Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Environmental Impact Statement Volume III – Technical Appendices
November 2012
MGE0262CR0024
rpsgroup.com/ireland
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Table of Contents
Appendix 1.1 OPW Arterial Drainage Maintenance Service Environmental Management Protocols & Standard Operating Procedures Appendix 4.1 Constraints Stage consultation responses received Appendix 4.2 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Public Summary of Public Information Evening 8th June 2011 Appendix 4.3 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Public Summary of Public Information Evening 30th November 2011 Appendix 10.1 Lough Corrib cSAC site synopsis Appendix 11.1 Ecological valuation of Aquatic Resources Appendix 11.2 Site Photographs Appendix 11.3 Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Appendix 11.4 White clawed Crayfish surveys and assessment criteria Appendix 11.5 Clare River Flood Relief Scheme Fishery Enhancement Works – Details 1 to 3 Appendix 14.1 RMP Sites within the surrounding area Appendix 14.2 Stray Finds within the surrounding area Appendix 14.3 Protected structures and NIAH structures within the surrounding area Appendix 14.4 Legislative Framework Protecting the archaeological resource Appendix 14.5 Legislative Framework Protecting the architectural resource Appendix 14.6 Impact Assessment and the cultural heritage resource Appendix 14.7 Mitigation Measures and the cultural heritage resource
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 1.1
MGE0262Rp0012 The Office of Public Works
Arterial Drainage Maintenance Service
Environmental Management Protocols
&
Standard Operating Procedures
The Office of Public Works Environment Section West Region Drainage Maintenance Headford Co. Galway Telephone: +353 (0)93 35 456 Fax: +353 (0)93 35 631 The Office of Public Works Arterial Drainage Maintenance Environmental Management Protocols & Standard Operating Procedures
Contents: Current Version Environmental Management Protocols April 2011 Environmental Drainage Maintenance Guidance Notes (10 Steps to Environmentally Friendly Maintenance) April 2011 Lamprey Standard Operating Procedure V2 April 2009 Crayfish Standard Operating Procedure V2 April 2009 Otter Standard Operating Procedure V2 April 2009 Mussels Standard Operating Procedure V2 April 2009 Invasive Species Standard Operating Procedure V2 March 2009 Zebra Mussel Standard Operating Procedure V2 May 2009 Blank OPW/ EREP Audit Form April 2011 NPWS Local Contact Details May 2009 Fisheries Contact Details April 2011 OPW Bridges on National Primary Roads March 2009
This document is uncontrolled in hard copy format. Hard copies should be validated against the revision level of the online version prior to use. w ww.opw.ie ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS
ARTERIAL DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE SERVICE (APPLICABLE TO ENGINEERS, TECHNICIANS AND FOREMEN)
PART I – OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
COMMUNICATIONS - STATUTORY STAKEHOLDERS By the end of September of each year, each Drainage Region to forward a draft copy if its Annual Works Programme for the coming year to OPW’s Environment Section, and to the Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) EREP Project Manager who will review it for appropriate sites and study locations for the Environmental River Enhancement Programme 2008 -2012. By end of November of each year, each Drainage Region to forward the relevant sections of the Finalised Annual Maintenance Programme for the coming year with a copy of appropriate scheme maps, to the National Parks & Wildlife Services (NPWS) Regional Managers and the IFI Directors. When compiling the programme the type of works proposed should be indicated for each channel under the headings A-F to facilitate the Screening for Appropriate Assessment (AA). A – Silt & Vegetation Management B – Aquatic Vegetation Cutting C – Bank Protection D – Bush Cutting/Branch Trimming E – Tree Cutting F – Bridge/ Structure Repairs Ideally, approximate timing (season/month) and approximate duration of works should be included for each channel. Works that fall within SACs, SPAs or NHAs are to be highlighted on the programme. As a follow up, the Drainage Regions offer the opportunity for a meeting with the stakeholders to discuss the programme and where a meeting is requested, preferable for this to take place as early as possible in the year. Prior to entry onto a channel contained wholly or partly within an SAC, SPA or NHA, three weeks notice in advance of entry, and for SAC & SPA an AA Screening Statement/Conclusion Statement must be completed and forwarded through the NPWS District Conservation Officer.
INTERIM STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS In addition to the start of the year stakeholder meeting to overview the Annual Works Programme, Regional Offices will offer and facilitate a schedule of more frequent and catchment focused meetings. The need and the frequency of these meetings will be determined on a regional basis in partnership with the relevant stakeholders. Typically a frequency of every 2-3 months to discuss the following 2-3 months work on the catchment, identifying any further environmental sensitivities, appropriate mitigating measures, follow up joint site visits where deemed beneficial and flagging any opportunities for added benefit in proposed River Enhancement works. Typical attendance includes a range of OPW Management Staff, i.e. Engineer, Technician and/or Foreman, NPWS Rangers and/or DCO and IFI Officers. OPW Engineer will compile minutes of the meeting to record attendance and a brief account of main decisions and follow up actions. Any channel specific information resulting from these meetings, such as timing requests should be entered into the Records Database in accordance with the National Recording Process. Fruitful consultations with statutory stakeholders such as NPWS and IFI are of critical importance to continuously improving environmental performance. However, in the interest of maximising the efficiency of stakeholders input, Management Staff are as far as practical, to plan their consultative requirements and address a range of aspects in any one discussion forum. Interim Stakeholder Meetings or similar forums offer good opportunities to maximise consultation efficiencies.
CORRESPONDENCE All Environment related correspondence/complaints should be logged on the Engineering Services Correspondence Database as per normal protocol. Complaints received should be forwarded to the Environment Section should assistance be required.
WALKOVER SURVEYS As a component to the EREP Project, on a number of channels, EREP team will request for Walkover Surveys as an opportunity to discuss in detail on site the environmental options for a particular channel with a range of relevant stakeholders. Typical attendance will be an IFI EREP representative, a range of OPW Management Staff and relevant Operational Crew if deemed beneficial, local IFI Officer and/or NPWS Ranger or DCO. OPW Management Staff to liaise with EREP team and coordinate the site visit with local IFI and NPWS to facilitate their participation if these stakeholders wish to attend. Environmental procedures as agreed on-site will be recorded by IFI EREP team and issued to the OPW Engineer as part of the design guidance for the particular Enhanced Maintenance works. Regional Management Staff to ensure that Operational Staff carry out the works in accordance with the agreed procedures.
NATURA 2000 SITE ASSESSMENTS All scheduled maintenance operations in the vicinity of a Natura 2000 Site i.e. an SAC or SPA, will require Screening for Appropriate Assessment and Stage II Appropriate Assessment where required. By the end of September of each year, each Drainage Region to forward a draft copy if its Annual Works Programme for the coming year to OPW’s Environment Section to facilitate this process. Environment Section will procure the Ecological Consultant, collate all the channel lists and issue completed AA Screening Statements/Conclusion Statements to the respective OPW engineers as completed. The Ecological Consultant will consult with OPW management to define the precise extents of proposed works in each Natura 2000 Site. In addition, the Ecological Consultant will be carrying out walkover surveys for pre and post maintenance works for a representative number of the sites and OPW Management will be required to facilitate the same. OPW Management Staff will issue the relevant completed Assessments directly to the NPWS District Conservation Officer.In addition, Environment Section will issue all of the Assessments to the Development Applications Unit, DEHLG, Dun Sceine, Harcourt Lane, Dublin 2. Preferably for the Assessments to be forwarded to the DCO as soon as it is completed, but in any case with a minimum of three weeks notice before commencement of the works. Management Staff to implement all prescribed mitigating measures and ensure that Operational Staff are made aware of all relevant site specific mitigating measures.
Current version of Designated Sites GIS Layers available on Socialtext
Environmental River Enhancement Programme (EREP) After reviewing the draft Annual Works Programme, IFI EREP team will revert to the respective Regional Engineers Office and request follow up meetings as required to discuss aspects of the programme in relation to the EREP. Enhancement sites require ground truthing to ensure they are technically feasible as envisaged. This is to be coordinated by the IFI EREP team with local IFI and OPW personnel as required. Sites shortlisted by IFI EREP team for Capital Enhancement works are emanating from a screening process of technical feasibility in terms of gradient and water quality. In the future, sites selected will increasingly be resulting from other requirements such as the Water Framework Directive Programme Of Measures under Morphology. IFI EREP team in consultation with the local IFI and OPW, will prioritise sites on a basis of best return for investment. IFI EREP team will liaise with the Regional Offices to assist in identifying channels deemed suitable for capital enhancement which should be integrated with the following years work programme. In some cases, a situation may arise where the site selected is not overlapping with the current Annual Works Programme but where feasible and subject to any third party agreement, OPW will accommodate these works. Similarly for enhanced maintenance works, IFI EREP team in consultation with the local IFI and OPW, will select sites again that are technically feasible and offer best return for investment. These sites will normally be from channels on the current Annual Works Programme. IFI EREP team will coordinate all the scientific monitoring works, provide the enhancement design details and guidance to OPW Management Staff and maintain a reasonable level of site supervision, proportional to the complexity of the works and the experience of the OPW Staff involved. Consultations with local IFI through the Interim Stakeholder meetings are encouraged to identify sites suitable for Enhancement works and in some cases the local IFI may also be in a position to produce an enhancement design. All enhancement designs and works are to be coordinated through the IFI EREP team to facilitate formal recording into the national EREP project and allow for biodiversity and/or hydromorphology monitoring if required. Local IFI may coordinate with IFI EREP team or alternatively OPW Regional Staff coordinate directly with the EREP team. A small portion of channels have more infrequent maintenance cycles and these cases can offer particularly good opportunities for enhanced maintenance type works. Channels programmed where maintenance works have not being carried out for in excess of 10 years, to be flagged to IFI EREP team for possible Walkover Surveys and guidance on appropriate EDM procedures. Management Staff to ensure that as far as practical, all Operational crews have an opportunity to get experience on these projects. Each Regional Engineer is to make provision in the Annual Works Programme for Plant & Labour resources in addition to provisions in the Annual Budget for materials subject to expenditure constraints. Typical resources are as follows:
Capital Enhancement Region Target Capital Machine ManWeeks (Km) Costs Weeks East Region 20 €200,000 30 60 South West Region 14 €140,000 21 42 West Region 16 €160,000 24 48
50 €500,000 75 150
Enhanced Maintenance (in conjunction with routine maintenance) Region Target Capital Machine ManWeeks (Km) Costs Weeks East Region 20 15 0 South West Region 14 11 0 West Region 16 12 0
50 38 0
Progress targets for EREP to be shown on monthly production reports. OPW are the primary contact point for liaison with landowners including the organising of access and egress for machinery and materials. Brochures on EREP are available in all Regional Offices. Additional copies can be obtained through OPW Environment Section. Management Staff are encouraged to maximise the use of all available on-site materials such as stone from historical spoil heaps as opposed to importing materials at a higher cost. In addition, Management Staff are encouraged to maximise synergies with other funding sources such as Fisheries Development grants attained by local Angling Clubs which could combine with OPW plant and labour to supply materials. In all cases, Inland Fisheries Ireland are the statutory authority to give design guidance to OPW. Angling Clubs or other sectoral funding sources to liaise with the Fisheries authorities in respect of all design and environmental monitoring requirements. As-Built plans are to be completed by the IFI EREP team for all enhancement works. This will entail a site visit by IFI and relevant OPW Staff where requested. These will be retained by IFI as well as any relevant design information. IFI EREP team will forward a copy of the As-Built plans to Environment Section who will upload the same to Socialtext for access to the information by all Staff. At the end of the year, IFI EREP team will forward Environment Section a GIS layer of that year's works for uploading to OPWs GIS records.
Current version of Enhancement GIS Layer available on Socialtext
NATIONAL RECORDING PROCESS Weekly Record Cards can contain information on Lamprey, Crayfish, Kingfisher, Mussels, Otter and other site specific environmental information as arises. Environmental information on Cards will be recorded onto the Records Database by each Drainage office. The latest Records Database has been revised to integrate environmental records. On an interim basis, a copy of all Cards with environmental information to be copied and forwarded to Environment Section by each Drainage Office. This is to allow Environment Section to review the detail of information being recorded, feedback to the Operational crews through the Management Staff and attain a national consistency in the style of information being recorded. All relevant information to be uploaded to GIS by Environment Section. All other relevant environmental information sourced by Management Staff whether from direct observations or through stakeholder consultations, should be entered into the Records Database. Relevant environmental information sourced through the EREP project and related research will be forwarded by IFI EREP team to Environment Section directly for centralised GIS uploading. On an annual basis, Environment Section will compile an update of Weekly Records Cards species records and make available to all Staff via Socialtext to assist in tracking progress. On an ongoing basis, Environment Section will make available the various OPW compiled species records to other authorities to assist in contributing to any appropriate national conservation knowledge. As described above, each drainage office will upload onto the Records Database all environmental information from the Weekly Record Cards and all other broader environmental information attained by Management Staff. Within a few years, it's envisaged that multiple regional Staff will be able to use the new Records Database, and then environmental information from all sources will be uploaded directly by a whole host of Staff. Typically this will include any mitigating agreements for particular channels agreed with stakeholders or any other individuals observation such as protected species presence noted during a separate site visit.
SALMONIDS As far as practicable, the maintenance works are to be scheduled to accommodate salmonid (Salmon & Trout) spawning areas, as is in place across all regions for many years. This is a widespread measure on many catchments and is most applicable to medium gradient channels with gravel substrate. Prior to works commencing, consult with local IFI. Ideally, consultations to be conducted through Interim Stakeholder Meetings or alternatively, direct contact in respect of the specific site. Maintenance operations on salmonid spawning beds typically carried out between July and September but timing subject to adjustment due to local knowledge of IFI. Raking of spawning gravels to improve spawning capacity also typically carried out between July and September. River enhancement works to enhance both the fisheries and the broader ecology of the drainage channel are covered under the EREP project. In the future, as the extent of completed enhancement works increases, there is a risk of damage to structures due to future maintenance. All channels scheduled for maintenance to be checked against GIS records for presence of previous enhancement works. Where a presence is indicated, carry out a site visit as appropriate and in consultation with IFI , devise on-site procedures to protect or enhance existing instream structures.
Current version of Enhancements & Spawning GIS Layers available on Socialtext.
LAMPREY (BROOK, RIVER & SEA) & CRAYFISH All channels scheduled for maintenance to be checked against GIS records for presence of Lamprey or Crayfish. In accordance with the SOPs, Operational Staff will closely observe the spoil three times daily and report to the Foreman any Lamprey or Crayfish located. Mitigating procedures to apply when: ◦ GIS records indicate species presence, or ◦ Operational Staff locate Lamprey or Crayfish during operations, or ◦ Where particularly suitable habitat is identified by an environmental stakeholder. If significant populations are encountered, notify IFI EREP team and facilitate scientific studies if site deemed suitable by IFI. If significant populations are encountered, notify NPWS Ranger and local IFI Officer and conduct site visit as necessary. Combination of Mitigating Measures to be selected as applicable to the site while balancing the Flood Risk Management requirements and a sustainable approach to the conservation of Lamprey and/or Crayfish. Identify extent of channel applicable and the mitigating measures to apply. Inform Operational Staff of mitigating requirements.
Suite of relevant Mitigating Measures as follows:
On site measures Skip sections to retain intact habitat either in one long reach or multiple short reaches. Maintenance in an upstream direction to avoid secondary disturbance of a species moving downstream. Balance with the advantage of maintenance in a downstream direction where instream vegetation minimises siltation. Confine maintenance to 2/3 of channel width leaving marginal vegetation and silt intact. Maximise use of weed cutting bucket particularly where aquatic vegetation removal is the primary objective. This is effective for Lamprey juveniles as they are in the silt. For Crayfish, cutting of “Flaggers” type vegetation is effective but cutting of “water celery” mat type vegetation is less effective as it can result in Crayfish being removed within the weed mass.
Forward planning measures Annual maintenance of the channel in shorter segments sequentially completing the same over a number of years. Balance with maintaining reasonably operational efficiency in terms of machinery moving, transport, access and egress. Longer time periods between maintenance cycles e.g. move from 4-6 years to 7 to 8 years. Balance with overall river ecology as longer maintenance cycles will lead to more heavy- scale works. Timing of maintenance to accommodate Lamprey spawning. Stakeholder consultations between OPW and local IFI for salmomid mitigating purposes, to include consideration of Lamprey spawning. This is to be applied to channels where Lamprey spawning habitat is known as informed by IFI or other stakeholder. For River & Brook Lamprey, no works on relevant spawning channel from end March to start of June subject to adjustment due to local knowledge of IFI. For Sea Lamprey, as they spawn during the summer months, restrictions from late April to early July are required. To be applied to channels where Sea Lamprey spawning is known as informed by IFI or other stakeholder and timing subject to adjustment due to local knowledge of IFI. Note that Sea Lamprey are much less widespread so envisaged that the scale of this mitigation will be very limited. Loosening spawning bed gravels. Stakeholder consultations between OPW and IFI for salmonid gravel loosening purposes, now to include consideration of Lamprey spawning as above. Enhance channel profile such as skewed cross section and promote deposition of silt along margins. Integrate with IFI discussions on planning the EREP to avail of enhancement opportunities particularly for channels where Lamprey or Crayfish presence is recorded. Modification of OPW structures which impede upstream migration. Identification of weirs as barriers to be as informed by IFI or other stakeholder. Where modification designs required, liaison with IFI EREP team to integrate the improvement works into the EREP project. Identification of a bridge apron step attained through ongoing site inspections by OPW Management Staff or other stakeholder. In consultation with IFI, steps at bridges to be modified by a rock armour type ramp or similar. Envisaged that these measures will be of a limited scale on drained channels.
