DOCSLIB.ORG

Mahmood Ibrahim

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mahmood Ibrahim University of Huddersfield Repository Ibrahim, Mahmood The Construction of the Speaker and Fictional World in The Small Mirrors: Critical Stylistic Analysis Original Citation Ibrahim, Mahmood (2018) The Construction of the Speaker and Fictional World in The Small Mirrors: Critical Stylistic Analysis. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34586/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ University of Huddersfield Repository Mahmood Ibrahim The Construction of the Speaker and Fictional World in The Small Mirrors: Critical Stylistic Analysis A thesis submitted to the University of Huddersfield in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy To my father and to my mother Abstract This thesis conducts a Critical Stylistic Analysis of Sherko Bekas’ The Small Mirrors, with the help of metaphor analysis. Five textual conceptual functions (Jeffries, 2010): Naming and Describing; Equating and Contrasting; Representing Processes/Events/States of being; Assuming and Implying and Prioritizing are used to analyse the poems. I also analyse the connotations of metaphor. These functions and metaphor analysis show how the texts construct the speaker and the fictional world in Bekas’ The Small Mirrors and the ideologies behind such constructions. The ranges of ideation – ideology in Bekas’ poetry identified by these tools are: 1. Suffering and survival are inexorable 2. Martyrdom is positive 3. Valuing one’s nation and identity is positive 4. The speaker and the people lack control over the situation My thesis aims to create a version of the Critical Stylistic model that helps me to show the depiction of the speaker and the fictional world in The Small Mirrors. I argue that Critical Stylistics is applicable to the Kurdish poetry, but it needs modifications and that the tools might work in hierarchical ranks meaning that some tools are given primary focus over others because of the difference between English and Kurdish. I use Jeffries’ (2010) Critical Stylistics and add any required modification for the textual conceptual functions to get a complete model for the analysis of The Small Mirrors. The model can show how the speaker and the fictional world are constructed which I aim to reveal. The textual conceptual functions construct a coherent perspective of the reality of the fictional world in Bekas’ poetry. The iii linguistic images of the fictional world of Bekas’ poetry are repetitions that become part of the naturalised ideologies of the writer. iv Acknowledgments First and foremost, praise and thankfulness are all made to Almighty Allah (Most Highness) whom everything needs Him in everything but He needs nothing. And peace and blessing are due to the Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) and due to all his Companions and all his Household. Acknowledgements can never be made to all who nourished one's intellectual life. Indeed, I extend my gratitude to Professor Lesley Jeffries who supervised my work and gave me power when I was powerless and hope when I was hopeless. I owe a heavy debt of gratitude to Dan McIntyre. Many thanks must go to the Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED), whose effort and support I am forever grateful to. In particular, I am thankful for their hard work in supplying me with the required paperwork without needing to go back physically to their office, and for for funding me during my study. I would also like to offer my best thanks to Tatyana Karpenko-Seccombe, Pat Hill, Shamal Abu Baker Hussein and Mohammed Karim Ismael who helped during my study and for their critical guidance, encouragement and inspiring remarks that have helped accomplish this study. Thanks should also go to Field Linguistics, the class of 2016-2017 where I was informant for the class and learned a lot. Thanks should be reverently extended to the PhD colleagues for their intellectual support that has reinforced me in carrying out this study. And last but most, I am eternally indebted to my mother, the bedrock of my fortitude and perseverance, whose loving spirit still sustains me and whose prayer and sacrifice rendered v me work better, think bigger and act bolder. Huge thanks should go to my fiancé Hema Araz who is a siprit to my life. vi The Construction of the Speaker and Fictional World in The Small Mirrors: Critical Stylistic Analysis Mahmood Ibrahim Copyright notice i. The author of this thesis (including any appendices and/or schedules to this thesis) owns any copyright in it (the “Copyright”) and s/he has given The University of Huddersfield the right to