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Download Chapter (PDF) CHRONOLOGY 2 Burundi President Pierre Buyoya announces cabinet reshuffle and gives up defence portfolio. France Pierre Bérégovoy appointed Prime Minister. 3 Albania Sali Berisha, leader of Democratic Party, elected Presi- dent by People's Assembly. 5 Germany Extreme right-wing parties make significant gains in state elections in Baden-Württemberg and Schleswig-Holstein. Peru President Alberto Fujimoro suspends constitution and dis- solves parliament. 5-6 Italy Inconclusive general election leads to resignation of Presi- dent Francesco Cossiga. 6 Yugoslavia EC recognises independent Bosnia-Hercegovina, fol- lowed by USA on 7 April. Zaïre National conference suspended on 19 Jan. resumed, adopts sovereign status on 17 April. 7 EC European Parliament passes resolution effectively approving Maastricht Treaty. Thailand Supreme Commander of armed forces General Suchinda Kraprayoon appointed Prime Minister Yugoslavia UN Security Council recommends full deployment of UN protection force in Yugoslavia. 9 UK Conservative Party led by John Major wins fourth consecutive term of office in general election. 10 Iran First round of voting to elect new parliament. Australia Ruling Australian Labor Party humiliatingly defeated in 11 by-election. 13 Brazil Major cabinet reshuffle by President Fernando Collor de Mello in response to corruption scandals. 14 Czechoslovakia President Vaclav Havel announces intention to seek further presidential term. Afghanistan President Najibullah removed from power. 15 Ethiopia Ceasefire signed by Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front and Oromo Liberation Front. Libya Mandatory UN sanctions come into force. Vietnam National Assembly unanimously approves new constitu- tion. 16 Malawi President Hastings Banda dissolves National Assembly and announces legislative elections. 24 Afghanistan Majority of mujahideen groups agree three-stage plan for transfer of power following fall of Najibullah. 26 Mali Alpha Oumar Konaré, leader of Alliance for Democracy, elected President in second-round voting. 27 St Lucia United Workers' Party led by Prime Minister John Compton wins third five-year term in general election. Yugoslavia Federal Assembly adopts constitution of new Yugoslav state, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising the two republics of Serbia and Montenegro only. 28 Yugoslavia UN agrees in principle to extend involvement in Yugoslavia to Bosnia. XXXV CHRONOLOGY—contd. 30 Sierra Leone President Joseph Momoh displaced in coup. 1 Sierra Leone Captain Valentine Strasser named chairman of new National Provincial Ruling Council. 2 EFTA/EC Agreement on European Economic Area signed by members of both EFTA and EC. 5 Pakistan Fundamentalist JIP party announces withdrawal from ruling Islamic Democratic Alliance. Suriname Suspension of guerilla hostilities announced. 7 Russia President Boris Yeltsin announces establishment of Russian Federation armed forces. 9 Azerbaijan Armenians take control of Shusha, last Azerbaijani stronghold in disputed area of Nagorno-Karabakh. 11 The Gambia President Dawda Jawara sworn in for fifth term. Philippines Fidel Ramos elected President. 17 Haiti OAS agrees to tighten trade sanctions against military- backed provisional government. 18 Turkmenistan New constitution adopted unanimously by Supreme Soviet. 21 EC Radical reform of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) agreed. 3-3 Fiji Fijian Political Party led by Major General Sitiveni Rabuka wins general election. 24 Thailand Prime Minister Suchinda Kraprayoon resigns after violent protests against military clampdown and intervention of King. 25 Italy Christian Democrat Speaker of Chamber of Deputies Oscar Luigi Scalfaro elected President. 26 CIS Commander-in-Chief of CIS armed forces announces removal of Black Sea fleet from CIS command. 27 Brazil Congress approves special commission of enquiry into cor- ruption allegations against President Fernando Collor de Mello. 2 EC/Denmark Referendum result opposes by small margin ratifica- tion of Maastricht Treaty. Kazakhstan New constitution adopted by Supreme Soviet. USA Final round of primary elections gives President George Bush and Governor Bill Clinton Republican and Democrat nominations respectively. l-l' UN UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro ('Earth Summit') held. 4-5 Poland Vote of no confidence in government of Prime Minister Jan Olszewski. 5 Sudan Government and two factions of rebel Sudanese People's Liberation Army agree to peaceful negotiations. 5-6 Czechoslovakia Elections to Czechoslovak Federal Assembly and Czech and Slovak parliaments. 6 Somalia Eleven factions agree to implement UN-backed ceasefire. 8 Mali Alpha Oumar Konare sworn in as President. CHRONOLOGY—contd. 