GIS Records: Where Lamprey or Crayfish are discovered, Operational Staff will have recorded the same on the Weekly Record Cards. Cards with species location information will be uploaded to the Records Database as stated in the National Recording Process. All new Lamprey spawning location information attained through stakeholder consultation to be recorded on the Records Database in accordance with the National Recording Process. All database records of species location will be uploaded to GIS by Environment Section. IFI EREP team conducting ongoing research on Lamprey & Crayfish as a component of the EREP works. Scientific data calculating species density for some sites will be developed and to be supplied by IFI to OPW and uploaded to GIS by Environment Section.
Current version of relevant SOPs: V2 April 2009 Current version of relevant GIS Layers available on Socialtext.
OTTER Research to date indicates that Otters are widespread across all sizes of drainage channels nationally, hence it is prudent to assume that Otter use any particular site. In accordance with the Otter SOP, Operational Staff will walkover the works area one week in advance in conjunction with the Health & Safety assessment noting dense cover with access directly to the water that is to be avoided where feasible. In addition, any recognisable signs of Otter presence observed such as Spraints, Footprints or suspected Holts, will be recorded on the Weekly Record Cards. These signs were identified in Otter Awareness Training carried out across all regions in 2008. While holts are usually well concealed, where Operational Staff observe a suspected holt such as a burrow opening, in consultation with Management Staff, subject to flood risk management functions, no works to within a 50m buffer each side.
Bridge mammal crossing enhancement As a component of ongoing consultations with NPWS and other stakeholders, evidence may arise from time to time as to a particular spot for Otter road kill. Typically this can arise where the Otter always traverses the roadway as opposed to going through the bridge. While this scenario is not known to be a widespread issue in Ireland, the highest risk locations are on the National Primary Roads which have the heaviest traffic volumes. There are 170 National Primary Road bridges on OPW channels as listed in the table referenced below and Management Staff are to have particular regard to these locations if evidence arises on a possible road kill “hot spot”. Enhancement works will typically take the form of a bolt-on wildlife ledge or similar. Design and configuration is to carried out in consultation with NPWS and relevant Local Authority. On an annual basis, Environment Section will review the national website www.biology.ie which records Otter road kill reports from the public. Any road kill location which overlaps with an OPW channel will be flagged by Environment Section to the relevant Management Staff. Current understanding is that Otter road kill is not a significant issue in Ireland. It's envisaged that while the justification for bridge mammal crossing works may arise for some scenarios, these measures will be of a limited scale on drained channels.
Current version of Otter SOP: V2 April 2009 Current version of National Primary Roads & OPW Bridges: March 2009
FRESHWATER PEARL MUSSEL GIS records from NPWS show the locations of the 91 known FWPM populations in Ireland. The following OPW channels have been identified as containing FWPM:
Channel Scheme Location Most Recent Record CH9 Corrib Headford Oughterard 2009 C1/21/3 Moy Approx 500yrds from outfall to into L. Cullin 2004 C1 Sect M&N Moy Ballygallagart 2004 C1/21/14 Moy Crossmolina 2008 C1 Dunmanway FRS d/s of the Long Bridge 2003 C1 Owvane Approx 1400 yrds from outfall 2002 C1 Feale d/s Listowel near Scartleigh cemetary 2006 **Owenaher Moy u/s of C1/54 1996 **Brown Flesk River Maine Trib of C1 Maine near Farranfore 1987 ** Galey River Feale Approx 1400yrds u/s of C1/18 near Ahavoher Br. 1950 **River Liffey Ryewater (Lucan) Approx 3.5km d/s C1 Ryewater outfall 1894 ** Although not on OPW channels - these channels may or may not contain populations of FWPM. Works in the vicinity which could impact on a possible population need to be considered in close consultation with local NPWS knowledge.
While highly unlikely to have instream works in a FWPM habitat, if a new population located by Operational Staff during operations, works to cease. Notify NPWS and in consultation with NPWS, area to be skipped or non in-stream works carried out as agreed for the specific site. For operations in the vicinity of known populations, mitigating procedures to apply: Consult with NPWS and local IFI and conduct site visit as necessary. ◦ Typically only selective non in-stream works adjoining the population. ◦ Works such as removal of a fallen tree is to be completed by lifting clear of the channel to minimise any channel bed disturbance due to the branches being dragged. ◦ Assess need for silt management procedures for works upstream of the population and implement in consultation with NPWS.
Current version of relevant SOPs: V2 April 2009 Current version of FWPM GIS Layer available on Socialtext.
SWAN & DUCK MUSSELS Swan and Duck Mussels are not strictly a protected species, however they are of conservation interest. Both species are similar in appearance and habitat requirements and distinguishing between them is not necessary unless local environmental stakeholders can identify the exact species. As the Mussel SOP, if Operational Staff locate the same, Management Staff will be notified. Where significant populations are encountered notify NPWS Ranger and local IFI Officer, and where they are interested in visiting the site, facilitate a site visit as necessary. Identify extent of channel applicable and the mitigating measures to apply. Typical Mitigating Measures include: ◦ Operational Staff to observe spoil and return any Mussels to the channel whom are expected to recolonise the channel bed. ◦ Maximise use of weed cutting bucket particularly where aquatic vegetation removal is the primary objective. ◦ Skip sections to retain intact habitat either in one long reach or multiple short reaches. ◦ Confine maintenance to 2/3 of channel width leaving marginal vegetation and silt intact. Record species presence on the Weekly Record Cards which will be recorded on the Records Database.
Current version of relevant SOPs: V2 April 2009
KINGFISHER Avoid disturbing nesting sites in banks. Visual sightings of Kingfisher by Operational Staff to be recorded on the Weekly Record Cards. Sightings by Management Staff to be recorded on the Weekly Record Cards where works in progress or on other occasions, record by separate map or channel reference format. All sightings to be recorded on the Records Database in accordance with the National Recording Process. All database records of species location will be uploaded to GIS by Environment Section. On an annual basis, Environment Section will issue the records to Birdwatch Ireland whom will add to the national Kingfisher database.
Current version of Kingfisher GIS Layer available on Socialtext.
BIRDS Removal of any abnormally dense layer of vegetation is to be executed between September and February (inclusive) to minimise impacts on nesting birds unless there are other overriding requirements such as Health & Safety. For SPAs containing important over-wintering bird populations, in consultation with the NPWS, regard to be given to timing or phasing of the works to minimise potential disturbance.
BATS While the removal of large mature trees is not typically a requirement of maintenance works, where the case arises, in consultation with NPWS, regard to be given to the likelihood of bat roosting habitat. Typical mitigating measure would be to leave tree in fallen position for 24hrs to allow any bats vacate. Masonry bridges offer niches and crevices suitable for bat roosts and where masonry bridges are scheduled for maintenance works, regard to be given to the likelihood of bat roosting habitat. Typical maintenance works at low level such as wing wall repair or underpinning foundations have limited potential to impact on bat roosts. Where the case arises that repair works are to be above the high water level such as the upper arch, in consultation with NPWS, assess the potential for the works impacting on bat roosts. Typical mitigating measure would be to contract a bat specialist to survey for bat presence before works commence, to avoid entombment of any bats.
WETLANDS - BOGS, FENS & TURLOUGHS All channels scheduled for maintenance which overlap SAC designations to be checked against the list of channels that impinge on Raised Bog, Fen habitat or Turloughs and have regard to any NPWS agreements noted *. OPW Management Staff to consult with NPWS for expert opinion as to any evidence of ongoing ecological decline of the Bog, Fen or Turlough and judgement on, if the drainage datum set by the Drainage Scheme and its maintenance is an ongoing contributing factor by affecting the hydrological regime of the same. Where a likely impact is identified, conduct site visit as necessary and in consultation with NPWS, mitigating measures to be selected such as: Skipping the channel in question while taking cognisance of the flood risk management requirements. Maximise use of weed cutting bucket particularly where aquatic vegetation removal is the primary objective. Inspection by OPW line management to assess the possibility of over digging the channel below the original design datum. Presence of an existing water level control such as a bridge floor to be established and alternative reference datum to be installed if deemed warranted.
* Environment Section currently developing a list of channels which overlap with Raised Bog, Fen habitat and Turloughs within SACs. Channels that are subject to a previous NPWS agreement /understanding of the extent of maintenance will be recorded.
Current version of Wetlands channels list available on Socialtext.
INVASIVE SPECIES – PLANTS Multiple invasive plant species are widespread nationally as described in the SOP and prudent to assume that one or more of these plants can be present on any works site. At present the OPW does not have any direct responsibility for the management of Invasive species. However to ensure OPW operations are not a vector for these invasives, measures are required to reduce the risk of spread. Ensure machine washing equipment transported to site for all appropriate machinery movements as described in the Invasive Species SOP. Ongoing EDM site audits by Environment Section will include confirmation that machine washing was executed in accordance with the SOP for the last applicable machine transfer. In some cases, OPW will assist other authorities in the control of invasive species. In these projects, the works are typically carried out in partnership between a number of authorities such as IFI, NPWS and relevant Local Authority. As scenarios arise where OPW are requested to assist in an invasive species control project, Management Staff are encouraged to support the multi-authority partnership model which will maximise resource efficiencies for all parties while still achieving a broader environmental good.
Current version of relevant SOP: V2 March 2009
INVASIVE SPECIES – ZEBRA MUSSEL Zebra Mussels are present in the River Shannon, Grand Canal and are in many lakes such as L Derg, L Ree, L Garra, L Key, L Derragh, Derravaragh, L Sheelin and L Corrib. This species is spreading and it is prudent to assume that works in any large sluggish river or near a lake has potential to contain Zebra Mussel. For any proposed works in the vicinity of potential Zebra Mussel waters, flag for Operational Staff and ensure particular attention to cleaning procedures for all equipment prior to removal from site. Any new location of Zebra Mussel uncovered during operations, notify NPWS and IFI for their information. Record on Weekly Record Sheet which will be uploaded on the Records Database in accordance with the National Recording Process. On an annual basis, Environment Section will collate the records nationally and issue to any relevant authorities to assist in tracking the species spread.
Current version of relevant SOP: V2 May 2009
TREE MANAGEMENT A small portion of channels have more infrequent maintenance cycles typically where self cleaning gradients are present. These sites can entail abnormally dense tree cover which may be required to be managed for conveyance or fisheries purposes. Removal of any abnormally dense layer of vegetation is to be executed between September and February (inclusive) to minimise impacts on nesting birds unless there are other overriding requirements. IFI requests to reduce “tunnelling” on drainage channels to be accomodated where feasible. OPW Management Staff to facilitate a site visit with the IFI Officer as required and devise a selective approach to the tree removal so as to retain a dappling of shade along the channel length. Excess woody vegetation to be collected and utilised by the following in order of preference: ◦ Reused by adjoining landowner for domestic firewood. ◦ Subject to landowners agreement, stockpile excess to form natural cover and niche habitat, preferably with some connection of cover to the channel e.g. along a hedge leading to the water. ◦ Shred and spread along the adjoining top of bank allowing the material to degrade rapidly and recolonisation of the underlying vegetation.
ENVIRONMENTAL DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE (EDM) GUIDELINES A portion of operational crews will be audited annually for implementation of the EDM Guidelines and other standard environmental procedures as adopted. Auditing will be carried out separately by both IFI and OPW Environment Section on a rotational basis to ensure all operational crews are audited at least once every three years. Audit results will be recorded on a standard format with the following feedback: ◦ All audit results will be forwarded to the relevant Engineer for that Drainage Scheme within two working weeks. ◦ In the event of an audit showing elements of unreasonable non-compliance with procedures, the relevant Engineer will be notified within one working day. ◦ Audit results will be forwarded to OPW Systems Co-ordinator for inclusion in monthly regional benchmarking reports. ◦ IFI EREP team will compile an overall summary of their findings in their end of year report under the EREP project. Design for Enhanced Maintenance works under EREP will include a design element for full scale implementation of the EDM Guidelines such as Boulder Replacement and Excavating Pools. Management Staff to ensure that as far as practical, all Operational crews have an opportunity to get experience on these projects.
Current version of EDM Guidelines: April 2011 Current version EDM Audit Sheet: April 2011 PART II – DEPOT MANAGEMENT
DEPOT WASTE MANAGEMENT
12 Waste Management Plans are available on Socialtext covering the 12 Drainage Offices. Environment Section will review 2 plans per annum and audit implementation. Updated Plans together with an overview of findings will be forwarded to the relevant Coordinator and uploaded to Socialtext.
FUTURE REVISIONS
Envisaged that this set of Protocols will be a fluid document and will be periodically updated as procedures are revised or new procedures introduced. In addition, to be used as a framework document for quality control purposes to reference the latest versions of all supporting information.
Inland Fisheries Ireland March 2011
IFI Region Director Address Telephone Region/Scheme IFI Blackrock William Walsh 15a Main Street 01 2787022 East: Glyde & Blackrock Co. Dee, Boyne, Dublin Blackwater, Bally-Teigue IFI Ballina John Connelly Ardnaree House 096 22788 West: Moy, Bonet Abbey Street Ballina Co. Mayo IFI Ballyshannon Dr. Milton Station Road 071 9851435 West: Donegal Matthews, Ballyshannon Co. schemes, Kilcoo, Donegal Duff IFI Limerick Sean Ryan Ashbourne 061 300238 East: Inny, Brosna Business Park West: Boyle, Dock Road Ballyglass Limerick South: Killimor, Carrighahorig, Nenagh, Groody, Maigue, Deel, Feale IFI Macroom Dr. Patrick Buck Sunnyside House, 026 41221 South: Maine, Macroom Co. Owvane Cork IFI Clonmel Suzanne Campion Anglesea Street 052 80055 East: Brickey Clonmel Co. Tipperary IFI Galway Amanda Mooney The Weir Lodge 091 563118 West: Corrib Earl's Island Headford, Mask, Galway IFI Dr. Ciaran Byrne Unit 4 Swords 01 8842600 All Business Campus Balheary Rd Swords Co. Dublin
EREP Project Dr. Karen Unit 4 Swords 01 8842624 All Manager Delanty Business Campus Balheary Rd Swords Co. Dublin
(Note: Completed flood relief schemes are not listed but proposed works should be discussed with the relevant local IFI) OPW Bridges (numbering 170) intersecting National Primary Roads.