use such Copyright for any administrative, promotional, educational and/or teaching purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts, may be made only in accordance with the regulations of the University Library. Details of these regulations may be obtained from the Librarian. This page must form part of any such copies made. iii. The ownership of any patents, designs, trade marks and any and all other intellectual property rights except for the Copyright (the “Intellectual Property Rights”) and any reproductions of copyright works, for example graphs and tables (“Reproductions”), which may be described in this thesis, may not be owned by the author and may be owned by third parties. Such Intellectual Property Rights and Reproductions cannot and must not be made available for use without the prior written permission of the owner(s) of the relevant Intellectual Property Rights and/or Reproductions. vii List of tables Table 1 the tools of Critical Stylistics (Adopted from Jeffries, 2010a) ..................................... 37 Table 2 the types of transitivity processes and their ideological effects ................................ 42 Table 3 the selected poems for the analysis with an overview of the content of each .......... 59 Table 4 examples of Nature in The Small Mirrors ................................................................... 78 Table 5 examples of places in The Small Mirrors ..................................................................... 81 Table 6 examples of war in The Small Mirrors ......................................................................... 85 Table 7 examples of Martyrdom in The Small Mirrors ............................................................ 88 Table 8 examples of Loneliness and Yearning in The Small Mirrors ....................................... 94 Table 9 examples of Writing in The Small Mirrors ................................................................... 97 Table 10 examples of Suffering in The Small Mirrors ............................................................ 103 Table 11 examples of Pen in The Small Mirrors ..................................................................... 109 Table 12 examples of Word in The Small Mirrors .................................................................. 110 Table 13 independent personal pronouns in Kurdish ........................................................... 111 Table 14 Jeffries’ model of equivalence ................................................................................ 119 Table 15 the copula enclitics for the present tense .............................................................. 121 Table 16 the copula enclitics for the past tense .................................................................... 121 Table 17 examples of similes in my data ............................................................................... 135 Table 18 different types of opposition used in Davies’ and Jeffries’ model ......................... 148 Table 19 parallel structure and opposition in The Small Mirrors .......................................... 153 Table 20 percentages of process types in The Small Mirrors ................................................. 172 Table 21 superscript respresneting Kurdish sentence elements ........................................... 175 Table 22 Simpson’s Transitivity model (2014: 22-27)............................................................ 179 6 Table 23 the speaker as a fully powerful actor in The Small Mirrors .................................... 181 Table 24 people as Partially powerful actors in The Small Mirrors ....................................... 182 Table 25 perception processes in The Small Mirrors ............................................................. 186 Table 26 ergative processes in The Small Mirrors ................................................................. 188 Table 27 supervention-like processes in The Small Mirrors .................................................. 190 Table 28 partially powerful actor of mutually dependent processes in The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Dictionary of the Kurds (Historical Dictionaries of Peoples
