Literature Cited for Proposed Listing and Critical Habitat Rule for Island Marble

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Boyd, R. 1999. Indians, Fire, and the Land in the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis, Oregon. Oregon State University Press. 313 pp.

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Gall, L. 1984. Population structure and recommendations for conservation of the narrowly endemic alpine butterfly, Boloria acrocnema (: Nymphalidae). Biological Conservation. 28 pp.

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Hanson, T., A. Potter, J. Miskelly, and S. Vernon. 2009. Surveys for the Island Marble (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) in San Juan County, Washington, 2008. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Report. November 2009. 29 pp.

Hanson, T., A. Potter, and S. Vernon. 2010. Surveys for the Island Marble Butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) in San Juan County, Washington, 2009. Dated March 2010; revised December 2010. 32 pp.

Harper, G.L, N. Maclean, and D. Goulson. 2003. Microsatellite markers to assess the influence of population size, isolation and demographic change on the genetic structure of the UK butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus. Molecular Ecology. 12(12):3349–3357.

Industrial Economics, Incorporated. 2017. Screening Analysis of the Likely Economic Impacts of Critical Habitat Designation for the Island Marble Butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insalanus). Memorandum to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, August 4, 2017. 16 pp.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System Report. 2015a. Standard Report Page for Euchloe ausonides insulanus C. Guppy and J. Shepard, 2001. Taxonomic Serial Number: 778540. Available from: www.itis.gov. Accessed on: 14 July 2015. 2 pp. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Report. 2015b. Standard Report Page for Brassica rapa L. Taxonomic Serial Number: 23063. Available from: www.itis.gov. Accessed on: 29 September 2015. 3 pp.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System Report. 2015b. Standard Report Page for Brassica rapa L. Taxonomic Serial Number 23063. www.itis.gov. Accessed on 29 September 2015. 3 pp.

James, D.G. and D. Nunnallee. 2011. Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies. Oregon State University Press. 448 pp.

Lambert, A. 2011. Natural history and population ecology of a rare pierid butterfly, Euchloe ausonides insulanus Guppy and Shepard (). Doctoral thesis. School of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 214 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2006. Prairie restoration in American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park: Fire and herbicide effects on community composition and growth and survival of planted native species.

Lambert, A.M. 2009. Island marble butterfly survey at American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. 2008 field survey summary report. 6 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2011. Natural history and population ecology of a rare pierid butterfly, Euchloe ausonides insulanus Guppy and Shepard (Pieridae). 214 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2014a. Island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) deer herbivory research, 2013, American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Final Report. 26 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2014b. Island marble habitat restoration at American Camp, San Juan Island. Draft proposal dated September 21, 2014. 22 pp. Lambert, A.M. 2015a. Draft summary report for 2015 research on habitat development for island marble butterfly at American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Unpublished. 17 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2015b. Island marble butterfly autecologist. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: island marble butterfly field observations for 2015.

Lambert, A.M. 2015c. Island marble butterfly autecologist. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: references for deer browse preference.

Lambert, A.M. 2015d. Island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) research, 2015, American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Final Report. 27 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2015e. Island marble butterfly autecologist. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: effects of deer browse on island marble butterfly larval host plants.

Lambert, A.M. 2015f. Island marble butterfly autecologist. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: island marble butterfly occupancy of Old Town Lagoon between the years of 2006-2009.

Lambert, A.M. 2016a. Island marble butterfly autecologist. Island marble butterfly habitat research, 2016, American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Draft report. 64 pp.

Lambert, A.M. 2016b. Island marble butterfly autecologist. Phone conversation with K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: island marble butterfly use of Mount Finlayson as a landscape feature.

Landholt, P.J, and A. Antonelli. 1999. The paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the State of Washington. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 75(1):58–59.

MacLennan, A.J., J.F. Waggoner, J.W. Johannessen, and S.A. Williams. 2013. Healthy beaches for people and fish: protecting shorelines from the impacts of armoring today and rising seas tomorrow; sea level rise vulnerability in San Juan County, Washington. Coastal Geologic Services, Incorporated, report to Friends of the San Juans. October 2013. 50 pp.

Mantua, N.J., and S.R. Hare. 2002. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Journal of Oceanography. 58:35–44. Martinez, J.M. 1999. Forest Supervisor, Lincoln National Forest. In litteris. Correspondence with R.E. Wells, permit applicant. Regarding: explicit intent of permit applicant to collect regulated lepidoptera species despite closure of USFS lands to collection of those species. 15 July 1999. 9 pp.

Mass, C. 2009. Is San Juan Island the sunniest location in western Washington. Web log post. August 31, 2009. Available at: cliffmass.blogspot.com/2009/08/is-san-juan-island- sunniest-location-in.html Accessed on September 17, 2015.

McCartney, D., J. Fraser, and A. Ohama. 2009. Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing: A Canadian Review. Canadian Journal of Science. Available from: pubs.aic.ca. Accessed on: November 19, 2015.

Miskelly, J.W., 2004. Habitat requirements and conservation of the butterflies Euchloe ausonides insulanus (Pieridae) and Euphydryas editha taylori (Nymphalidae) in southwestern British Columbia. Master’s thesis. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 115 pp.

Miskelly, J.W. 2013. Biologist, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In litteris. Email to E. Habeggar via Cascadia Prairie Oak Partnership listserv on February 13, 2013. Regarding: observation of brown garden snails in great numbers on island marble butterfly larval host plants on San Juan Island, Washington.