Scheme Channel ID Bridge No. National Route type Bridge Name Glyde and Dee C2 (7C) B80 N01 Glyde and Dee C2 (7E1) B839 N01 Glyde and Dee C2 (7E1) B840 N01 Broadmeadow and Ward C2/1 B230 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C2/1 B239 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C2 B204 N02 Coolatrath br. Broadmeadow and Ward C2/3 B243 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C1/6/1 B86 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C1/6/1/1 B96 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C1/6 B68 N02 Broadmeadow and Ward C1 B16 N02 Boyne C1 B4 N02 Slane br. Glyde and Dee C2 (7H) B101A N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (17) B179 N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (14B) B118 N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (14) B867 N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (1) B30 N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (13) B111 N02 Glyde and Dee C2 (16B4) N02 Glyde and Dee C1 (1) B15 N02 Aclint Br Glyde and Dee C29 (2) B441 N02 Glyde and Dee C29 (3) B443 N02 Glyde and Dee C25 (8) B341 N02 Glyde and Dee C25 (7D1) B672 N02 Monaghan Blackwater C1/1/5 B7 N02 Monaghan Blackwater C1/1/5/6/1 B1 N02 Monaghan Blackwater C1/3/5/2 B8 N02 Monaghan Blackwater C1/3/6/3 B1 N02 Hoaf Br Boyne C1/8/24 BX1 N03 Boyne C1/8/23 B733 N03 Boyne C1/8/21 B723 N03 Boyne C1/8/16 B644 N03 Boyne C1/8 B126 N03 Clavens Br Boyne C1/8/8 B294 N03 Boyne C1/12/1 B875 N03 Dillon's Br Boyne C1/12/7 B915 N03 Owenmore Behy Bridge BX1 N04 Boyle C6/7/5 B2 N05 Ballanagare Br Boyle C6/7/1/4 B2 N05 Boyle C6/7/1 B3 N05 Cloonshanville Br Boyle C1/3/2/1 B4 N05 Boyle C1/9/1 B1 N05 Boyle C1 B4 N05 Old Lung Bridge Boyle C1/8 B1 N05 New Lung Bridge Boyle C1/45 B8 N05 Moy C1/31/2 B3 N05 Moy C1/31 B4 N05 Moy Not on a channel B2 N05 Trimoge Moy Not on a channel B2 N05 Moy Not on a channel B1 N05 Moy C1/30/3/1 B1 N05 Moy C1/28/2 B3 N05 Moy C1/28/1 B4 N05 Moy C1/25 B6 N05 Moy C1/23/3 B2 N05 Moy C1/23 B9 N05 Moy Not on a channel B1 N05 Moy C1/21/1/5/2/2 B3 N05 Moy C1/21/1/5/2/11 B2 N05 Moy C1/21/1/5/1/15 B1 N05 Moy C1/21/1/5/2/18 B1 N05 Moy C1/21/1/5/2/19 B2 N05 Moy C1/21/2/5/2/20/4 B1 N05 Boyle C1/44/15 B2976 N06 Boyle C1/44/17 B2984 N06 Boyle C1/64/1/11/6 B3337 N06 Boyle C1/64/1/11 B3303 N06 Miltownpass Br. Boyle C1/64/1/11/4 B3319 N06 Boyle C1/64/1/11/4/2 B3331 N06 Boyle C1/64/1/13/2 B3330 N06 Boyle C1/64/1/13 B3372 N06 Rochfort Br. Boyle C1/64/1/13/4 B3384 N06 Brosna C27 (1) B150 N06 Brosna C1 (1) B11 N06 Kilbeggan Br. Brosna C17 (1) B143 N06 Brosna C17 (SE) B726 N06 Brosna C17 (5) B138 N06 New Br Brosna C17 (4) B135 N06 Corrib Clare C1 B3 N06 Quincentennial Br. Nenagh C1/9 B23 N07 Ollatrim Br Nenagh C1/9/24 B4 N07 Monaghan Blackwater C1/1/6/1 B11 N12 Tyholland Br Blanket Nook C1/3 B23 N13 Swilly embankments E9 B1 N14 Swilly embankments C1/5 B9 N14 Deele and Swillyburn C1 B6 N14 Deele and Swillyburn C1/11 B19 N14 Deele and Swillyburn C2 B20 N14 Abbey C1/4 B39 N15 Abbey C1/4 B31 N15 Abbey C1/3A B30B N15 Abbey C1/2 B21 - B23 N15 Abbey C1/1 B18 N15 Duff C1 B1 N15 Bonet C1/12/3 B1 N16 Bonet C1/12 B5 N16 Bonet C1/12 B4 N16 Bonet C1/12 B2 N16 Bonet C1 B5 N16 Bonet C1/13/2 B1 N16 Bonet C1/13 B1 N16 Moy C1/50/2 B3 N17 Moy C1/50 B4 N17 Moy C1/48/3 B2 N17 Moy C1/48 B3 N17 Moy C1/45/4 B2 N17 Moy C1/45 B13 N17 Moy C1/30/5/9 B3 N17 Moy C1/30/5/9 B15 N17 Corrib Mask CM4/43/4 B2 N17 Corrib Mask CM4/34 B10 N17 Corrib Mask CM4/34/2 B2 N17 Corrib Clare C3/30 B8 N17 Corrib Clare C3/30/4 B1 N17 Corrib Clare C3/26 B2 N17 Corrib Clare C3/26/9 B1 N17 Corrib Clare C3/26/1 B3 N17 Corrib Clare C3/12/2 B1 N17 Corrib Clare C3 B14 N17 Corrib Clare C3 B2 N17 Claregalway bridge Fergus D7 B3 N18 Owenagarney C2 B1 N18 Owenagarney C4 B3 N18 Coonagh Embankments C10 B9 N18 Coonagh Embankments D13 B113 N18 Coonagh Embankments B1 N18 Maigue C1/36 B1 N20 Helena's br. Maigue C1/37/1 B3 N20 Maigue C1/37 B1 N20 Maigue C1 B23 N20 Creggane br. Maigue C1/33 B1 N20 Cappanafaha br. Maigue C1/30 B2 N20 Ballynabanoge br Maigue C1/26 B1 N20 Maigue C1/15 B10 N20 Maigue C1/10/5 B3 N20 Maine C1/28 BX1 N21 Maine C1/34 B117 N21 Maine C1/35 BX2 N21 Deel SR C12/2/2 B125 N21 Deel SR C12/2/2/2 B127 N21 Deel SR C12/2/1 B123 N21 Deel SR C10 B95 N21 Ballyfraley br. Deel SR C8 B76 N21 Reens br. Maigue C1/17/10 B1 N21 Maigue C1/17/8 B2 N21 Maigue C1/17/5 B1 N21 Maigue C1 B1 N21 Adare br. Maigue C1/15 B5 N21 Maine C1 B3 N22 Maine br. Maine C1/32 B110 N23 Dysert br. Maine C1/33 B114 N23 Killfinnaun br. Maine C1 B9 N23 Herbert br. Groody C1/4 B29 N24 Groody C1 B4 N24 Groody C1/7 B53 N24 Groody C1/9 B56 N24 Moy C1/9/1 B1 N26 Moy C1/9 B2 N26 Moy F/282 B N26 Moy C1/14 B1 N26 Moy RIVER B3 N26 Moy C1/37 B1 N26 Moy C1/38 B1 N26 Moy RIVER B2 N26 Cloongullaun br. Moy C1/39 B3 N26 Moy C1/39 B6 N26 Moy C1/39 B9 N26 Moy C1/39/3 B1 N26
Otter Wildlife Passes and OPW Drainage Channels
• It has been brought to the attention of the OPW that there may be a need for small mammal passes on some of the maintained channels.
• The National roads constitute less than 6 percent of roads in this country, approx. 3 National Primary and 3 percent National Secondary. In spite of this they a carry over 42 percent of the traffic. It is for this reason that the focus will be on the National Primary road crossings.
• The national road kill survey was analysed and the data from the web site “www.biology.ie” was cross-referenced against OPW channel locations and the results were inconclusive, as the web page is not widely used. It appears for now that OPW channel road crossings have no affect on the deaths of otters as per this information.
Next Steps: 1) Consult NPWS throughout all regions to review any evidence of otter road kills on National Primary roads or are they aware of any other such road deaths. 1. Where there appears to be mammal deaths on National Primary roads that intersect OPW channels it will be seriously considered to install in the bridge (where possible) a small mammal pass to allow ease of access for otters.
Otter Habitat Disruption • Otters, along with their breeding and resting places, are protected under the provisions of the Wildlife Act, 1976, as amended by the Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000. They are also included in Annex I and Annex IV of the Habitats Directive, which is transposed into Irish Law in the European Com- munities (Natural Habitats) Regulations (S.I. 94 of 1997), as amended.
Otter Pass Details • Mammal Ledges and underpasses should be constructed parallel to the watercourse. • Underpasses should be of a diameter of 600mm up to a length of 20m. Where lengths exceed this the pipe should be increased to 900mm diameter • An underpass should be no more than 50m of the watercourse with channels or fencing guiding the animals to it.
Where there is sufficient space under the bridge for a ledge the following should be provided: • Fencing: See “figure 1; Specification for Mammal Resistant Fencing” in the NRA, National Roads Au- thority, Guidelines for the Treatment of Otters Prior to the Construction of National Road Schemes, for more detail. Also, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, DMRB Volume 10, Section 1, Part 5, Chapter 9. • A bolt on ledge can be used under a bridge where there is no dry passage. The bolt on ledge should provide otters with a dry walkway of between 300mm and 450mm wide, constructed from 4.5mm Durbar patterned galvanised plate. • At some sites, considerations of responsibility, cost, aesthetics or practicality might indicate the use of a solid ledge; this is most likely where an existing otter-ledge has proved to be sited too low to of- fer dry passage at spate conditions. A solid ledge can be created in 3 ways; concrete bagging, shut- tering plus new concrete and concrete blocks. • See (OPW, 2007), (DMRB, 2001) and (NRA 2006) for further Details
References • NRA (2006) – National Roads Authority, Guidelines for the Treatment of Otters Prior to the Construc- tion of National Road Schemes. • NRA (2005) – National Roads Authority, Guidelines for the Crossing of Watercourses During the Construction Of National Road Schemes. • OPW (2007) – Series of Ecological Assessments on Arterial Drainage Maintenance No. 4, Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) of the Effects of Statutory Arterial Drainage Maintenance Activities on the Otter (Lutra lutra). • OPW (2006) – Screening of Natura 2000 Sites for Impacts of Arterial Drainage Maintenance Opera- tions. Environment Section, Engineering Services, Office of Public Works. • DMRB (2001) - Design manual for roads and bridges (DMRB). Volume 10, Section 4 Environmental Design and Management Nature Conservation. Part 4 HA 81/99 Nature conservation advice in relation to otters. Section 1, Part 9 HA 81/99.
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 4.1
MGE0262Rp0012
7th June 2011
Dr Bernadette Ní Chatháin, RPS Group, Lyrr Building, IDA Business & Technology Park, Mervue, Galway
Your Ref: MGE0262LT004 Our Ref: G2011/214 Re: Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme œ Environmental Consultancy Services
A Chara,
I refer to your correspondence of 11th May 2011 regarding the proposed Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme. Outlined below are the nature conservation recommendations of the Department. A list of relevant guidance and circulars is included in Appendix 1 and these should be taken into account and followed as appropriate, in addition to the OPW‘s own assessment reports for various ecological receptors.
Appropriate assessment The overall project and any advance elements will require appropriate assessment in line with Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive (see Appendix 1).
A Natura Impact Statement (NIS) or appropriate assessment screening report should accompany each approval stage or application for consent. Screening will suffice only if it can be concluded, based on objective criteria and the necessary scientific evidence, that the project, alone and in combination with other plans and projects, poses no risks of having significant effects on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives.
The NIS should be relevant to the project in question, and should assess the likely significant effects in combination with those of other plans and projects, at each successive stage.
The appropriate assessment should focus on the likely impacts on Natura 2000 sites in view of their conservation objectives. The scope of the assessment will depend on the qualifying interests of the Natura 2000 site, and the details of the project at site preparation, construction and operation stages (see below). The following is an extract from the Departmental guidance: AA is a focused and detailed impact assessment of the implications of the plan or project, alone and in combination with other plans and projects, on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives. There is no prescribed method for undertaking AA, or form or content for reporting. Case law has established that assessments should be undertaken on the basis of the best scientific evidence and methods. Accordingly, data and information on the project and on the site and an analysis of potential effects on the site must be obtained and presented in a Natura Impact Statement (previously known as a Statement for Appropriate Assessment). Ecological specialists will be required to undertake the surveys, research and analysis, with input from other experts (e.g. hydrologists or engineers) as necessary to prepare the Natura Impact Statement.
Mitigation measures should be set out in detail, as necessary, to avoid any potential impacts. Details of specialist supervision and monitoring to ensure the proper and successful implementation of mitigation measures should also be specified.
The NIS should conclude with a clear statement on whether or not significant effects on the SAC in view of its conservation objectives will occur, taking the precautionary principle into account.
Natura 2000 sites The Natura 2000 sites, Lough Corrib cSAC (site code 000297) and Lough Corrib SPA (site code 004042), occur within the study area. Information about these sites, including location, site synopses, Natura 2000 standard data forms and qualifying interests/special conservation interests, is available from www.npws.ie.
SACs have been selected for the conservation of a range of Habitats Directive Annex I habitats and Annex II species. These are the qualifying interests for the site from which the conservation objectives are derived. The latter include i) maintaining or restoring the area and structure and function of relevant Annex I habitats, and populations of typical species of these habitats, and ii) maintaining or restoring the population and range of Annex II species, and their habitats. Structure and function include water quality and hydrological regime.
SPAs have been selected for the conservation of a range of Birds Directive Annex I species and regularly-occurring migratory species, and their habitats, particularly wetlands. The overarching conservation objective for each SPA is to ensure that target bird populations (i.e. the special conservation interests) and their habitats are maintained at, or restored to favourable conservation condition. This includes, as an integral part, the need to avoid deterioration of habitats and significant disturbance such that site integrity is maintained. The long term population trend for each relevant species should be stable or increasing.
EIS or other assessment It should be noted that appropriate assessment (including screening) is specifically intended to determine the likely significant effects on Natura 2000 sites in view of their conservation objectives, and to ensure that no plan or project that would have adverse effects on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site is approved or adopted (unless in exceptional circumstances where the requirements of Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive can be met). Appropriate assessment does not deal with all significant ecological issues of relevance to proper planning and sustainable development, nor does it address all legal requirements in relation to the conservation and protection of ecological sites, habitats and species.
An EIS or other ecological assessment will be required to determine the potential effects on: ° Nature conservation sites not covered above, including Kiltullagh Turlough proposed NHA (site code 287) ° Species of flora and fauna that are strictly protected under wildlife legislation œ see NPWS Circular Letter 2/07 ° ”Protected species and natural habitats‘, as defined in the European Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) and European Communities (Environmental Liability) Regulations, 2008, including: o Birds Directive œ Annex I species and other regularly occurring migratory species, and their habitats (wherever they occur) o Habitats Directive œ Annex I habitats, Annex II species and their habitats, and Annex IV species and their breeding sites and resting places (wherever they occur) ° Other habitats of ecological value in a national or local context, e.g. other wetlands and woodlands ° Stepping stones and ecological corridors covered by Article 10 of the Habitats Directive.
The assessment should also inform the planning and design of the scheme, and the details of mitigation measures necessary. In line with the COST 341 guidelines1, —project planning and design should aim to avoid ecological damage first and foremost, especially for protected or sensitive habitats and/or species, before employing mitigation techniques. Compensatory measures should only be employed as a last resort where avoidance is impractical, and the mitigation measures are considered insufficient“.
The flora and fauna section of the EIS, or other ecological impact assessment, should include survey, description and evaluation of the following: ° Habitats of the receiving environment, including a habitat map of the site and surrounds with the footprint of the development and all works areas overlain. A standard scheme such as Fossitt2 (2000) should be used for habitat nomenclature. Any EU Habitats Directive Annex I habitats should be identified as such and should be clearly mapped, described and evaluated, including in terms of the vegetation communities, flora and fauna they support;
° Flora of the receiving environment, including any rare or protected species;
° Fauna that use the site and surrounding areas, including any rare or protected species.
The receiving environment should be defined to include all areas that may be impacted directly or indirectly by the proposed development. Cumulative impacts must also be taken into consideration. Impacts should be assessed on the basis of a full project description.
Project description All aspects of the project at site preparation (including advance works), construction and operation stages should be taken into account in undertaking assessments, whether occurring inside or outside nature conservation sites, or on a temporary or permanent basis, including: road access; site access; site clearance; works areas; development footprint (including temporary traffic management measures or diversions); construction methods; machinery involved; storage and disposal sites; emissions; water management; landscaping or reinstatement. Maintenance requirements should also be taken into account.
In combination projects The following plans and projects may give rise to in combination effects: Claregalway Local Area Plan 2005-2011; existing flood relief and flood prevention measures; new wastewater treatment plant (Cahergowan) (permitted); M17/N18 Gort to Tuam road (permitted); Claregalway riverside walkway (proposed); Claregalway bypass road (proposed).
Kindly forward any further information to the following address as soon as it issues:
The Manager, Development Applications Unit, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Newtown Road, Wexford
1 Trocmé, M. ed. (2002) COST 341. Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transport Infrastructure: The European Review. European Commission, Brussels. 2 Fossitt, J.A. (2000). A guide to habitats in Ireland. Heritage Council, Kilkenny. Alternatively, documentation associated with the above can be referred electronically to the DAU at the following address: [email protected]
In addition, please acknowledge receipt of these observations by return.
Is mise le meas,
David Tuohy, Development Applications Unit Tel: (053) 911 7380 E-mail: [email protected] Appendix 1 List of key guidance documents and relevant circulars
Appropriate assessment DoEHLG (2009) Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland: Guidance for Local Authorities (revision 10/02/10) (available from www.npws.ie) European Commission (2000) Managing Natura 2000 sites: the provisions of Article 6 of the ”Habitats‘ Directive 92/43/EEC European Commission (2002) Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC European Commission (2006) Nature and Biodiversity Cases. Ruling of the European Court of Justice European Commission (2007) Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the ”Habitats Directive‘ 92/43/EEC. Clarification of the concepts of: Alternative Solutions, Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest, Compensatory Measures, Overall Coherence, Opinion of the Commission
Departmental/NPWS Circulars (available from www.npws.ie) Circular NPWS 1/10 & PSSP 2/10: Appropriate Assessment under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive: guidance for Planning Authorities Circular Letter NPWS 2/07: Guidance on Compliance with Regulation 23 of the Habitats Regulations 1997 œ Strict Protection of Certain Species/Derogation Licences. Circular Letter PD 2/07 and NPWS 1/07: Compliance Conditions in respect of Developments requiring (1) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); or (2) having potential impacts on Natura 2000 sites Circular L8/08: Water Services Investment and Rural Water Programmes œ Protection of Natural Heritage and National Monuments
EIA EPA (2002) Guidelines on Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements EPA (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice (on the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) DoEHLG (2003) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidance for Consent Authorities regarding Sub-threshold Development
Flooding DoEHLG (2009) The Planning System and Flood Risk Management œ Guidelines for Planning Authorities [including Technical Appendices]
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 4.2
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Summary of Public Information Evening 8th June 2011
June 2011
MGE0262/1.3/CR0003
rpsgroup.com/ireland
Dunkellin River and Aggard Stream Flood Relief Scheme; Summary of Public Information Evening -17th May 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 2 PUBLIC INFORMATION EVENING ...... 1 3 ISSUES RAISED...... 3
MGE0262RP0002 i Rev. D01
1 INTRODUCTION
In May 2011 the Office of Public Works (the OPW) appointed RPS as environmental consultants for the Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme. The environmental outputs associated with the Scheme are set out in three distinct stages as follows:
Stage 1
- Environmental Constraints Report - Public Information Day
Stage 2
- Environmental Assessment of Viable Options - Screening for Appropriate Assessment
Stage 3
- Appropriate Assessment/Natura Impact Statement (if deemed necessary following Appropriate Assessment Screening). - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - Public Information Day
To date an Environmental Constraints Study was issued to the OPW on the 30th of May 2011 and a Public Information Evening was held by RPS on the 8th of June 2011. The purpose of the event was to offer interested parties the opportunity to give their views on how the Scheme should progress given the existing environmental constraints identified.
This event forms the first of two public consultation events which are required to be completed as part of the environmental services for the proposed Flood Relief Scheme. This document details the Public Information Evening and summarises the comments and concerns of those who attended this event.
2 PUBLIC INFORMATION EVENING
A public information evening was held on the 8th of June 2011 from 4pm to 7pm at the Claregalway Hotel, Claregalway, Co. Galway.
The event was advertised in the Galway Advertiser (2nd June) and Connacht Tribune (3rd June). A copy of the public notice that appeared in each paper is presented below. In addition the notice was announced on Galway Bay FM Radio from the 1st June to the 8th June several times throughout each day.
The format of the event was centred around the presentation of two separate information boards, one detailing the design and engineering aspects of the proposed Scheme and the other detailing the environmental constraints associated with the Scheme. (Refer to Image 1).
Attendees were requested to fill out an attendance log and were invited to fill out a comments sheet setting out their views and concerns regarding the Scheme.