    Historical Dictionaries of Peoples and Cultures Jon Woronoff, Series Editor 1. Kurds, by Michael M. Gunter, 2004. Out of print. See No. 8. 2. Inuit, by Pamela R. Stern, 2004. 3. Druzes, by Samy Swayd, 2006. 4. Southeast Asian Massif, by Jean Michaud, 2006. 5. Berbers (Imazighen), by Hsain Ilahiane, 2006. 6. Tamils, by Vijaya Ramaswamy, 2007. 7. Gypsies, 2nd ed., by Donald Kenrick, 2007. 8. Kurds, 2nd ed., by Michael M. Gunter, 2011. 9. Jews, by Alan Unterman, 2011. 110_509_01_Front.indd0_509_01_Front.indd i 99/16/10/16/10 9:289:28 AAMM 110_509_01_Front.indd0_509_01_Front.indd iiii 99/16/10/16/10 9:289:28 AAMM Historical Dictionary of the Kurds Second Edition Michael M. Gunter Historical Dictionaries of Peoples and Cultures, No. 8 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Oxford 2011 110_509_01_Front.indd0_509_01_Front.indd iiiiii 99/16/10/16/10 9:289:28 AAMM Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2011 by Michael M. Gunter All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gunter, Michael M. Historical dictionary of the Kurds / Michael M. Gunter. — 2nd ed. p. cm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Works of Hiwa K
    Don’t Shrink Me to the Size of a Bullet: The Works of Hiwa K Edited by Anthony Downey Don’t Shrink Me to the Size of a Bullet: The Works of Hiwa K Foreword 5 Krist Gruijthuijsen and Heike Catherina Mertens Editor’s Preface 7 Anthony Downey Arbeitsplatz (Workspace) (2005) 9 Country Guitar Lessons (2005 –11) 13 Cooking with Mama (2005 – ongoing) 21 See/Saw (2006) 25 Unbearable States: 29 Hiwa K and the Performance of Everyday Life Anthony Downey Moon Calendar (2007) 41 Diagonal (2008) 49 Hijack (2008) 55 Body Count 59 Lawrence Abu Hamdan Still Searching for a Title (2008) 65 Qatees (2009) 73 Inappropriation (2009) 79 Tactics of Arrival / Means of Knowing 83 Aneta Szyl' ak May 1 (2009) 89 Star Cross (2009) 95 Pre-Image (2010) 101 Chicago Boys: While We Were Singing, 107 They Were Dreaming (2010 – ongoing) This Lemon Tastes of Apple (2011) 121 Faceless Numbers (2011) 129 As-ifness as Method, or 133 a Sneak Peek into Hiwasophy Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung With Jim White, 139 Once Upon a Time in the West (2011) Do You Remember What You Are Burning? (2011) 147 It’s Spring and the Weather Is Great, 155 So Let’s Close All Object Matters (2012) For a Few Socks of Marbles (2012) 161 The Rhythmanalyst: 169 The Body as Instrument Natasha Ginwala 1 What the Barbarians Did Not Do, 175 Did the Barberini (2012) My Father’s Colour Period (2013) 181 The Existentialist Scene in Kurdistan 189 (Raw Materiality 01) (2016 – ongoing) Walk-Over (2014) 197 One Room Apartment (2014) 203 The Bell Project (2014 – 15) 209 Pin Down: 219 A Conversation between Hiwa K and Bakir Ali Raw Materiality (2007 – ongoing) 231 Artist’s Biography 235 Contributor’s Biographies 237 Notes on Works and Anecdotes 239 2 ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎچ و ﺗﯚ ﮔﺎز ﭘێﻤﻮاﯾە ﺑﺎوﮐﻢ داﯾﮑﻤﯽ ﺧﯚﺷﺪەوﯾﺴﺖ ﺑەڵم ﻫەرﮔﯿﺰ ﺋەو ﺧﯚﺷەوﯾﺴﺘﯿەی ﭘﯿﺸﺎن ﻧەدەدا.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of European, Persian, and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani
    A Study of European, Persian, and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani Jafar Hasanpoor Doctoral dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Iranian languages presented at Uppsala University 1999. ABSTRACT Hasanpoor, J. 1999: A Study of European, Persian and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani. Reports on Asian and African Studies (RAAS) 1. XX pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-506-1353-7. This dissertation examines processes of lexical borrowing in the Sorani standard of the Kurdish language, spoken in Iraq, Iran, and the Kurdish diaspora. Borrowing, a form of language contact, occurs on all levels of language structure. In the pre-standard literary Kurdish (Kirmanci and Sorani) which emerged in the pre-modern period, borrowing from Arabic and Persian was a means of developing a distinct literary and linguistic tradition. By contrast, in standard Sorani and Kirmanci, borrowing from the state languages, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, is treated as a form of domination, a threat to the language, character, culture, and national distinctness of the Kurdish nation. The response to borrowing is purification through coinage, internal borrowing, and other means of extending the lexical resources of the language. As a subordinate language, Sorani is subjected to varying degrees of linguistic repression, and this has not allowed it to develop freely. Since Sorani speakers have been educated only in Persian (Iran), or predominantly in Arabic, European loans in Sorani are generally indirect borrowings from Persian and Arabic (Iraq). These loans constitute a major source for lexical modernisation. The study provides wordlists of European loanwords used by Hêmin and other codifiers of Sorani.