The Design Warrior’s Guide to FPGAs The Design Warrior’s Guide to FPGAs Clive “Max” Maxfield Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2004, Mentor Graphics Corporation and Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved. Illustrations by Clive “Max” Maxfield No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail:
[email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 0-7506-7604-3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. For information on all Newnes publications visit our Web site at www.newnespress.com 04050607080910987654321 Printed in the United States of America To my wife Gina—the yummy-scrummy caramel, chocolate fudge, and rainbow-colored sprinkles on the ice cream sundae of my life Also, to my stepson Joseph and my grandchildren Willow, Gaige, Keegan, and Karma, all of whom will be tickled pink to see their names in a real book! For your delectation and delight, the CD accompanying this book contains a fully- searchable copy of The Design Warrior’s Guide to FPGAs in Adobe® Acrobat® (PDF) format.