Representatives from RPS’s environmental team and project design team were present for the duration of the event to explain and discuss the environmental and engineering elements of the Scheme respectively. Representatives from the OPW also attended the event.
1
Public Information Notice Connacht Tribune Public Information Notice Galway Advertiser 3rd June 2011 2nd June 2011
Image 1: Public Consultation Notice Boards
2
3 ISSUES RAISED
A total of 21 people signed the attendance log. However it was noted that not every attendee signed in and it is estimated that in excess of 30 people attended the information evening.
Sixteen comment sheets were filled out and returned on the evening. An e-mail was also received from an attendee on 9th June, 2011.
The feedback that resulted from the event was obtained through a combination of noted discussions and analysis of written comments received on the evening.
The following is a summary of the issues raised under key topics regarding the proposed scheme:
Lough Corrib/River Corrib
‹ Would like to see a further detailed study of the Corrib River and Lake, to include the sluice gates on the Corrib River,
‹ A study downstream of Claregalway Bridge should be undertaken where the Clare River enters 1) Lough Corrib, 2) the Corrib River and 3) the Salmon Weir Bridge,
‹ Silt at the mouth of the Clare River needs to be removed. The depth of the bed is up to 600 mm higher at the mouth compared to 1 km upstream, and this is causing a blockage,
‹ The sluice gates at the Salmon Weir have a huge influence on the water levels in the area and is it possible to have the gates open prior to heavy rain predictions?
‹ The widening and deepening of the river should start at the Corrib and work upstream from there,
Lack of Measures Downstream of Claregalway Bridge
‹ A number of people are concerned that the proposed measures upstream of Claregalway would make flooding downstream of Claregalway worse and particularly in the areas of Montiagh/Cloonbiggan,
‹ There is little in way of measures for downstream of Claregalway with the exception of some road raising measures,
‹ The only hope for the people downstream of Claregalway Bridge was the EU Floods Directive,
‹ The area between Curraghmore Bridge and Claregalway will become a reservoir during flooding.
‹ The Curraghline Road/N84 Headford Road acts as a dyke and holds back water causing escalation of flooding. The flood eye and other works should have been undertaken at Curraghmore Bridge but this was not within the remit of the Ryan Hanley reports. It was
3
commented that existing culverts were blocked as part of previous road raisings in this area and these should be reinstated.
‹ It was noted that during the November 2009 flood event that flood waters from the Clare River actually overflowed into a tributary of the Cregg River which prevented flood levels from rising further.
Montiagh Measures
‹ Locals have recorded a drop of flood waters in Montiagh of 75mm (3 inches) while at the same time, a recorded drop of 450 to 600 mm (18 to 24 inches) was noted at Crusheeny Bridge,
‹ A local farmer in the Montiagh South area has major concerns about the increasing risk of flooding to his house and outhouses. There was a serious risk of 40,000 gallons overflowing from his slatted shed during the flooding in November 2009. He has 18 neighbours with similar concerns, and access was only possible in 2009 by tractor. He would welcome a review of the proposed works,
‹ Measure 3a (Montiagh North/Cloonbiggan) – access road raising - will block the flow of water and lead to worse flooding with the potential for houses to be flooded as a result of the road raising.
‹ One resident stated he would be the most affected by measure 3a at (Montiagh North/Cloonbiggan) and requested to be contacted when works are being planned. Flood study report shows that this property would flood under the design flood condition,
‹ Autism West Ltd. residential centre at Gortnacloonmore noted that the access road to their centre regularly has flooded over the last number of years, and more regularly, the lands at each side of the road. Access was blocked in 2009 for 7 days and clients who require care for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week had to be evacuated. The road is currently in a dangerous state with deep drains on both sides of the road. Concern was expressed that if this road is raised (referring to measure 3b), this will pose an even greater risk to the health and safety of the clients and staff that reside and work. Requested a full health and safety risk assessment be completed for safe access for all during construction as well as covering the road once raised. Autism West requested communication prior to any work being carried out due to the high safety issues it poses for their clients and staff,
Carnmore/Cashla Measures
‹ The Ryan Hanley Study for the Carnmore area did not take into account the M6 and a quarry in the area which has changed the landscape in the area and may have collapsed underground springs. The quarry pumped more water down on top of the flooded land. A resident also has not returned to her home as it is in ruin, and she is currently getting a report compiled in relation to her situation. She has been told that it will not be possible to stop the road flooding, but her house is only 152 mm higher than the road. She has also been advised that her home flooded 17 years ago,
‹ One resident has cannot get flood cover on her house insurance. She is concerned that if the measures are not implemented soon, that she would be liable to be flooded again (Carnmore West area),
‹ Bringing in Carnmore/Cashla turlough water as well, was adding insult to injury (referring to flood alleviation drain and measure 8d),
4
‹ Queried when the drainage works for the Monivea Road drain to the Clare River would be done,
Footbridge
‹ Would welcome a footbridge alongside the bridge in Claregalway, to provide safe transit for school children and the residents of Claregalway. Why was the footbridge not constructed at the same time as the works to Claregalway Bridge?,
‹ The removal of the dangerous pedestrian path at Claregalway Bridge and replacement with a footbridge was blocked by NPWS/environmental concerns/fisheries, but how can this compare to the works that have been undertaken at the bridge already,
Crusheeny Bridge
‹ A bailey bridge should be put in place at Crusheeny while the new bridge is under construction,
‹ Locals would like to see a timetable for the works at Crusheeny,
‹ What would the impact of the proposed flood relief works be on the Kiltrogue Area downstream of Crusheeny Bridge. Will there be erosion there? Concrete stakes were placed on the southern bank, and one resident wished for these stakes to be retained,
Water Framework Directive and Floods Directive
‹ Will the Water Framework Directive and Floods Directive force all bodies concerned to work together – Galway City/County Councils/Fisheries etc?
Environmental Concerns
‹ Channel widening will disrupt salmon and trout spawning beds and reduce viable habitat for salmonids,
‹ Hoped that holding pools for salmon and trout are not impeded and perhaps upgraded,
Location of Claregalway Wastewater Treatment Plant
‹ The proposed location for the Claregalway Waste Water Treatment Plant at Cahergowan, on a floodplain, is of concern in light of the proposed measures outlined. Proper measures need to be taken to avoid contamination of the river from the plant,
It should be noted that the majority of the concerns raised at the Public Information Evening related to design issues associated with the scheme.
5 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 4.3
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Summary of Public Information Evening 30th N ovember 2011
D ecember 2011
MGE0262/1.3/CR0010
rpsgroup.com/ireland
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme; Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2 PUBLIC INFORMATION EVENING ...... 2 3 ISSUES RAISED...... 3
APPENDICES
Appendix A Consultation Comment Forms
MGE0262RP0010 i Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011 1 INTRODUCTION
In May 2011 the Office of Public Works (the OPW) appointed RPS as environmental consultants for the Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme. The OPW also appointed RPS as design engineers for this scheme in May 2011.
The Environmental Services Contract outputs associated with the Scheme are set out in three distinct stages as follows:
Stage 1
- Environmental Constraints Report - Public Information Day
Stage 2
- Environmental Assessment of Viable Options - Screening for Appropriate Assessment
Stage 3
- Public Information Day - Appropriate Assessment/Natura Impact Statement (if deemed necessary following Appropriate Assessment Screening). - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
To date, the following outputs has been delivered as part of the Environmental Consultancy Services:
1. An Environmental Constraints Study; 2. Public Information Evening was held on the 8th June 2011; 3. Screening for Appropriate Assessment Advance Works Crusheeny Bridge; 4. Natura Impact Statement Advance Works Crusheeny Bridge; 5. Scope of Environmental Surveys Report produced at the request of the NPWS; 6. Environmental Assessment of Viable Options; and 7. Screening for Appropriate Assessment Clare River Flood Relief Scheme.
The engineering design services associated with the Scheme are set out below.
Stage I (a) – Review proposed scheme in conjunction with the Environmental Consultant and amend measures identified in the Ryan Hanley Report as required.
Stage I (b) – Refers to the EIS and Appropriate assessment contract (Environmental Services Contract)
Stage I (c) – Undertake a Valuation Survey to identify each reputed proprietor, owner and rated or other occupier of lands/property on which works are proposed under the preferred scheme.
Stage II - Undertake a full Benefit Cost Analysis, - Bring the preferred scheme to formal Public Exhibition, - Ascertain the public’s view of the proposals, - Consideration of observations received and the making of possible amendments to the Scheme, and - Preparation of Exhibition Report,
Stage III - Undertake and complete the detailed design of the final preferred scheme, and - Prepare the Scheme for confirmation by the Minister of Finance.
MGE0262RP0010 1 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
To date, the following has been delivered as part of the Engineering Design Consultancy Services:
1. Stage I Report; 2. Bridge Options Report, Technical Acceptance Report and Detailed Design of Crusheeny Bridge Replacement; and 3. Valuation Survey.
On the 30th November 2011, a second Public Information Evening was organised by RPS on behalf of the OPW on the preferred scheme option for the Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme. This fulfils part of the Environmental Consultancy Services Stage 3 services.
2 PUBLIC INFORMATION EVENING
The second Public Information Evening was held on the 30th November 2011 from 4pm to 7pm at the Claregalway Hotel, Claregalway, Co. Galway.
The event was advertised in the Galway Advertiser (24th November) and Connacht Tribune (25th November). A copy of the public notice that appeared in each paper is presented below. In addition the notice was announced on Galway Bay FM Radio from the 23rd November to the 30th November several times throughout each day, and was published in the Claregalway Parish Notes on the 27th of November.
The format of the event was centred around the presentation of two separate information boards, one detailing the design and engineering aspects of the preferred scheme and the other detailing the sensitive environmental and archaeological receptors associated with the study area (Refer to Image 1).
Attendees were requested to fill out an attendance log and were invited to fill out a comments sheet setting out their views and concerns regarding the scheme. Representatives from RPS’s environmental and engineering design teams were present for the duration of the event to explain and discuss the environmental and engineering elements of the scheme respectively. Representatives from the OPW also attended the event and addressed queries from the public in relation to the scheme.
Public Information Notice Galway Public Information Notice Connacht Advertiser 24th November 2011 Tribune 25th November 2011
MGE0262RP0010 2 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
Image 1: Public Consultation Notice Boards – members of the engineering design team outlining the preferred scheme to members of the public
3 ISSUES RAISED
A total of 31 people signed the attendance log. Fifteen comment sheets were filled out and returned on the evening. The feedback that resulted from the event was obtained through a combination of noted discussions and analysis of written comments received on the evening. The following is a summary of the issues raised under key topics regarding the preferred scheme:
MGE0262RP0010 3 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
Flooding of houses on the night of the 30th November 2011
¾ A couple presented photographic evidence of flooding of their house on the day of the public information evening, following two days of heavy rain. They specifically described asking time and again for the M6 and quarry behind their flooded home to be investigated as a potential cause of flooding in the Carnmore area. They did not believe that the proposed works would alleviate the potential for flooding of their home. They noted that the proposed flood alleviation drain from the Carnmore/Cashla Area was shown to begin at a point further west on the R339 (Monivea Road). This point was lower than their site but on the day of the public information event there was no standing water evident in this area while the waters were up to the finished floor levels in their house. They have not returned to their house since the November 2009 flood and do not want to. They have been trying to get relocated but have not been approved for this as the proposed OPW works are proposed as a solution to the flooding.
Caherlea
¾ One resident outlined the history of the Caherlea flooding in November 2009, where after one week of rain, her house along with sixteen others flooded. The pace of the flooding was outlined: within the space of 10 hours, the water entered her back garden and increased from 3cm to 18cm in 4 hours and rose further overnight; the water entered her house at 6am and the level reached 1 foot by 10am; over the following 5 days, the water level rose to 2.5 feet inside the house and 4 feet on the road outside; after 6 days the water began to recede. In April 2010, the water rose again to the back garden. In November 2010, again the water level rose to the end of the garden. On the evening of this public information event (30th November 2011), the flood water was again at the end of her garden. The resident was extremely distressed that the measures undertaken to date i.e. advance works at Claregalway and Crusheeny bridges, didn’t appear to have made the situation any better. A review of the Ryan Hanley measures by Dr. Kieran Hickey stated that “the planned works for the Caherlea area will not alleviate the problem”. Dr Hickey stated that the OPW scheme would take 1 metre off water from the area, despite the fact that 1.5 metres of water was the level in 2009 – leaving 0.5 meters unaccounted for. The reason this resident was not relocated was because the OPW remedial works were deemed to be the solution to the flooding at this location, but given the lack of success with the bridge works, this resident finds it hard to have trust in the rest of the scheme as presented.
Lakeview measures (Measure 6a)
¾ The Claregalway GAA club expressed serious issue with the proposal to install an open drain inside their boundary on the juvenile and adult football pitches. The proposal in their opinion poses a serious health and safety concern and provides a potential risk of drowning for children trying to retrieve footballs which may enter the drain.
¾ A landowner (Sean Noone) stated that measure 6a (open drainage channel) will not be permitted to go ahead in his land.
¾ The measure is considered to come too close to houses in Lakeview, and should be moved further back the fields.
¾ There is an existing culvert at this site. Measure 6a will intersect an already existing culvert laid approx in. 2008 by the developers of the housing estate. This needs to be considered in the new culvert design.
¾ Measure 6a shows an open drain across the undeveloped portion of the housing estate lands (Cuirt na hAbhainn). This is a major health and safety concern for children and adults alike as many people regularly cross this land. The open section must be fully closed either side.
MGE0262RP0010 4 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
¾ Access to work areas need to be discussed with all concerned. It should be made public how access in and out of the river area/banks will be achieved with heavy machinery.
¾ The flood waters from the corporate park area should not be brought through the Cúirt na hAbhainn estate as they were separate floods and this would have the potential of worsening the situation at the Cúirt na hAbhainn estate. The corporate park should be drained separately possibly along the proposed routes of the new by-pass – this would involve less cost, a shorter distance to the river and less impact to houses in Lakeview.
¾ There should be a non-return valve on the existing culvert from the Cúirt na hAbhainn estate to the river. The proposed drain will connect an existing natural turlough at the corporate park to the natural turlough at Cuirt na hAbhainn housing estate through an underground/over ground open drain. This water should be divided and the corporate park water should be drained separately along the proposed new bypass of the village which is a more direct route ideally under the new road.
¾ It was commented that there was a lot of twist and turns on the measure 6a route. A more direct route is required.
¾ The measure 6a crosses the housing estate and behind many houses and must be properly landscaped and planted either side.
¾ Close off low river banks as they cause flooding.
¾ Close off walkways and do not open up new ones after this development. Measure 6a should not create any new pedestrian access points along people’s lands and past their houses that did not historically exist.
Timing of the works
¾ One comment sheet expressed appreciation if the proposed works could commence as soon as possible in the Carnmore West area in order to prevent further flooding.
Lough Corrib/River Corrib
¾ During verbal discussions with attendees it was expressed strongly on several occasions that the reason for the extensive flooding in Claregalway area is due to the siltation and bed levels at the mouth of the lake where the river discharges and that floodwater cannot enter the lake.
¾ The mouth of the river at the lake should be widened and cleaned first before any other measures are put in place.
¾ The works at Claregalway bridge and upstream of Claregalway were described as a ‘waste of tax payers money’ if works are not undertaken at the weir, the sluice gates, and the Corrib firstly to allow the water to get out to sea faster. It was felt that there was more thought of ‘frogs, birds and bees’ than humans.
¾ One resident at Gort-an-Calladh commented that the current flooding has covered all of his land. He doesn’t see this situation changing until the City Council lowers the intake pipe at the Corrib River at the Dyke road, and the OPW are allowed to lower the level of the Corrib from August onwards.
MGE0262RP0010 5 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Summary of Public Information Evening -30th November 2011
Claregalway measures
¾ It was suggested that the original pipe under the road at the Arches Bar should be cleaned out. The planning authority was blamed for allowing the Arches Hotel to be built on the old Clare River channel bed, and that there had not been a flooding issue at this location prior to the construction of the hotel. Noted that water rose 1.5 feet in 1.5 hours on the 29th November at Claregalway, and is still all feeding into a sump below the bridge at Curraghmore.
¾ One resident from Claregalway village commented that her house flooded 3 times before 2009 and that water still lodges along the side of her house and the road (Montiagh road). Her field on the Montiagh road is normally flooded in winter time. She hopes the improvement works will relieve the flooding.
Montiagh Measures
¾ Autism West Ltd. residential centre for adults at Gortnacloonmore made a further submission with regard to the safety issues with the proposed relief works to the access road to the location of their house. The road is the only access to the house as it is located at a dead end, therefore providing a problem if the road is impassable at any stage from flooding. The residential centre requires 24 hour access for staff, and due to the specific health issues of the clients, access has to be maintained for them also in case of emergencies. Autism West would like to be consulted prior to and during the period of works in order to agree access and any safety concerns. The centre manager can be contacted for discussions.
Requests for Maps
¾ A map was requested of the channel widening measure.
It should be noted that the majority of the concerns raised at the Public Information Evening related to engineering design of the scheme and the location of measures. This is consistent with the comments received during the first public consultation event held on the 8th June 2011.
MGE0262RP0010 6 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 10.1
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
NPWS Site Synopses
SITE NAME : LOUGH CORRIB cSAC
SITE CODE : 000297
Lough Corrib is situated to the north of Galway city and is the second largest lake in Ireland with an area of approximately 18,240 ha (the entire site is 20,556 ha). The lake can be divided into two parts: a relatively shallow basin, underlain by Carboniferous limestone, in the south and a larger, deeper basin, underlain by more acidic granite, schists, shales and sandstones, to the north. The surrounding lands are mostly pastoral farmland, to the south and east, and bog and heath, to the west and north. Rivers, mainly to the east of the site are included within the cSAC as they are important for Atlantic Salmon. These rivers include the Clare, Grange, Abbert, Sinking, Dalgan and Black to the east, as well as the Cong, Bealanabrack, Failmore, Cornamona, Drimneen and Owenriff to the west. In addition to the rivers and lake basin, adjoining areas of conservation interest, including raised bog, woodland, grassland and limestone pavement, have been incorporated into the site.