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ds1052b Author Abramson, Scott Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures by Scott Abramson 2019 © Copyright by Scott Abramson 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 by Scott Abramson Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles Professor Lev Hakak, Co-Chair Professor Steven Spiegel, Co-Chair This study traces the progress of the contacts between Zionists/Israelis and Kurds—two non-Arab regional minorities intent on self-government and encircled by opponents—in their earliest stage of development. From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, the Political Department of the Jewish Agency (later, the Israeli Foreign Ministry) and several eminent Kurdish leaders maintained contact with a view to cooperation. The strategic calculus behind a Zionist/Israeli-Kurdish partnership was the same that directed Zionist/Israeli relations with all regional minorities: If demographic differences from the region’s Sunni Arab majority had made ii them outliers and political differences with them had made them outcasts, the Zionists/Israelis and the Kurds, together with their common circumstance as minorities, had a common enemy (Arab nationalists) against whom they could make common cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    JANUARY -MARCH 2017 International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356-5926 Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Hassen ZRIBA Volume 3 Issue 4 WWW. IJHCS . COM Volume 3 Issue 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND March 2017 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Managing Editor Dr. Hassen Zriba Najoua Chalbi *Emeritus Professor Ralph Grillo *Dr. Syed Zamanat Abbas University of Sussex, UK Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia *Professor Muhammad Asif *Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera Riphah International University, Pakistan Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, India *Professor Sadok Bouhlila *Dr. P. Prayer Elmo Raj Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia Pachaiyappa's College, India *Professor Pacha Malyadri *Omid Akhavan Osmania University, Andhra Pradesh, India Imam Ali University, Iran *Haron Bouras *Loredana Terec-Vlad Mohamed Cherif Messadia University, Souk- Ștefan cel Mare University, Romania Ahras Algeria *Professor Jason L. Powell *Dr. Shama Adams University of Chester, UK Curtin University, Australia *Professor Ali H. Raddaoui *Mansour Amini University of Wyoming, USA The Gulf College, Oman *Dr. Mohamed El-Kamel Bakari *Mohd AB Malek Bin MD Shah University of King Abdulaziz, Saudi Arabia Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia *Dr. Solange Barros *Mark B. Ulla Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil Father Saturnino Urios University, Philipinnes *Dr. Salah Belhassen * Anouar Bennani University of Gafsa, Tunisia University of Sfax, Tunisia *Dr. Nodhar Hammami Ben Fradj *Shuv Raj Rana Bhat University of Kairouan, Tunisia Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal *Dr. Arbind Kumar Choudhary *Erika Ashley Couto Rangachahi College, Majuli ,Assam, India University of Concordia, Canada *Dr. Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi *Md. Amir Hossain University of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi, India IBAIS University, Bangladesh *Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin De Liaison Et D'înformation • IN°196-197 I
    INSTITUT URD DE PARIS • Bulletin de liaison et d'înformation • IN°196-197 I . JUII.l.El'-AOÛT 2001 Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France: 300 FF - Etranger: 350 FF Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire: 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax: 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Sommaire • VERDICT DE LA COUR EUROpéENNE: LEYLA ZANA ET lEI COLL.GUEI N'ONT PAl EU UN PROC.I éQUITABLE • • NEW YORK: POUR EVITER LE VéTO RUIIE L'ONU REPORTE LE DéBAT IUR LEI IANCTIONI eiNTELLIGENTEl • IUR L'IRAK • DEBUT DE RECONCILIATION ENTRE PARII ET ANKARA • LA COUR EUROPéENNE DEI DROITI DE L'HOMMEAPROUVE A UNE PETITE MAJORITé L'INTERDICTION DU PARTI REFAH • L'ANCIEN MAIRE D'IITANBUL CRéE UN PARTI DE LA JUITICE ET DU DévELOPPEMENT (AK PARTI) • AINII QUE... • LU DANI LA PREllE TURQUE VERDICT DE LA COUR EUROPÉENNE: LEYLA ZANA ET et activité " séparatiste intense sous la bannière du PKK " (Parti des SES COLLÈGUES N'ONT PAS EU UN PROCÈS ÉQUITABLE travailleurs du Kurdistan, interdit). La députée et les trois autres A Cour européenne des députés kurdes ont été condamnés parlementaires avaient été arrêtés droits de l'homme a, le par un tribunal qui n'était ni en mars 1994après la levée de leur 17 juillet, rendu son indépendant ni impartial à l'issue immunité parlementaire.