9 Indonesia President Suharto's ruling Golkar party retains power in parliamentary elections. 12 Hong Kong First forcible repatriations of 'boat people' to Vietnam under new UK/Vietnamese accord. 13 Canada Inter-provincial talks on constitutional reform collapse without agreement. 15 Russia Yegor Gaidar named Prime Minister by President Boris Yeltsin. 16 Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore appoints Youssouf Ouedraogo Prime Minister. 17 Lebanon Release of two German relief workers held hostage since May 1989. 18 Chad Military government pre-empts coup. Czechoslovakia Vaclav Klaus of dominant Czech Civil Demo- cratic Party anounces intention to stand as Czech rather than fed- eral Prime Minister. EC/Ireland Referendum in favour of ratification of Maastricht Treaty. Italy Giuliano Amato of Socialist Unity Party appointed Prime Minister. 23 Czechoslovakia Slovak National Council elects Ivan Gasparovic as chairman. Israel Labour Party under Itzhak Rabin win elections to Knesset (parliament), ending 15 years of Likud domination. South Africa African National Congress withdraws from constitu- tional talks after Boipatong massacre. 25 Black Sea states Conference of heads of 11 Black Sea countries sign economic co-operation pact. 6-2 EC Lisbon summit of heads of state and government aims to maintain momentum towards integration. Malawi Single-party elections to National Assembly. Mercosur Meeting of Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, members of planned Latin American common market, due to begin operations on 31 Dec. 1994. 28 EC Resignation of Carlo Ripa de Meana, EC Commissioner for the Environment, to serve in Italian government. Estonia Referendum endorses draft constitution providing for par- liamentary system with strong presidency. 29 Algeria Assassination of Mohammed Boudiaf, president of High Committee of State. Thailand House of Representatives dissolved by royal decree. 30 Philippines General Fidel Ramos sworn in as President. 3 Poland Hanna Suchocka approved as Prime Minister. 5 Ecuador Sixto Duran Ballen, leader of right-wing United Repub- lican Party, wins run-off presidential elections. 6 CIS Meeting of heads of state in Moscow agrees to establish joint peace-keeping force. Northern Ireland First meeting of all main parties and Irish gov- ernment ministers since 1922. xxxvii CHRONOLOGY—contd. 6-8 G7 18th annual summit of group of seven industrialised countries. Canada Compromise agreement on constitutional reform an- 7 nounced. Bolivia Eight political parties agree package of constitutional, 9 judicial and educational changes. CSCE Leaders of 52 member countries agree to transform the 9-10 CSCE into an effective body capable of preventing wars and promoting political stability. 14 Yugoslavia Milan Panic elected Prime Minister. 16 Macedonia Government falls after failing to gain international recognition for an independent Macedonia following Greek objections to its using the name 'Macedonia'. 17 Czechoslovakia Slovak National Council approves declaration of sovereignty; resignation of federal President Vàclav Havel. 18 UK John Smith elected leader of Labour Party to replace Neil Kinnock. 20 Yugoslavia EC states that new Yugoslav federation of Serbia and Montenegro is unacceptable as successor state to the former Yugoslavia. 23-26 Seychelles President France-Albert René's ruling Seychelles People's Progressive Party wins majority in multi-party elec- tions. 1 Suriname Peace accord signed by government and two largest guerilla groups. 2 Croatia President Franco Tudjman and ruling Croatian Demo- cratic Union win overwhelming victory in first Croatian presi- dential and legislative elections. 3 CIS Russian and Ukrainian Presidents sign agreement on division of Black Sea fleet. 7 Mozambique President Joachim Chissano and Alfonso Dhlakama, leader of rebel Mozambique National Resistance, sign peace accord to end civil war by Oct. 1992. 10 Northern Ireland Ulster Defence Association banned. 12 North America USA, Canada and Mexico agree terms of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Somalia UN representative Mohammed Sahnoun signs agreement with rebel leader Gen. Farah Aidid for deployment of 500 Un guards to protect food supplies. 12-14 Cyprus Inconclusive direct talks between George Vassiliou, Presi- dent of Cyprus, and Rauf Denktash, president of the self- proclaimed Turkish Republic of North Cyprus. 13-14 Bosnia Extraordinary session of UN Human Rights Commission unanimously condemns Serbs' policy of forced expulsions ('ethnic cleansing'). 16 Congo Pascal Lissouba, leader of Pan-African Union for Social Democracy, wins second and final round of presidential elec- tions. xxxviii CHRONOLOGY—contd. 1992 Aug. 18 Canada Constitutional conference opens to discuss Pearson accord, draft agreement negotiated by nine English-speaking provinces in July.
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