This site is of major conservation importance and includes 14 habitats listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. Six of these are priority habitats - petrifying springs, Cladium fen, active raised bog, limestone pavement, bog woodland and orchid-rich calcareous grassland. The other annexed habitats present include hard water lakes, lowland oligotrophic lakes, floating river vegetation, alkaline fens, degraded raised bogs, Rhynchosporion vegetation, Molinia meadows and old Oak woodlands. Species present on the site that are listed on Annex II of this directive are Sea Lamprey, Brook Lamprey, Atlantic Salmon, White-clawed Crayfish, Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Otter, Lesser Horseshoe Bat, Slender Naiad and the moss Drepanocladus vernicosus.
The shallow, lime-rich waters of the southern basin the of lake support one of the most extensive beds of Stoneworts (Charophytes) in Ireland, with species such as Chara aspera, C. hispida, C. delicatula, C. contraria and C. desmacantha mixed with submerged Pondweeds (Potamogeton perfoliatus, P. gramineus and P. lucens), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora) and Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna). These Chara beds are an important source of food for waterfowl. In contrast, the northern basin contains more oligotrophic and acidic waters, without Chara species, but with Shoreweed, Water Lobelia, Pipewort (Eriocaulon septangulare), Quillwort (Isoetes lacustris), Alternate Water-milfoil (Myriophyllum alternifolium) and Slender Naiad (Najas flexilis). The last-named is listed under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999 and is an Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive.
Large areas of reedswamp vegetation, dominated by varying mixtures of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris), occur around the margins of the lake. Reedswamp usually grades into species-rich marsh vegetation characterised by Slender Sedge (Carex lasiocarpa), Water Mint (Mentha aquatica), Water Horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile) and Bog Bean (Menyanthes trifoliata). Of particular note are the extensive beds of Great Fen-sedge (Cladium mariscus) that have developed over the marly peat deposits in sheltered bays, particularly in the south-east corner of the lake. Alkaline fen vegetation is more widespread around the lake margins and includes, amongst the typically diverse range of plants, the Slender Cottongrass (Eriophorum gracile), a species protected under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999. Wet meadows dominated by Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) occur in seasonally flooded areas close to the lake shore. These support species such as Sharp-flowered Rush (Juncus acutiflorus), Jointed Rush (J. articulatus), Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea), Devil’s-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis), Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera) and Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), amongst others.
This large site contains four discrete raised bog areas and is selected for active raised bog, degraded raised bog, Rhynchosporion and bog woodland. Active raised bog comprises areas of high bog that are wet and actively peat-forming, where the percentage cover of bog mosses (Sphagnum spp.) is high, and where some or all of the following features occur: hummocks, pools, wet flats, Sphagnum lawns, flushes and soaks. Degraded raised bog corresponds to those areas of high bog whose hydrology has been adversely affected by peat cutting, drainage and other land use activities, but
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
which are capable of regeneration. The Rhynchosporion habitat occurs in wet depressions, pool edges and erosion channels where the vegetation includes White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba) and/or Brown Beak-sedge (R. fusca), and at least some of the following associated species, Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), Sundews (Drosera spp.), Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus) and Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea).
At Addergoole, on the eastern shores of Lough Corrib, there is an important area of western raised bog. This bog area is one of the most westerly, relatively intact raised bogs in the country. There are also other substantial areas of raised bog along various tributaries of the Corrib in east Co. Galway, namely Slieve Bog, Lough Tee Bog and Killaclogher bog. The active parts of these bogs mostly correspond to the wettest areas, where there are well developed surface features with hummocks, lawns and pools. It is in such areas that Rhynchosporian vegetation is best represented. The dominant species is the aquatic bog moss Sphagnum cuspidatum, which is usually accompanied by Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), White Beak-sedge, Bog Asphodel, Bog Cotton (Eriophorum angustifolium), Bog Sedge (Carex limosa) and Great Sundew (Drosera anglica). Brown Beak-sedge, a locally rare plant of wet bog pools, has been recorded from a number of the bog areas within the site. At Addergoole a substantial bog lake or soak occurs and this is infilling with large rafts of Rhynchosporion vegetation at present. This area is associated with an important area of wet bog woodland dominated by Downy Birch (Betula pubescens).
The largest part of the uncut high bog comprises degraded raised bog. Degraded bog is dominated by a raised bog flora which tends to be rather species-poor because of disturbance and/or drying-out. The most conspicuous vascular plant species are usually Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea), Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Bog Cotton, Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), Bog Asphodel and Deergrass. Bog Rosemary (Andromeda polifolia) and Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), two species indicative of raised bog habitat, are frequent on both degraded and active areas of raised bog. Sphagnum cover is generally low within degraded areas due to a combination of drying-out and frequent burning.
Limestone pavement occurs along much of the shoreline in the lower Corrib basin and supports a rich and diverse flora, including Herb-robert (Geranium robertianum), Bloody Crane’s-bill (G. sanguineum), Carline Thistle (Carlina vulgaris), Spring Gentian (Gentiana verna), Wild Thyme (Thymus praecox), Rustyback (Ceterach officinarum), Wood Sage (Teucrium scorodonia), Slender St. John’s-wort (Hypericum pulchrum), Quaking-grass (Briza media) and Blue Moor-grass (Sesleria albicans). Areas of Hazel (Corylus avellana) scrub occur in association with exposed limestone pavement and these include species such as Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), Spindle (Euonymus europaeus) with occasional Juniper (Juniperus communis). Three Red Data Book species are also found in association with limestone scrub - Alder Buckthorn (Frangula alnus), Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) and Wood Bitter-vetch (Vicia orobus), the latter is also protected under the Flora (Protection)
Order,1999.
Open areas of orchid-rich calcareous grassland are also found in association with the limestone exposures. These can support a typically rich vegetation, including many orchids such as Pyramidal Orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis), Common Spotted-orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii), Early-purple Orchid (Orchis mascula), Frog Orchid (Coeloglossum viride), Fragrant Orchid (Gymnadenia conopsea), Marsh Helleborine (Epipactis palustris), Greater Butterfly-orchid (Platanthera chlorantha) and Irish Lady’stresses (Spiranthes romanzoffiana). The latter is protected under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999.
The Hill of Doon, located in the north-western corner of the lake, is a fine example of a Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) woodland. The understorey is dominated by Sessile Oak, Holly (Ilex aquifolium) and occasional Juniper. There are occasional Yew (Taxus baccata) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and a well developed ground layer dominated by Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant) and Wood Rush (Luzula sylvatica). Woodland also occurs on some of the islands in the lake.
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
The lake is rated as an internationally important site for waterfowl. Counts from 1984 to 1987 revealed a mean annual peak total of 19,994 birds. In the past a maximum peak of 38,281 birds was recorded. The lake supports internationally important numbers of Pochard (average peak 8,600) and nationally important numbers of the following species: Coot (average peak 6,756), Mute Swan (average peak 176), Tufted Duck (average peak 1,317), Cormorant (average peak 110) and Greenland White- fronted Goose (average peak 83). The latter species is listed on Annex I of Birds Directive. The Coot population is the largest in the country and populations of Tufted Duck and Pochard are second only to Lough Neagh. 30-41 breeding pairs of Common Scoter occur on the lake (1995 data) as well as breeding populations of Arctic Tern and Common Tern. Other bird species of note recorded from or close to the lake recently include Hen Harrier, Whooper Swan, Golden Plover and Kingfisher. All of these species are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive.
Otter and Irish Hare have been recorded regularly within this site. Both of these species are listed in the Red Data Book and are legally protected by the Wildlife Act 1976. Otter is also listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. Lough Corrib is considered one of the best sites in the country for otter, due to the sheer size of the lake and associated rivers and streams and also the generally high quality of the habitats. Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) use the lake and rivers as spawning grounds. Although this species is still fished commercially in Ireland, it is considered to be endangered or locally threatened elsewhere in Europe and is listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive. Lough Corrib is also a well known fishing lake with a very good Trout (Salmo trutta) fishery. The lake has a population of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a scarce, though probably under-recorded species listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive.
A population of Freshwater Pearl-mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera), a species listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive, occurs within the site. White clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), also listed on Annex II, is well distributed throughout Lough Corrib and its in-flowing rivers over limestone. A summer roost of Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros), another Annex II species, occurs within the site - approximately 100 animals were recorded here in 1999.
The main threats to the quality of this site are from water polluting activities resulting from intensification of agricultural activities on the eastern side of the lake, uncontrolled discharge of sewage which is causing localised eutrophication of the lake, and housing and boating development, which is causing the loss of native lakeshore vegetation. The raised bog habitats are susceptible to further degradation and drying out due to drainage and peat cutting and, on occasions, burning. Peat cutting threatens Addergoole Bog and already a substantial area of it has been cut away. Fishing and shooting occur in and around the lake. Introduction of exotic crayfish species or the crayfish fungal plague (Aphanomyces astaci) could have a serious impact on the native crayfish population. The bat roost is susceptible to disturbance or development.
Despite this ongoing interference however, Lough Corrib is one the best examples of a large lacustrine catchment system in Ireland, with a range of habitats and species still well represented. The lake itself is internationally important for birds and is designated as a Special Protection Area.
9.12.2005
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
SITE NAME: LOUGH CORRIB SPA
SITE CODE: 004042
Lough Corrib is situated to the north of Galway City and is the largest lake in the country. The lake can be divided into two parts: a relatively shallow basin, underlain by Carboniferous limestone, in the south and a larger, deeper basin, underlain by more acidic granite, schists, shales and sandstones, to the north. The main inflowing rivers are the Black, Clare, Dooghta, Cregg, Owenriff and the channel from Lough Mask. The main outflowing river is the Corrib, which reaches the sea at Galway City. Over the 1994-97 period Lough Corrib was classified as a mesotrophic system, a change from its oligo/mesotrophic status in the 1991-94 period. It retained its mesotrophic status for the 1998-2000 period, with a reduction in phosphorous and planktonic algal growth noted. Overall, the water quality of the Corrib is considered to be satisfactory.
The shallow, lime-rich waters of the southern basin of the lake support one of the most extensive beds of Stoneworts (Charophytes) in Ireland, with species such as Chara aspera, C. hispida, C. delicatula, C. contraria and C. desmacantha mixed with submerged Pondweeds (Potamogeton perfoliatus, P. gramineus and P. lucens), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora) and Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna). These Chara beds are a very important source of food for waterfowl. In contrast, the northern basin contains more oligotrophic and acidic waters, largely lacking Charophyte species, but with such species as Shoreweed, Water Lobelia, Pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum) and Quillwort (Isoetes lacustris). Large areas of reedswamp vegetation, dominated by varying mixtures of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris), occur around the margins of the lake. Reedswamp usually grades into species-rich marsh vegetation. Of particular note are the extensive beds of Great Fen-sedge (Cladium mariscus) that have developed over the marly peat deposits in sheltered bays. Limestone pavement occurs along much of the shoreline in the lower Corrib basin and supports a rich and diverse flora. The lake has numerous islands, from rocky islets to larger islands with grassland or woodland. The surrounding lands are mostly pastoral farmland, to the south and east, and bog and heath, to the west and north.
Lough Corrib is of international importance for wintering Pochard (10,182) - all figures are average peaks for the 5 seasons 1995/96-1999/00. It is one of the top five sites in the country for wintering waterfowl and also qualifies for international importance because it regularly supports well in excess of 20,000 waterfowl. It is the most important site in the country for Pochard, Tufted Duck (5,521) and Coot (14,473), supporting 21%, 46% and 13% of the respective national totals. It also has nationally important populations of wintering Mute Swan (182), Gadwall (48), Shoveler (90), Golden Plover (1,727) and Lapwing (2,424). The lake is a traditional site for Greenland White-fronted Goose (62). Relatively small numbers of Whooper Swan (35) occur, along with Wigeon (528), Teal (77), Mallard (155), Goldeneye (74), Curlew (114) and Cormorant (36).
Lough Corrib is a traditional breeding site for gulls and terns, with various islands being used for nesting each year. There are important colonies of Common Tern (37 pairs in 1995) and Arctic Terns (60 pairs in 1995), both populations being of national importance. The site supports substantial colonies of Black-headed Gull (856 individuals in 1999) and Common Gull (181 pairs in 1999), these representing 11% and 17% of the respective national totals. Lesser Black-backed Gull (51 individuals in 1999) and Great Black-backed Gull (16 individuals in 1999) also breed, with a few pairs of Herring Gull. Considerably higher numbers of breeding gulls occurred in the recent past, as shown by surveys in 1977 and 1993; the reasons for the continued declines are, however, not fully known.
Whilst only colonised in the 1970/80s by nesting Common Scoter, Lough Corrib now supports approximately half of the national population of this rare duck, a Red Data Book species. The population has been stable since the mid-1990s, with 36 pairs recorded in the most recent survey in 1999.
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Lough Corrib supports a range of species listed on Annex II of the E.U. Habitats Directive, including Otter, Salmon and Slender Naiad (Najas flexilis). The lake is an internationally renowned salmonid fishery.
Any deterioration in water quality of the lake would be of concern for the wintering birds and perhaps the breeding Common Scoter, though the condition of the lake has been satisfactory in recent years. The reasons for the long-term declines in the breeding gull populations since the 1970s are not known and require investigation. Fishing and shooting occur in and around the lake though is it not considered that these are significant threats to the birds.
Lough Corrib is one of the top ornithological sites in the country, and easily qualifies for international importance on the basis of numbers of wintering birds using it. It is also of international importance for its population of Pochard. There are a further seven species of wintering waterfowl that have populations of national importance. Its populations of breeding gulls and terns are also notable, with nationally important numbers of Common Tern, Arctic Tern, Common Gull and Black-headed Gull. The site is now the most important in the country for nesting Common Scoter. It is of note that several of the species which occur regularly are listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive, i.e. Whooper Swan, Greenland White-fronted Goose, Golden Plover, Common Tern and Arctic Tern. The site has been relatively well monitored for birds in recent years. Research is required into the reasons for the decline of the breeding gull populations.
13.8.2004
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 11.1
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Ecological valuation criteria for aquatic resources (adapted from NRA, 2009) Relevant Criteria Classification International Importance: A • ‘European Site’ including Special Area of Conservation (cSAC), Site of Community Importance (SCI), Special Protection Area (SPA) or proposed Special Area of Conservation. • Features essential to maintaining the coherence of the Natura 2000 Network. • Site containing ‘best examples’ of the habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive. • Resident or regularly occurring populations (assessed to be important at the national level) of species of animal and plants listed in Annex II and/or IV of the Habitats Directive. • Salmonid water designated pursuant to the European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations, 1988, (S.I. No. 293 of 1988). • Major salmon river fisheries
National Importance: B • Site designated or proposed as a Natural Heritage Area (NHA). • Statutory Nature Reserve. • Refuge for Fauna and Flora protected under the Wildlife Acts. • National Park. • Statutory Nature Reserve; Refuge for Fauna and Flora protected under the Wildlife Act; and/or a National Park. • Resident or regularly occurring populations (assessed to be important at the national level) of species protected under the Wildlife Acts; and/or; species listed on the relevant Red Data list. • Site containing ‘viable areas’ of the habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive. • Major trout river fisheries • Commercially important coarse fisheries • Waterbodies with high amenity value.
County Importance: C • Area of Special Amenity. • Area of High Amenity, or equivalent, designated under the County Development Plan. • Resident or regularly occurring populations (assessed to be important at the County level)10 of species of animal and plants listed in Annex II and/or IV of the Habitats Directive, and/or; species protected under the Wildlife Acts; and/or; species listed on the relevant Red Data list. • Site containing area or areas of the habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive that do not fulfil the criteria for valuation as of International or National importance. • County important populations of species, or viable areas of semi-natural habitats identified in the national or Local BAP if this has been prepared. • Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with high biodiversity in a county context and a high degree of naturalness, or populations of species that are uncommon within the county. • Sites containing habitats and species that are rare or are undergoing a decline in quality or extent at a national level.
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Relevant Criteria Classification Local Importance (higher value): D • Locally important populations of priority species or habitats or natural heritage features identified in the Local BAP, if this has been prepared; • Resident or regularly occurring populations (assessed to be important at the Local level) of species of animal and plants listed in Annex II and/or IV of the Habitats Directive, and/or; species protected under the Wildlife Acts; and/or; species listed on the relevant Red Data list. • Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with high biodiversity in a local context and a high degree of naturalness, or populations of species that are uncommon in the locality; • Sites or features containing common or lower value habitats, including naturalised species that are nevertheless essential in maintaining links and ecological corridors between features of higher ecological value. • Sites of ‘High’ water quality status (Q4-5, Q5) • Water body with some fisheries values and potential salmonid habitat.
Local Importance (lower value): E • Sites containing small areas of semi-natural habitat that are of some local importance for wildlife; • Sites or features containing non-native species that are of some importance in maintaining habitat links. • Waterbody with no fisheries value and poor fisheries habitat.
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 11.2
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Site Photographs
1. CLARE RIVER
Plate 1: Fractured rock at base of left bank just Plate 2: Exposed subsoil on right bank of Clare River downstream of Crusheeny Bridge (12-7-2011) (Point 75) (12-7-2011)
Plate 3: Heavy marginal growth of Club-rush Plate 4: Great Yellow within marginal emergent (Schoenoplectus lacustris) on the right bank of Clare macrophytes – Clare River (12-7-2011) River (12-7-2011)
Plate 5: Reed Canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) on Plate 6: In-channel submerged Club-rush - Clare left bank of Clare River (12-7-2011). Note – smooth, River (12-7-2011) laminar flow over the whole river cross section.
