differences in Yunnan, this paper summarizes its present deposit and loans are below100 billion yuan. situation from regional financial aggregates, regional financial structure and regional financial efficiency, we use factor analysis and cluster analysis to analyze the main factors that affect the B. Differences of regional financial structure regional financial development differences in Yunnan. Our We mainly use financial interrelations rate (FIR) to results show that the main factors are the economic basis and measure the difference of regional financial structure. Western human capital levels. GDP per capita is the key factor that scholars represented by Mackinnon mainly use the ratio of M2 influences the development difference of financial industry in to GDP to express FDI, but some cities in Yunnan lack the Yunnan Province. Kunming has a better economic base and data of financial assets and M2, so, the ratio of M2 to GDP economic efficiency, and the demand for the financial system is greater than other states. The followed factors are the level of can not be used directly to represent FIR [2]. In view of the investment and financing, the level of regional informatization fact that many scholars in China use the sum of deposits and and geographical location.
    [Show full text]