Miskelly, J.W. 2015a. Biologist, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: observation of disease in island marble butterfly reported in 2004.

Miskelly, J.W. 2015b. Biologist, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: identification of Polistes dominula at American Camp.

Miskelly, J.W., and J. Fleckenstein. 2007. Surveys for Island Marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) in San Juan County, Washington, 2006. Washington State Department of Natural Resources report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. April 2007. 24 pp.

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Nagano, C. 2015. Chief, Endangered Species Division, Sacramento, California. USFWS. Personal observation of specimen purported to be Euchloe ausonides insulanus.

National Park Service. 2008. Final General Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement for San Juan Island National Historical Park. National Park Service. Seattle, Washington. vii + 299 pp.

National Park Service. 2013. San Juan Island National Park NPS Implementation of Island Marble Butterfly Conservation Agreement / Island Prairie Restoration 2006–2012. National Park Service. San Juan Island, Washington. 38 pp.

National Park Service. 2015a. The cultural prairie. San Juan Island National Historical Park, National Park Service website. Available from: nps.gov/sajh/learn/historyculture/the- cultural-prairie.htm. Accessed on September 16, 2015.

National Park Service. 2015b. Annual Park Recreation Visitation Report for San Juan Island National Historical Park, 1941–2014. Available from: irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/Park%20Specific%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Recr eation%20Visitation%20%281904%20- %20Last%20Calendar%20Year%29?Park=SAJH. Accessed on: October 7, 2015.

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Peterson, M.A. 2009. Population ecology of the island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus): quantifying abundance and dispersal. Final report to San Juan Island National Historical Park. Study number: SAJH-00039. 14 pp.

Peterson, M.A. 2010. Monitoring plan for the island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) at American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. 20 pp.

Potter, A. 2012. Unpublished survey effort for island marble butterfly for 2011 field season. 1 p.

Potter, A. 2013. Unpublished survey effort for island marble butterfly for 2012 field season. 1 p.

Potter, A. 2015a. Conservation Biologist, Insect Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: curtailment of island marble butterfly surveys attributable to lack of habitat; total number of unique sites surveyed for island marble butterfly; deer browse data for San Juan County geographic area; observation of conversion of pasture to active cropping; cultivation of Brassica for livestock forage; observations of island marble butterflies on lands outside of SJINHP.

Potter, A. 2015b. Conservation Biologist, Insect Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: previous scientific collections of island marble butterfly.

Potter, A. 2015c. Conservation Biologist, Insect Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: legality of collection of island marble butterfly for recreational or commercial purposes.

Potter, A. 2015d. Conservation Biologist, Insect Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: Btk use on San Juan Island.

Potter, A. 2015e. Conservation Biologist, Insect Specialist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In litteris. Handwritten comments submitted to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: island marble butterfly use of larval host plants as primary adult nectar resources. Potter, A., T. Hanson, and S. Vernon. 2011. Surveys for the Island Marble Butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) in San Juan County, Washington, 2010. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Report. January 2011. 23 pp.

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Reagan, K.M. 2015 Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. In litteris. Email to T. Thomas, Senior Ecologist, and Z. Radmer, Consultation Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: island marble conversation with A. Potter.

Reagan, K.M. 2016 Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Personal Observation. Image of Helix aspersa (brown garden snail) in the South Beach area of American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Spring 2016.

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Shrum, J. 2015b. Biological Technician, San Juan Island National Historical Park, National Park Service. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: Late eclosure of captive reared population in relation to the wild population of the island marble butterfly.

Shrum, J. 2016. Biological Technician, San Juan Island National Historical Park, National Park Service. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: Estimates of total deer exclusion fencing installed at American Camp.Silahua, S. 2015. Prairie Restoration Assistant, San Juan Island National Historical Park, National Park Service. In litteris. Email to Island Marble Butterfly Conservation Team. Regarding: Island marble butterfly captive rearing project for years 2014 and 2015.

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Vernon, S. 2015b. Island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) habitat use on San Juan Island, Washington. In litteris. Unpublished report submitted to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. 7 pp.

Vernon, S. 2015c. Notes on Helix aspersa (brown garden snail) as a threat to the island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) on San Juan Island, Washington. 3 pp. Vernon, S. 2015d. Island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus); basic captive rearing and release handbook for San Juan Island National Historical Park. Revised second edition. February 2015.

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Weaver, J.L. 2015b. Chief of Integrated Resources, San Juan Island National Historical Park, National Park Service. In litteris. Email to Island Marble Butterfly Conservation Team. Regarding: eclosure of captive reared island marble butterflies in the 2015 flight season. Weaver, J.L., and S. Vernon. 2014. Island Marble Butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus) Transect and Patch Surveys 2013, San Juan Island National Historical Park, American Camp. 20 pp.

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West, S.D. 2015. Professor Emeritus, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: status of European rabbit population at American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park.

Whitman, T. and A. MacLennan. 2015. Science Director, Friends of the San Juans, and Coastal Geomorphologist, Coastal Geologic Services, Incorporated, respectively. In litteris. Email to K. Reagan, Endangered Species Biologist, USFWS, Lacey, Washington. Regarding: inundation potential of nearshore habitat occupied by the island marble butterfly on San Juan Island, Washington.