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 7 Submerged marginal Pondweed beds Plate 8: Estevelle just downstream of Crusheeny (Potamogeton x nitens and P. gramineus) Clare River Bridge, causing turbulence on the Clare River (12-7- (12-7-2011) 2011)
Plate 9: View upstream toward weir downstream of Plate 10: Glide upstream of Crusheeny Bridge (12-7- Claregalway Bridge (12-7-2011) 2011)
Plate 11: View downstream from confluence of Plate 12: View upstream from confluence of Islandmore Islandmore tributary with R. Clare showing long glides, tributary with R. Clare showing long glides, steep banks steep banks and sparse marginal emergents (12-7- and sparse marginal emergents (12-7-2011) 2011)
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 13: View downstream toward deep holdings on Plate 14: Close up of gravel beds by Point 49 where 0+ the bend by Point 62 - (12-7-2011) salmonids were observed by – Clare River (12-7-2011)
2. CLARE RIVER TRIBUTARIES
Plate 15: Gortcloonmore drain showing still flow and Plate 16: Gortcloonmore drain upstream of by road heavy shade at Point 1 (11-7-2011) bridge (Point 5) showing in-channel growth of Oenanthe and bankside Valerian and Meadowsweets Montiagh North (11-7-2011)
Plate 17: Pond-like stretch of Gortcloonmore drain Plate 18: Unnamed drain (3) at Montiagh North (Point downstream of byroad bridge (Point 6) showing in- 8) (11-7-2011) channel growth of Yellow water lilie (Nuphar lutea) and emergent Sparganium erectum (11-7-2011)
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 19: Gortadooey drain upstream of bridge showing Plate 20: Gortadooey drain as in Plate 5 after drainage dense marginal stands of emergent vegetation - one week later (20-7-2011) Montiagh North (11-7-2011)
Plate 21: Gortadooey stream downstream of road Plate 22: Gortadooey stream farther downstream bridge where there were patches of emergent and (Point 11) showing more silted substrate with less submerged Apium in faster current speeds (11-7- instream vegetation.(11-7-2011) 2011)
Plate 23: Gortadooey stream just upstream of confluence Plate 24: Gortadooey upstream nearer its source with Clare River showing heavy instream growth of (Point 86) with heavy marginal floating and emergent Sparganium emersum and marginal growths of Berula macrophyte growth. (11-7-2011) erectum in moderate/swift flows (Point 9) (11-7-2011)
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 25: Kiniska trib. showing heavy in-channel Plate 26: Kiniska trib. upstream of road bridge (Point growth of macrophytes obscuring the channel (Point 80) showing limited open water with Ranunculus sp. 12) with heavy marginal floating and emergent and fringing Flote Grass (Glyceria sp.) - (11-7-2011) vegetation.
Plate 27: Kinsika trib. showing banks with Valeria, Plate 28: Montiagh South un-named tributary (3), view Meadowsweet and Great Willowherb downstream from bridge (Point 17), showing (Point 13) – (11-7-2011) submerged Potamogeton natans (11-7-2011)
Plate 29: Montiagh South un-named tributary (3) Plate 30: Montiagh South drain series (2) (Point 21) upstream from bridge (Point 19), showing submerged showing Typha and Valerian in drainage ditch. Callitriche, Apium and Melosira with floating filamentous (11-7-2011) algae marginally - (11-7-2011)
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 31: Montiagh South, main east-west drain in Plate 32: Montiagh South drain series (2): smooth drain series (2) (Point 22) showing emergent and newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) tadpole (eft) from a ditch at floating macrophytes (11-7-2011) Point 27 (11-7-2011)
Plate 33: Montiagh South drain series (2): plant- Plate 34: Montiagh South drain series (2) (Point 87) chocked drain running south and east from Point 27 overgrown by Common Reed and with Typha and Sedges (Carex sp.) and Valerian as emergents. (11- Valerian also present – view upstream (20-7-2011) 7-2011)
Plate 35: Montiagh South drain series (2) (Point 87) Plate 36: Caherlea drainage ditch: this ditch was view downstream showing stagnant flow floating algal effectively dry at this point (Pt 29) scum and dense marginal emergents – (20-7-2011) (11-7-2011)
MGE0262Rp0012 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Plate 37: Islandmore drain at Point 31 showing Plate 38: Islandmore drain at Point 36 showing emergent Berula erecta in still water (11-7-2001) submerged Potamogeton and Hippuris in still water (11- 7-2001)
Plate 39: Islandmore drain at Point 38 close to outlet to Plate 40: Islandmore drain near Point 38 showing Clare River showing steep banks (11-7-2011) submerged and emergent macrophytes in shallow flow (11-7-2011)
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 11.3
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates D/S = downstream EPA SITE 1 SITE 2 Quality Category D/S Crusheeny Br. D/S Claregalway Br. MAY FLIES (Ephemeroptera) Heptageniidae: A * * Heptagenia sulphurea 2 3 Ecdyonurus dispar 1 2 Ephemerella ignita C 100+ 100+ Baetis rhodani C 54 200+ Baetis muticus B 50 Caenis rivulorum C 6 7 STONE FLIES (Plecoptera) Isoperla sp. (indet) A 2 Leuctra spp. B 100+ 27 CADDIS FLIES (Trichoptera) Sericostoma personatum B 5 3 Lepidostoma hirtum B 7 10 Athripsodes sp. B 13 21 Rhyacophila dorsalis C 2 5 Hydropsychidae C 47 22 Agapetus sp. ~ 5 2 Plectrocnemia conspersa C 2 1 Potamophylax latipennis C 8 TRUE FLIES (Diptera) Chironomidae C 200+ 100+ Simuliidae C 24 14 Tabanidae C 1 BEETLES (Coleoptera) Nebrioporus depressus C 1 depressus Elmidae C 26 58 F/W SHRIMPS (Crustacea) Gammarus duebeni C 500+ 45 Asellus aquaticus D 2 11 SNAILS (Mollusca) Bithynia tentaculata C 2 2 Ancyclus fluviatilis C 5 Planorbis spp. C 1 2 Potomapyrgus sp. C 3 Lymnaea peregra D 5 WORMS (Annelida) Oligochaetae E 100+ 30 LEECHES (Hirudinea) Erpobdellidae indet. D 1 FLATWORMS (Tricladia) Polycelis sp. D 1 EPA Q Value Q4 Q4 Total BMWP Score 133 136 ASPT 6 6.2 EQR/WFD Classification 0.8/Good 0.8/Good
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 11.4
MGE0262Rp0012
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
White clawed Crayfish surveys and assessment criteria Table 1: RIVER CLARE - Crayfish survey locations, habitats and methods employed
Location Grid Reference Habitat description of survey Site Photograph Crayfish habitat assessment ‘patch’ and methods employed. Approx 1km US M 40574 32404 30m stretch of cobble overlaying Quite extensive stretches of Crusheeny Bridge silty gravels at river margin, with potentially optimal habitat at river emergent and overhanging Reed margins; Slightly sub-optimal Canary Grass (Phalaris habitat at the mid-channel owing to arundinacea). 20min search of potential for very swift flow + lack refuges + weed sweeping for of stable refuges. juveniles.
c. 100m U/S M 39826 32835 10m stretch of boulder/cobble Sub-optimal habitat at river margin Crusheeny Bridge overlaying silty gravels at river and poor habitat in margin, with some emergent and overhanging Reed Canary Grass and submerged Sparganium emersum. 30min search of refuges + overnight trapping.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
30m US Crusheeny M 39750 32886 10m stretch of emergent and Sub-optimal or Poor habitat for Bridge overhanging Reed Canary Grass juveniles and adults at river margins with slightly undercut banks and owing to the majority of Canary small boulders overlaying very Grass not being rooted in the silty gravel at river margin. 30min channel; Poor habitat mid-channel net sweep search + overnight owing to lack of cover. Possibility of trapping. burrowing where stable banks are vertical or undercut beneath overhanging vegetation.
30m DS Crusheeny M 39671 32917 Combination of cut limestone Patches of optimal habitat at river Bridge stepped banks with numerous margins; Poor habitat at mid- cracks and crevices and some channel. small boulder and large cobble at river margin. Difficult to manually search. Overnight trapping
. c. 700m DS 10m stretch of emergent and Sub-optimal habitat at river margins Crusheeny Bridge overhanging macrophytes, mainly owing to low vegetative cover in- Reed Canary Grass with some stream – much of the canary grass submerged S. emersum. Small was not be rooted in the channel as boulders and large cobbles the river had formed a low berm overlaying very silty gravel at river along the stretch; Sub-optimal/poor margin. 30 min net sweep + habitat at mid-channel. search of refuges.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
40m DS Claregalway Margins of turbulent flow at the Patches of optimal habitat at the Bridge ‘natural’ weir below the bridge. river margins and just upstream of Some mossy boulder overlying the weir in shallower bouldery parts gravel + coarse sand, plus patches of glide/run; turbulent areas poor of bedrock with moss. Manual owing to water velocity. search of refuges for 30 minutes using net and viewing bucket.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Table 2: RIVER CLARE TRIBUTARIES AND DRAINS – Crayfish survey locations, habitats and methods employed
Location Grid Habitat description of survey Site Photograph Reference ‘patch’ and methods employed.
Gortcloonmore M 35056 10m stretch of deep (>1m) Poor crayfish habitat, however Tributary 34223 stagnant, weed choked drain crayfish can be found in these manually searched. Poor types of sluggish drains. (100%) crayfish habitat. 30min weed sweep. Crayfish = 0.
Gortadooey M 36720 20m stretch of emergent Burr Patches of optimal habitat Tributary 33849 reed and emergent and within emergent vegetation and overhanging Reed Canary in areas of boulder/cobble Grass. Substrates of small glide, but these were removed boulder over gravel, sand and by dredging u/s of the bridge. silt. crayfish habitat. 30min net Some sub-optimal habitat sweep search + overnight remains below the bridge. trapping. Crayfish = 0. Habitat for crayfish in the upper Gortadooey stream, near the source was poor, with very
little cover available once summer vegetation disappears.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Kiniska Tributary M 38173 Two x 10m stretches of Poor crayfish habitat but 33583 potential habitat manually crayfish can be found in these searched for 15 minutes each. types of sluggish drained Limited patches of cobble over streams. Water quality may be silty gravel and sand with too impaired to be ideal for overhanging vegetation. crayfish. There was a sewage Patches of instream emergents input towards the u/s end of the also searched. Crayfish = 0. channel.
Montiagh South M 34467 15min manual search of Sub-optimal- to-Poor. Presence Un-named 33063 marginal vegetation and of small boulder and large Tributary (3) accessible bouldery glide in cobble substrates, plus mainly suitable patches. Crayfish = 0. submerged aquatic macrophytes and bank side tree roots may provide refuges for crayfish.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Site 1 - Montiagh M 33925 This was one of 2 sites Some of the drains were totally South Western 32998 searched in this drain series. unsuitable for crayfish owing to
Drain Series (2) 10min search of emergent and level of weed growth (mire like). submerged aquatic vegetation Other drains were either within channels with some stagnant pools with mostly
open water. Crayfish = 0. floating vegetation. or recently drained with no habitat remaining. Poor in general.
Site 2 - Montiagh M 33918 15min search in any available Poor, no suitable habitat owing South Western 33078 patches of submerged to quite recent drainage. Drain Series (2) vegetation. Crayfish = 0.
Islandmore / M 40053 Shallow glide with some Sub- optimal with patches that Caherlea Arterial 32446 scattered large cobbles over could be optimal. Flow and Drainage network gravel and fine substrates in water quality characteristics (5) – just places. Submerged aquatic suitable also. upstream of R. vegetation, mostly Clare confluence Myriophyllum alternifolium and Potamogeton natans.. 15mins
manual search and overnight trapping. Crayfish = 0.
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Islandmore / M 40075 Canalised drain, approx. 1m Poor, though crayfish can be Caherlea Arterial 31507 deep with an abundance of found in these types of Drainage network sluggish drains. emergent and submerged (5) aquatic vegetation, primarily Berula sp.
Islandmore / M 40161 Recently drained, probably not Unsuitable – temporary flow; Caherlea Arterial 31392 active during dry weather. very little refuge habitat or Drainage network Crayfish = 0. cover.
(5)
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Table 3: Crayfish habitat evaluation criteria OPTIMAL SUB-OPTIMAL POOR Boulders (>25 cm), stone or other large cobbles (15–25 cm) >> small cobble (6–15 cm) material > Slow-flowing glides and pools riffles >> high-energy areas such as rapids (provided there are refuges) > (avoided). Localised velocity of 0.1m s-1 or less > less than 0.2m sec-1 >> more than 0.2 m sec-1 (avoided).
Boulders or large cobbles in groups isolated large stones on smaller a lot of small stone (small cobble and with crevices between them > substrate such as pebble and gravel >> pebble). Deep crevices in bedrock (can't usually partly flattened boulders and large high-sided, rounded cobbles (more search) > cobbles >> easily rolled in spates). Underlying substrate of fine pebble and coarse gravel >> Silt and clay. gravel/sand with some pebbles > Loose boulders >> deeply bedded boulders in a compacted bed (not accessible to crayfish). Submerged refuges in stable banks refuges in the slow-flowing margins > refuges in mid-channel (avoided (e.g. natural crevices, stone block especially if flow is a run or higher reinforcement or stable, slightly energy). undercut banks with overhanging vegetation, large tree roots, etc.) > Margins with submerged and emergent margins where adjacent banks have no margins where adjacent earth banks are aquatic vegetation and favourable scope for refuges (e.g. bare shallow slumped and actively eroding. bankside habitat > slopes) >>
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
APPENDIX 11.5
Detail 1. Centre Channel Pool Key Features Pool should be egg-shaped. Flow Pool Length 1.5 times channel width.
Gradually slope down to the deepest point (1.5m) in the centre and taper back up towards the tail.
Random Boulders Should also taper down from either side towards the centre.
Should occupy the central 2/3 area of the channel cross section.
Place a number of boulders in the pool. Boulders should be placed in a triangular or diamond shaped pattern
Pool should be placed on average 5-7 channels widths in distance apart
Summer Water Level
Flow
Gravel Bed (see Detail 3)
River Bed Random Boulders Detail 2. Gravel Placement Key Features Pool and gravel bed should be approx same length (1.5 times channel width).
Should occupy the central 2/3 area of the channel cross section.
Start to place gravel at tail of pool (downstream end).
Gravel bed should be 35 to 40cm deep.
Gravel size (see Detail 3 Spawning Gravel).
Up-welling of water through the gravel is essential.
Summer Water Level
Flow
River Bed Detail 3. Spawning Gravel Key Features Wide variation in particle size.
Table 3.1 Washed, rounded stones.
Type Grade % Composition See table 3.1 below for range and % composition of stones required for Irish salmon Cobble 64 - 190mm 10% and sea trout spawning gravels.
Very coarse gravel 32 - 64mm 35% See table 3.2 below for range and % composition of stones required for brown trout Coarse gravel*** 16 – 32mm 25% spawning gravels.
Medium gravel*** 8 - 16mm 20% ***Least critical component of this mix as they will settle naturally once the cobble and very Fine gravel*** 4 – 8mm 10% coarse gravel is placed.
Ratio of cobble to very coarse gravel to be placed - 50:50 .
TableTable 3.24.2 For placement of gravel see Detail 2. Type Grade % Composition
Cobble 64 - 190mm 0%
Very coarse gravel 32 - 64mm 15%
Coarse gravel*** 16 – 32mm 35%
Medium gravel*** 8 - 16mm 30%
Fine gravel*** 4 – 8mm 15%
APPENDIX 11.6 APPENDIX 11.6
Changes to the Hydraulic Environment of the Clare River
Comparison of pre‐ and post‐works scenarios at low (85%ile & 95%ile), intermediate (50%ile and 65%ile) and high (Q‐Bar) flow conditions for:
• channel velocity (m/s),
• stream power (watts / m2) and,
• Froude number. Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
95%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 102‐67) 1.4 NEW EXISTING 1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 86 85 82 81 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 102 101 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 77.4* 77.2* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
95%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 100‐86) 1.4 NEW EXISTING 1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Figure 1(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 2 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
95%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 102‐67) 20
18 NEW EXISTING 16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 86 85 82 81 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 102 101 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 77.4* 77.2* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
95%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 100‐86) 35
30 NEW EXISTING 25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 2(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 3 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
95%ile Froude# (Chainage 102‐67) 1.2 NEW EXISTING
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 86 85 82 81 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 102 101 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 77.4* 77.2* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
95%ile ‐ Froude # (Chainage 100‐86) 1.2
NEW EXISTING 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Figure 3(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 4 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
85%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 102‐67) 1.2
NEW EXISTING 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 86 85 82 81 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 102 101 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 77.4* 77.2* 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 95.808 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
85%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 100‐86) 1.2
NEW EXISTING 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Figure 4(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 5 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
85%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 102‐67) 20 NEW EXISTING 18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 86 85 82 81 102 101 77.4* 77.2* 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
85%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 100‐86) 18
16 NEW EXISTING 14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Figure 5(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 6 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
85%ile ‐ Froude# (Chainage 102‐67) 0.8 NEW EXISTING 0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 86 85 82 81 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 102 101 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 77.4* 77.2* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25*
100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
85%ile ‐ Froude# (Chainage 100‐86) 0.8
0.7 NEW EXISTING 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Figure 6(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 7 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
65%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 102‐67) 1.2
NEW EXISTING 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 99 97 94 92 90 78 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 86 85 82 81 102 101 77.4* 77.2* 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 100.333* 76.6666* 76.3333*
65%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 100‐86) 1.2
NEW EXISTING 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Figure 7(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 8 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
65%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 102‐67) 20
18 NEW EXISTING 16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 99 97 94 92 90 78 86 85 82 81 102 101 77.4* 77.2* 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 76.6666* 76.3333* 100.333*
65%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 100‐86) 20
18 NEW EXISTING 16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Figure 8(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 9 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
65%ile ‐ Froude # (Chainage 102‐67) 0.6
NEW EXISTING 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 76 75 74 73 71 69 68 67 78 99 97 94 92 90 86 85 82 81 102 101 77.4* 77.2* 84.4* 84.2* 83.5* 82.8* 82.6* 80.4* 80.2* 79.5* 78.5* 87.8* 87.6* 87.2* 86.8* 86.6* 83.75* 83.25* 79.75* 79.25* 78.75* 78.25* 95.808 88.75* 88.25* 76.6666* 76.3333* 100.333*
65%ile ‐ Froude# (Chainage 100‐86) 0.6
NEW EXISTING 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Figure 9(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 10 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
1.4 Q50%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 102‐65)
1.2 New Existing 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 73 69 65 86 85 80 79 78 99 98 95 92 89 102 67.5* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 78.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 86.8* 83.25* 81.75* 75.75* 74.75* 88.25* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666* 70.3333* 87.6666* 87.3333* 86.3333* 100.666*
50%ile ‐ Velocity (Chainage 100‐87) 1.4 NEW EXISTING 1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Figure 10(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 11 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Q50%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 102‐65) 40
35 New Existing 30
25
20
15
10
5
0 86 85 80 79 78 73 69 65 99 98 95 92 89 102 86.8* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 78.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 67.5* 88.25* 83.25* 81.75* 75.75* 74.75* 87.6666* 87.3333* 86.3333* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666* 70.3333* 100.666*
50%ile ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 100‐87) 40
35 NEW EXISTING 30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 11(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 12 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
0.6 Q50%ile ‐ Froude (Chainage 102‐65)
0.5 New Existing
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 73 69 65 86 85 80 79 78 99 98 95 92 89 102 67.5* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 78.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 86.8* 83.25* 81.75* 75.75* 74.75* 88.25* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666* 70.3333* 87.6666* 87.3333* 86.3333* 100.666*
50%ile ‐ Froude Number (Chainage 100‐87) 0.6 NEW EXISTING 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Figure 12(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 13 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Q Bar ‐ Velocity (Chainage 102‐65) 2.5
NEW EXISTING
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 99 95 92 89 86 85 80 79 78 73 71 68 66 102 86.8* 86.4* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 88.25* 83.25* 81.75* 75.75* 74.75* 98.3333* 100.666* 87.6666* 87.3333* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 78.6666* 69.6666* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666*
Q Bar ‐ Velocity (Chainage 100‐87) 2.5
NEW EXISTING
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Figure 13(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 14 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Q Bar ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 102‐65) 120 NEW EXISTING 100
80
60
40
20
0 73 71 68 66 86 85 80 79 78 99 95 92 89 102 86.8* 86.4* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 88.25* 83.25* 81.75* 75.75* 74.75* 87.6666* 87.3333* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666* 69.6666* 78.6666* 100.666* 98.3333*
Q Bar ‐ Stream Power (Chainage 100‐87) 140 NEW EXISTING 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Figure 14(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 15 Rev.F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme
Q Bar ‐ Froude # (Chainage 102‐65) 0.50 NEW EXISTING 0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00 73 71 68 66 86 85 80 79 78 99 95 92 89 102 86.8* 86.4* 85.5* 84.6* 84.2* 80.8* 80.4* 79.5* 77.6* 77.2* 76.5* 75.75* 74.75* 88.25* 83.25* 81.75* 75.3333* 74.3333* 73.6666* 69.6666* 87.6666* 87.3333* 83.6666* 82.6666* 82.3333* 81.3333* 78.6666* 100.666* 98.3333*
Q Bar ‐ Froude # (Chainage 100‐87) 0.6 NEW EXISTING 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Figure 15(a) and (b)
MGE0262Rp0012 16 Rev.F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 14.1
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
RMP SITES WITHIN THE SURROUNDING AREA RMP No.: GA069-032 Townland: An Móinteach Theas (Montiagh South) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Dún Coillín NGR: 135171, 233330 Classification: Children’s Burial Ground Dist. from c. 300m south-west of proposed road improvement and river development: Description: The site is located in the north-west corner of a narrow field. The field slopes away to the south-east to an extensive area of bogland now reclaimed. The site is roughly rectangular in plan being slightly wider in the south-east (24m south-east to north- west and 19.5m from south-west to north-east). The north-west and north-east of the site one poorly defined, this area has been ploughed up in recent years. There may be the remains of a structure measuring 3m north-east–south-west and 2m north- west–south-east. In the south-east the site makes a kink in the boundary wall that runs along the southern edge of the site. No headstones were observed. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-011 Townland: Chathair Ghabann nó Páirc an tSamhraidh (Cahergowan or Summerfield) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Dún Coillín NGR: 137070, 232866 Classification: Redundant Record Dist. from c. 450m south of river development: Description: The site lies to the west of a petrol station on the west side of road from Claregalway to Claregalway castle. This was the site of a natural pond which has in recent years been filled in. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-012001, 002 Townland: Chathair Ghabann nó Páirc an tSamhraidh (Cahergowan or Summerfield) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Dún Coillín NGR: 137225, 233192 Classification: Church/Abbey and Graveyard Dist. from Immediately south of river development: Description: The site is situated to the south of the Clare River on a slight rise in otherwise flat fertile countryside. The site appears as the ruined remains of a roughly rectangular church. All that remains are portions of the north and south walls while there are no discernible traces of the east and west walls. The interior of the site has been used as a graveyard and this is at present totally overgrown. The south wall appears to have contained a doorway. The church was constructed of undressed, un-coursed stones and mortar. The south wall survives to a length of roughly 26.5m. The features on this wall appear to be the remains of two windows. The easterly of these is splayed inwards and is set in a rounded arched embrasure. The other window near the centre is also deeply splayed. Both windows are poorly preserved. The present height of the south wall is 3m and 1.2m thick. The north wall scurvies to approx. 5m high. There are the remains of a splayed window east of the centre. A short laneway meets the western end of the north wall and is enclosed itself by two stone built walls approx. 3m high. From the exterior the western end of the south wall appears to have contained a doorway. Most of the headstones or grave slabs are wholly or partially covered with vegetation. OS Letters 1909-1910: Ruins of an Abbey in the gothic style erected according to
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Ware in or about the year 1290 for Franciscan friars by John de Cogan. The only discernible entrance to the graveyard is through a laneway at the north- west corner. Tombstones and grave slabs both remain here. The grave slabs are totally overgrown and illegible. They appear to be 19th at the earliest. There are also numerous grave markers mostly very small which are grass covered. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-036, 001 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137312, 233271 Classification: Castle/Tower House and Bawn Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: The castle is in a strategic situation commanding the main road from Galway to Tuam which runs alongside to the west of the site and the Clare River which flows to the south. This is a fine example of a tower house it is rectangular in base plan with slightly battered walls which are rounded off. It seems to have had 4 floors originally of which only 1 floor survives. It also had wall bartizans one on each wall in commanding positions, however all that remains of these are projecting corbels which support the bartizans. The castle has a fine entrance doorway of cut stone; it also has a well preserved spiral staircase and then a short straight staircase near the top of the building. The castle is still structurally quite sound although there is no trace of the roof surviving. The castle has adjoining it to the north and south, east several later buildings which form part of a farm yard. Some may preserve the original line of a bawn wall if the castle had one. This is one of the few castles in the county that had a falling portcullis of iron, the grooves and slots of which are in excellent preservation. O’Donovan Ordnance Survey Letters Vol. 1 1839: “Those of a square castle in good preservation. This was formerly the residence of MacWilliam Oughter de Burgo as we learn from the Four Master’s of the year 1469” Excursion, description of Claregalway Kelly J.R. 1895, 229: “The Clare Galway Castle was one of the Clanricarde foundations and in 1642 it was strongly garrisoned by the Earl of Clanricarde and here he received the proposals for the surrender of Galway as signed by the Mayor Walter Lynch. In 1651 the castle was taken by the provisional forces.” Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-036002 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137295, 233272 Classification: Road-road/trackway Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: Details from a report of unlicenced monitoring in relation to the laying of a pipeline adjacent to Claregalway Castle in 2009 (GA070-036). The report noted a cobbled surface that was uncovered at a depth of 0.85m below the existing road surface. It was exposed for a length of 9.4m north–south and a width of 0.6m and appeared to continue south beyond the extent of the excavation works. It was decided that the pipeline would not encroach on the cobble surface and the cobbles remains in situ and were covered with a layer of gravel before being backfilled. It was not possible to determine a date for the cobbles directly but they appear to be associated with outbuilding to the northwest of the tower house. A post 16th century date is assumed. Reference: RMP File
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
RMP No.: GA070-071 Townland: Cill Torróg (Kiltroge) Parish: Leacach Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 139666, 232986 Classification: Castle/Tower House Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: Site is marked as ‘Kiltroge Castle (in ruins)’ on OS maps. The tower house is situated amongst flat, good quality pastureland. A secondary road runs to the east. While the Clare River runs to the southeast, approx. 20m from the site. The site consists of the poor remains of a five storey tower house. The main ground plan is rectangular with and additional rectangular structure to the east. The walls are battered and rise from a plinth on the east side this may indicate that bawn walls were once present on the other three sides, although no evidence for this is now visible. The tower house appears to be of only one building phase. However now all that remains is an outer shell since both the floors and the staircase has been destroyed. The main architectural features consist of various window forms while a single fire-place and the main doorway in the east are also evident. The tower house is now being used as shelter for cattle as well as this many architectural features are badly dilapidated while the stairs are dangerous with what remains of them in danger of collapse. Finally the 4 corners where the tower house was battered have many stones missing; this seems to threaten the existence of the structure. Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society Vol. 1 1900-1901 Pg 46. “Kiltroge, exists a subterranean river rises within a few yard of its walls. There is a fox village within a mile; probably it is the Foxe’s Castle on the 1585 list.” Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-111001 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137417, 233200 Classification: Moated site Dist. from Immediately south of river development: Description: Situated in level pasture on ‘island’ between old 18th century course of Clare River to south and present Clare River to the north. Truncated across ENE edge by field boundary. Raised (H 0.42m) roughly rectangular area (dimensions 18m WSW–ENE) defined by earthen scarp (H 0.27–0.42m) to SSE side (L 18m), WSE side (L 14m) and (L 17m) to NNW side. Monument truncated to the ENE side (L 14m) by stone field boundary (long axis NNW–SSE) crossing field. Clear evidence of remains of fosse (basal W 1m, overall W 4.5m, D 0.18m) on WSW side and only slight traces (not measureable) to SSE and NNW sides. Interior contains what appear to be remnants of broad ridge and furrow cultivation strips, also visible in aerial photograph. Plaque on bridge states that the 9 arch bridge was erected in early 1700’s. In 1765 John Borkin a local landlord from Lackagh changed the course of the river to deepen the channel in order to improve drainage and make the river negotiable up to Tuam. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-111002 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137361, 233185 Classification: Earthwork Dist. from Immediately south of river development:
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
Description: Site is situated in level pasture on ‘island’ between old 18th century course of Clare river (now a stream) to south and present Clare River to the north. Slight surface trace, clear of vegetation. Slight visible surface trace of irregular shaped area located between moated site (GA070-011101) and enclosure (GA070-111003/GA070- 2NEW). Sub-oval area (dimensions 40m NNW–SSE, 36m WSW–ENE) defined by moated site to ENE and what appears to be dry stream beds to SSE, WSE and NNW. This area appears to be cut by wide ridge and furrow cultivation strips (long- axis NNW-SSE). They appear too frequent to be drains. This area is known locally as Claregalway Island. The Clare River divides both upstream and downstream to encircle this area. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-111003 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137325, 233173 Classification: Large enclosure Dist. from Immediately south of river development: Description: Site is situated in level pasture on an ‘island’ between old 18th century course of Clare river (now a stream) to south and present Clare River to north. Site is traceable and clear of vegetation. Slightly raised D shaped area (40m north–south, straight side 32m east to west across centre) defined by levelled straight side (L 40m) to west and curvilinear scarp best preserved ENE–east (W 2.6m, H 0.5m) and ESE– south-west (W 7.6m, H 0.85m). Entrance (W 12m) at east. Present straight side shown on recent aerial photograph, however earlier aerial photograph shows this as a curvilinear feature so it has clearly been modified on the western side sometime between the date of the two photographs. Monument truncated north-west to north- east by river levee of drainage material and levelled north-east–ENE. Linear feature- bank like, very low extends (long axis east–west) from enclosure at southwest. Southern edge has been eroded by water in the past. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-114 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137260, 233347 Classification: Redundant Record Dist. from c. 75m north of river development: Description: No visible surface traces. Potential site identified by aerial photograph from Eamonn O’Donoghue. Slight rise in field around tree (badly damages and only stump and lower trunk survives). Other undulations across, possibly associated with roots or rock outcrop, surface of field, but in no discernible pattern. Abbey complex close to west in adjacent field. Reference: RMP File
RMP No.: GA070-035001−26 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 13714, 23334 Classification: Abbey (1), graveyard (2), watermill (3) graveslabs (4−7), tomb, armorial plaque, 17th Century grave slabs (8−26) Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: The friary (1) was in existence in or before c. 1252. An indulgence was granted in
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
1291 to penitents visiting the church. In the late 16th century the possessions included six cottages and gardens, 24 acres arable, pasture for 24 cows on commons and a water mill. In 1570 the friary was granted to Richard de Burgo however the friars remained in or near the place until Sir Richard Bingham converted the buildings into a barracks (c. 1589). Following 1641 the monks attempted to restore the monastery with intermittent success until 1765. The chapel remained in use until the 19th century. The remains consist of a church, cloister and domestic buildings. The chancel has on each side six windows of the 13th century. The belfry, chapel and east window are likely to date from the 15th century.
The graveyard (2) is rectangular in shape and is divided internally into three sections. The main section of the graveyard is located to the east and south-east of the kitchen and refectory. Tombstones within this are mostly modern in date. A smaller rectangular graveyard is located in the NNW and is separated from the main graveyard by a walkway and the friary transept – as such it is thought this could represent the monks burial ground. A further modern graveyard is located near to this. Burials are located within the chancel with tombs, one of which dated 1648 (others 18th century), and flat slabs are recorded. Of the many medieval and later tombstones and grave slabs an interesting monument commemorates two men who worked the land. A ‘Dextera Dei’, a plough and a tilled field are carved upon the grave slab. A watermill (3) is mentioned in the possessions of the friary in late 16th century. A location for the mill is unknown however it is thought to be sited south of the friary. Reference: RMP file
RMP No.: GA070-109 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 13714, 23334 Classification: Deserted settlement (medieval) Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: Following on from a geophysical survey (Harrison and Mac Domhnaill, 2010) archaeological testing and resolution (O’ Neill 2011; Ministerial Consent E4248) was undertaken at three locations in Baile Chláir (Claregalway) in 2010. Excavations were undertaken to the immediate east of the Franciscan Friary (RMP GA070- 035001−26) and deserted medieval village (RMP GA070-109) which revealed evidence for settlement. The north portion of the site was covered with a deposit of animal bone, metallurgical waste, shell, medieval pottery, floor tile and a number of metal artefacts (ibid.). A number of boundary ditches and drainage ditches were identified adjacent to c. 23 large pits. A long cross penny and arrowhead were retrieved from one of the pits and two human skulls were found in other pits (ibid.). Reference: RMP file
RMP No.: GA070-073001-2 Townland: Cill Torróg (Kiltroge) Parish: Leacach Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 13859, 23291; 13859, 23292 Classification: House undetermined, Burial Dist. from c. 400m north of river development: Description: The site appears as a roughly circular stone circle. The inner and outer foundations of the circle are clearly defined from east to WSW by a line of large stones in situ – interpreted as remains of a possible hut. Upon inspection of the hut remains the landowner made reference to a burial ground in the vicinity. There were no gravemarkers noted in 1983. Reference: RMP file
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
RMP No.: GA070-072 Townland: Cill Torróg (Kiltroge) Parish: Leacach Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 13860, 23279 Classification: Enclosure Dist. from c. 250m north of river development: Description: Map evidence suggests that this site was an enclosure however the area has been levelled. The site exists as very slight traces of a circular enclosure, scarcely discernable. A field boundary truncates the site in the north-west. Reference: RMP file
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 14.2
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
STRAY FINDS WITHIN THE SURROUNDING AREA Information on artefact finds from the study area in County Galway has been recorded by the National Museum of Ireland since the late 18th century. Location information relating to these finds is important in establishing prehistoric and historic activity in the study area.
Museum No: 1965:37 Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Claregalway Barony: Clare Find: Iron Key Find place: In graveyard of an Abbey Description: Iron Key Reference: Topographical File
Museum No: Record Only (1931) Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Claregalway Barony: Clare Find: Human Remains Find place: Sand pit Description: It was not thought to be archaeological at the time of reporting therefore no further record exists for these remains. Reference: Topographical Files
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 14.3
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
PROTECTED STRUCTURES AND NIAH STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SURROUNDING AREA
RPS No: 110 NIAH No.: n/a Townland: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137320, 233290 Classification: Castle (also RMP GA070-036) Dist. from Immediately north of river development: Description: Square 15th century castle guarding river crossing. Under going repairs. Categories of Special Historical and Architectural Heritage Interest: Rating: Regional Reference: Galway Co. Co. Development Plan
RPS No: n/a NIAH No.: 30407012 Townland: Chathair Ghabann nó Páirc an tSamhraidh (Cahergowan or Summerfield) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137274, 233216 Classification: Handball alley Dist. from Immediately south of the river development: Description: Detached handball alley, dated 1953, now disused. Rectangular plan with concrete walls, side walls sloping up towards playing wall, and rear and sloping walls having concrete buttresses to exterior face. Three-bay single- storey roofless lean-to structure to rear. Later concrete block wall to east, entrance, end with square-headed doorway. Remains of iron posts to top of rear and side walls. Set back from road with fieldstone boundary wall to road and adjacent fields. Categories of Special Architectural Social Interest: Rating: Regional Reference: NIAH Survey
RPS No: 108 NIAH No.: 30407011 Townland: Chathair Ghabann nó Páirc an tSamhraidh (Cahergowan or Summerfield) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137290, 233240 Classification: Bridge Dist. from c. 100m south of river development: Description: Nine-arch road bridge, built c.1710, now bypassed by recent bridge. Central arch flanked by arches of decreasing sizes. Coursed hammer-dressed limestone walls, with roughly squared and snecked rubble limestone parapets having copings of rubble stone set on edge, and with section of rounded coping to east parapet. Round arches with draughted and pecked limestone voussoirs to arch rings. Square-plan random rubble piers to either end of east elevation. Set beside Galway-Tuam road with flight of seven steps to south. This bridge ceased to be used in the mid-nineteenth century
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
when the river it crossed was diverted. Restoration work was carried out to the stonework of the east elevation and carriageway in 2003. Categories of Special Architectural Technical Interest: Rating: Regional Reference: Galway Co. Co. Development Plan, NIAH Survey
RPS No: 109 NIAH No.: 30407013 Townland: Chathair Ghabann nó Páirc an tSamhraidh (Cahergowan or Summerfield) Parish: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) Barony: Baile Chláir (Claregalway) NGR: 137129, 232814 Classification: Thatched vernacular building Dist. from c. 450m south of the river development: Description: Detached three-bay single-storey vernacular house, built c. 1800, having single-storey corrugated-iron roof extension to rear. Pitched thatched roof with decoratively scolloped block ridge and rendered chimneystack to north- east gable. Roughcast rendered and painted walls. Square-headed openings with replacement timber casement windows throughout, having painted limestone sills. Central bay possibly former doorway, now window. Set back from road with garden to front behind rendered and painted boundary wall with decorative metal railings. Categories of Special Architectural Social Interest: Rating: Regional Reference: Galway Co. Co. Development Plan, NIAH Survey
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
APPENDIX 14.4
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01
Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK PROTECTING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Protection of Cultural Heritage
The cultural heritage in Ireland is safeguarded through national and international policy designed to secure the protection of the cultural heritage resource to the fullest possible extent (Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands 1999, 35). This is undertaken in accordance with the provisions of the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Valletta Convention), ratified by Ireland in 1997.
The Archaeological Resource
The National Monuments Act 1930 to 2004 and relevant provisions of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997 are the primary means of ensuring the satisfactory protection of archaeological remains, which includes all man-made structures of whatever form or date except buildings habitually used for ecclesiastical purposes. A National Monument is described as ‘a monument or the remains of a monument the preservation of which is a matter of national importance by reason of the historical, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest attaching thereto’ (National Monuments Act 1930 Section 2).
A number of mechanisms under the National Monuments Act are applied to secure the protection of archaeological monuments. These include the Register of Historic Monuments, the Record of Monuments and Places, and the placing of Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders on endangered sites.
Ownership and Guardianship of National Monuments
The Minister may acquire national monuments by agreement or by compulsory order. The state or local authority may assume guardianship of any national monument (other than dwellings). The owners of national monuments (other than dwellings) may also appoint the Minister or the local authority as guardian of that monument if the state or local authority agrees. Once the site is in ownership or guardianship of the state, it may not be interfered with without the written consent of the Minister.
Register of Historic Monuments
Section 5 of the 1987 Act requires the Minister to establish and maintain a Register of Historic Monuments. Historic monuments and archaeological areas present on the register are afforded statutory protection under the 1987 Act. Any interference with sites recorded on the register is illegal without the permission of the Minister. Two months notice in writing is required prior to any work being undertaken on or in the vicinity of a registered monument. The register also includes sites under Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders. All registered monuments are included in the Record of Monuments and Places.
Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders
Sites deemed to be in danger of injury or destruction can be allocated Preservation Orders under the 1930 Act. Preservation Orders make any interference with the site illegal. Temporary Preservation Orders can be attached under the 1954 Act. These perform the same function as a Preservation Order but have a time limit of six months, after which the situation must be reviewed. Work may only be
MGE0262Rp0012 Rev. F01 Clare River (Claregalway) Flood Relief Scheme Appendices undertaken on or in the vicinity of sites under Preservation Orders with the written consent, and at the discretion, of the Minister.
Record of Monuments and Places
Section 12(1) of the 1994 Act requires the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (now the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government) to establish and maintain a record of monuments and places where the Minister believes that such monuments exist. The record comprises a list of monuments and relevant places and a map/s showing each monument and relevant place in respect of each county in the state. All sites recorded on the Record of Monuments and Places receive statutory protection under the National Monuments Act 1994. All recorded monuments on the proposed development site are represented on the accompanying maps.
Section 12(3) of the 1994 Act provides that ‘where the owner or occupier (other than the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands) of a monument or place included in the Record, or any other person, proposes to carry out, or to cause or permit the carrying out of, any work at or in relation to such a monument or place, he or she shall give notice in writing to the Minister of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands to carry out work and shall not, except in the case of urgent necessity and with the consent of the Minister, commence the work until two months after the giving of notice’.
Under the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 2004, anyone who demolishes or in any way interferes with a recorded site is liable to a fine not exceeding €3,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months. On summary conviction and on conviction of indictment, a fine not exceeding €10,000 or imprisonment for up to 5 years is the penalty. In addition they are liable for costs for the repair of the damage caused.
In addition to this, under the European Communities (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 1989, Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) are required for various classes and sizes of development project to assess the impact the proposed development will have on the existing environment, which includes the cultural, archaeological and built heritage resources. These document’s recommendations are typically incorporated into the conditions under which the proposed development must proceed, and thus offer an additional layer of protection for monuments which have not been listed on the RMP.
The Planning and Development Act 2000
Under planning legislation, each local authority is obliged to draw up a Development Plan setting out their aims and policies with regard to the growth of the area over a five-year period. They cover a range of issues including archaeology and built heritage, setting out their policies and objectives with regard to the protection and enhancement of both. These policies can vary from county to county. The Planning and Development Act 2000 recognises that proper planning and sustainable development includes the protection of the archaeological heritage. Conditions relating to archaeology may be attached to individual planning permissions.
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APPENDIX 11.5
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LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK PROTECTING THE ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCE
The main laws protecting the built heritage are the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and National Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999 and the Local Government (Planning and Development) Acts 1963-1999, which has now been superseded by the Planning and Development Act, 2000. The Architectural Heritage Act requires the Minister to establish a survey to identify, record and assess the architectural heritage of the country. The background to this legislation derives from Article 2 of the 1985 Convention for the Protection of Architectural Heritage (Granada Convention). This states that:
For the purpose of precise identification of the monuments, groups of structures and sites to be protected, each member state will undertake to maintain inventories of that architectural heritage.
The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) was established in 1990 to fulfil Ireland’s obligation under the Granada Convention, through the establishment and maintenance of a central record, documenting and evaluating the architecture of Ireland (NIAH Handbook 2005:2). As inclusion in the inventory does not provide statutory protection, the survey information is used in conjunction with the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities to advise local authorities on compilation of a Record of Protected Structures as required by the Planning and Development Act, 2000.
Protection under the Record of Protected Structures and County Development Plan
Structures of architectural, cultural, social, scientific, historical, technical or archaeological interest can be protected under the Planning and Development Act, 2000, where the conditions relating to the protection of the architectural heritage are set out in Part IV of the act. This act superseded the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 1999, and came into force on 1st January 2000.
The act provides for the inclusion of Protected Structures into the planning authorities’ development plans and sets out statutory regulations regarding works affecting such structures. Under new legislation, no distinction is made between buildings formerly classified under development plans as List 1 and List 2. Such buildings are now all regarded as ‘Protected Structures’ and enjoy equal statutory protection. Under the act the entire structure is protected, including a structure’s interior, exterior, attendant grounds and also any structures within the attendant grounds.
The act defines a Protected Structure as (a) a structure, or (b) a specified part of a structure which is included in a Record of Protected Structures (RPS), and, where that record so indicates, includes any specified feature which is in the attendant grounds of the structure and which would not otherwise be included in this definition. Protection of the structure, or part thereof, includes conservation, preservation, and improvement compatible with maintaining its character and interest. Part IV of the act deals with architectural heritage, and Section 57 deals specifically with works affecting the character of Protected Structures or proposed Protected Structures and states that no works should materially affect the character of the structure or any element of the structure that contributes to its special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest. The act does not provide specific criteria for assigning a special interest to a structure. However, the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) offers guidelines to its field workers as to how to designate a building with a special interest, which are not mutually exclusive. This offers guidance by example rather than by definition:
Archaeological
It is to be noted that the NIAH is biased towards post-1700 structures. Structures that have archaeological features may be recorded, providing the archaeological features are incorporated within
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Architectural
A structure may be considered of special architectural interest under the following criteria:
• Good quality or well executed architectural design
• The work of a known and distinguished architect, engineer, designer, craftsman
• A structure that makes a positive contribution to a setting, such as a streetscape or rural setting
• Modest or vernacular structures may be considered to be of architectural interest, as they are part of the history of the built heritage of Ireland.
• Well designed decorative features, externally and/or internally
Historical
A structure may be considered of special historical interest under the following criteria:
• A significant historical event associated with the structure
• An association with a significant historical figure
• Has a known interesting and/or unusual change of use, e.g. a former workhouse now in use as a hotel
• A memorial to a historical event.
Technical
A structure may be considered of special technical interest under the following criteria:
• Incorporates building materials of particular interest, i.e. the materials or the technology used for construction
• It is the work of a known or distinguished engineer
• Incorporates innovative engineering design, e.g. bridges, canals or mill weirs
• A structure which has an architectural interest may also merit a technical interest due to the structural techniques used in its construction, e.g. a curvilinear glasshouse, early use of concrete, cast-iron prefabrication.
• Mechanical fixtures relating to a structure may be considered of technical significance.
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Cultural
A structure may be considered of special cultural interest under the following criteria:
• An association with a known fictitious character or event, e.g. Sandycove Martello Tower, which featured in Ulysses.
• Other structure that illustrate the development of society, such as early schoolhouses, swimming baths or printworks.
Scientific
A structure may be considered of special scientific interest under the following criteria:
• A structure or place which is considered to be an extraordinary or pioneering scientific or technical achievement in the Irish context, e.g. Mizen Head Bridge, Birr Telescope.
Social
A structure may be considered of special social interest under the following criteria:
• A focal point of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment to a group of people, e.g. a place of worship, a meeting point, assembly rooms.
• Developed or constructed by a community or organisation, e.g. the construction of the railways or the building of a church through the patronage of the local community
• Illustrates a particular lifestyle, philosophy, or social condition of the past, e.g. the hierarchical accommodation in a country house, philanthropic housing, vernacular structures.
Artistic
A structure may be considered of special artistic interest under the following criteria:
• Work of a skilled craftsman or artist, e.g. plasterwork, wrought-iron work, carved elements or details, stained glass, stations of the cross.
• Well designed mass produced structures or elements may also be considered of artistic interest.
(From the NIAH Handbook 2003 & 2005 pages 15-20)
The Local Authority has the power to order conservation and restoration works to be undertaken by the owner of the protected structure if it considers the building to be in need of repair. Similarly, an owner or developer must make a written request to the Local Authority to carry out any works on a protected structure and its environs, which will be reviewed within three months of application. Failure to do so may result in prosecution.
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APPENDIX 14.6
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND THE CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE
Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Historical Remains
Impacts are defined as ‘the degree of change in an environment resulting from a development’ (Environmental Protection Agency 2003: 31). They are described as profound, significant or slight impacts on archaeological remains. They may be negative, positive or neutral, direct, indirect or cumulative, temporary or permanent.
Impacts can be identified from detailed information about a project, the nature of the area affected and the range of archaeological and historical resources potentially affected. Development can affect the archaeological and historical resource of a given landscape in a number of ways.
• Permanent and temporary land-take, associated structures, landscape mounding, and their construction may result in damage to or loss of archaeological remains and deposits, or physical loss to the setting of historic monuments and to the physical coherence of the landscape.
• Archaeological sites can be affected adversely in a number of ways: disturbance by excavation, topsoil stripping and the passage of heavy machinery; disturbance by vehicles working in unsuitable conditions; or burial of sites, limiting accessibility for future archaeological investigation.
• Hydrological changes in groundwater or surface water levels can result from construction activities such as de-watering and spoil disposal, or longer-term changes in drainage patterns. These may desiccate archaeological remains and associated deposits.
• Visual impacts on the historic landscape sometimes arise from construction traffic and facilities, built earthworks and structures, landscape mounding and planting, noise, fences and associated works. These features can impinge directly on historic monuments and historic landscape elements as well as their visual amenity value.
• Landscape measures such as tree planting can damage sub-surface archaeological features, due to topsoil stripping and through the root action of trees and shrubs as they grow.
• Ground consolidation by construction activities or the weight of permanent embankments can cause damage to buried archaeological remains, especially in colluviums or peat deposits.
• Disruption due to construction also offers in general the potential for adversely affecting archaeological remains. This can include machinery, site offices, and service trenches.
Although not widely appreciated, positive impacts can accrue from developments. These can include positive resource management policies, improved maintenance and access to archaeological monuments, and the increased level of knowledge of a site or historic landscape as a result of archaeological assessment and fieldwork.
Predicted Impacts
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The severity of a given level of land-take or visual intrusion varies with the type of monument, site or landscape features and its existing environment. Severity of impact can be judged taking the following into account:
• The proportion of the feature affected and how far physical characteristics fundamental to the understanding of the feature would be lost;
• Consideration of the type, date, survival/condition, fragility/vulnerability, rarity, potential and amenity value of the feature affected;
• Assessment of the levels of noise, visual and hydrological impacts, either in general or site specific terms, as may be provided by other specialists.
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MITIGATION MEASURES AND THE CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE
Potential Mitigation Strategies for Cultural Heritage Remains
Mitigation is defined as features of the design or other measures of the proposed development that can be adopted to avoid, prevent, reduce or offset negative effects.
The best opportunities for avoiding damage to archaeological remains or intrusion on their setting and amenity arise when the site options for the development are being considered. Damage to the archaeological resource immediately adjacent to developments may be prevented by the selection of appropriate construction methods. Reducing adverse effects can be achieved by good design, for example by screening historic buildings or upstanding archaeological monuments or by burying archaeological sites undisturbed rather than destroying them. Offsetting adverse effects is probably best illustrated by the full investigation and recording of archaeological sites that cannot be preserved in situ.
Definition of Mitigation Strategies
Archaeological Resource
The ideal mitigation for all archaeological sites is preservation in situ. This is not always a practical solution, however. Therefore a series of recommendations are offered to provide ameliorative measures where avoidance and preservation in situ are not possible.
Full Archaeological Excavation involves the scientific removal and recording of all archaeological features, deposits and objects to the level of geological strata or the base level of any given development. Full archaeological excavation is recommended where initial investigation has uncovered evidence of archaeologically significant material or structures and where avoidance of the site is not possible.
Archaeological Test Trenching can be defined as ‘a limited programme... of intrusive fieldwork which determines the presence or absence of archaeological features, structures, deposits, artefacts or ecofacts within a specified area or site on land or underwater. If such archaeological remains are present test trenching defines their character and extent and relative quality.’ (IFA 2001c, 1)
Archaeological Monitoring can be defined as a ‘formal programme of observation and investigation conducted during any operation carried out for non-archaeological reasons within a specified area or site on land or underwater, where there is possibility that archaeological deposits may be disturbed or destroyed. The programme will result in the preparation of a report and ordered archive.’ (IFA 2001b, 1)
Underwater Archaeological Assessment consists of a programme of works carried out by a specialist underwater archaeologist, which can involve wade surveys, metal detection surveys and the excavation of test pits within the sea or riverbed. These assessments are able to access and assess the potential of an underwater environment to a much higher degree than terrestrial based assessments.
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Architectural Resource
The architectural resource is generally subject to a greater degree of change than archaeological sites, as structures may survive for many years but their usage may change continually. This can be reflected in the fabric of the building, with the addition and removal of doors, windows and extensions. Due to their often more visible presence within the landscape than archaeological sites, the removal of such structures can sometimes leave a discernable ‘gap’ with the cultural identity of a population. However, a number of mitigation measures are available to ensure a record is made of any structure that is deemed to be of special interest, which may be removed or altered as part of a proposed development.
Conservation Assessment consists of a detailed study of the history of a building and can include the surveying of elevations to define the exact condition of the structure. These assessments are carried out by Conservation Architects and would commonly be carried out in association with proposed alterations or renovations on a Recorded Structure.
Building Survey may involve making an accurate record of elevations (internal and external), internal floor plans and external sections. This is carried out using a EDM (Electronic Distance Measurer) and GPS technology to create scaled drawings that provide a full record of the appearance of a building at the time of the survey.
Historic Building Assessment is generally specific to one building, which may have historic significance, but is not a Protected Structure or listed within the NIAH. A full historical background for the structure is researched and the site is visited to assess the standing remains and make a record of any architectural features of special interest. These assessments can also be carried out in conjunction with a building survey.
Written and Photographic record provides a basic record of features such as stone walls, which may have a small amount of cultural heritage importance and are recorded for prosperity. Dimensions of the feature are recorded with a written description and photographs as well as some cartographic reference, which may help to date a feature.
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