    [Show full text]
  • Theresa SPECHT
    Japanische Gesellschaft fur Germanistik Theresa SPECHT KURDISCHE EXILLITERATUR IM DEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN KONTEXT EINLEITUNG Am 21. März feiern die Kurden das Neujahrsfest Newroz. Es ist der wichtigste Feiertag im Jahr, und das Newrozfest 2013 war ein historisch bedeutungsvol­ les: Im Zuge der wiederaufgenommenen Verhandlungen mit der türkischen Regierung rief der Vorsitzende der Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans (PKK) Abdullah Öcalan an diesem Tag erneut zu Waffenruhe und Friedensverhandlungen auf. Obwohl Öcalan seit 1999 im Einpersonengefängnis auf der Insel Imrah im Marmara-Meer inhaftiert und durch zeitweise Besuchsverbote regelrecht von der Außenwelt abgeschnitten ist, ist die Unterstützung in der kurdischen Be­ völkerung der Türkei ungebrochen. Im Jahr 2013 versammelten sich rund zwei Millionen, und damit weit mehr Menschen denn je zu Newroz in Diyarbakir, der ,Hauptstadt der Kurden' im Südosten der Türkei, und hörten die Verlesung der Neujahrs-Botschaft Öcalans: „Die Zeit des Streits, der Kon­ flikte und der gegenseitigen Verachtung ist vorbei, die Zeit ist reif für Einheit, Gemeinsamkeit, Umarmung und Vergebung."1 Was ist das für ein kriegerischer Konflikt, der seit Jahrzehnten in der Region besteht und zehntausende Menschen das Leben gekostet hat? Im Folgenden möchte ich das aus der Perspektive literarischer Zeugnisse skiz­ zieren, nämlich der kurdischen Exilliteratur im deutschsprachigen Kontext. In germanistischen Forschungen wurde die deutschsprachige kurdische Exilliteratur bislang weitgehend vernachlässigt. Die einzige Forschungsar­ beit zu diesem Gegenstand erschien 1996 von Mahmood Hama Tschawisch, in der dieser einen facettenreichen Einblick in das Thema bietet und auch einige kurdische Exilautoren in Deutschland vorstellt sowie per Interview selbst zu Wort kommen lässt.2 Zwei Begriffe, die Tschawisch dabei zentral stellt, sind ,Heimat' und ,Identität'.
    [Show full text]
  • Classic and Modern Kurdish Poetry
    CLASSICAL AND MODERN KURDISH POETRY Farhad Shakely Uppsala University, Sweden Poetry has always been the main pillar of Kurdish literature. By tracing the history of Kurdish poetry through its manifold themes and forms of expression and through its various periods of expansion and stagnation one also gets an interesting picture of the role and conditions of literature in an oppressed nation. When the Kurdish poet Ahmad-î Khânî (1651-1707) wrote the epic Mam û zîn (Mam and Zîn) in 1694, he not only told a most beautiful love story, but also expressed his own political and philosophical ideals and described the political, economic, social and cultural aspects of a very important period in Kurdish history. Khânî wished for the Kurds to have their own master, a master possessing his own throne and carrying his own crown, a master who knows how to appreciate science, art and poetry, learned books and dîwân". He expressed own ideal role as a poet and a thinker in this way: Then I would hoist the flag of rhymed speech to the sky. I would resurrect Malâ-y Jazîrî, bring 'Alî Harîrî to life and give Faqe Tayrân such joy that it would fill him with admiration for ever."1 Khânî was an outstanding pioneer within many fields, including Kurdish literary history. When Xânî in his epic mentioned the Kurdish poets Malâ-i Jazîrî, 'Alî Harîrî and Faqe Tayrân, it was the first reference to Kurdish literature ever given by a Kurd or a non-Kurd. However, this was no more than a reference, and a fuller recording of Kurdish literature was not to come for yet another century.
    [Show full text]
  • Aesthetics and Hemin's Poetry
    7 Abstract Aesthetics and Hemin’s Poetry Jafar Ghahramany M.A. in Persian Language and Literature Seyed Asaad Sheikhahmadi Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan Abstract Aesthetics has been a subject to analysis since the time of Socrates and even before his time in various ways by the Greek philosophers. The idea of aesthetics reached its peak of excellence in the classical era. The introduction of aesthetics using the scientific method dates back to the eighteenth century. Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten was the first to use the term aesthetics. Music is fundamental to the struc- ture of poetry. In fact, poetry is like songwriting that affects the feel- ing. In most of his poems, Hemin has given a great importance to the music. This paper is an attempt to investigate the aesthetical per- spectives in Hemin’s poetry. The aesthetics of music and the imag- ination of Hemin’s poetry are considered as the main factors in the formation of a poetic image. Hemin’s poetry is full of such enrich- ing characteristics like fantasies, profound thoughts, overwhelming emotions, and linguistic fluency. Keywords: Aesthetics, Hemin, Internal Music, Poetic Image. Journal of Kurdish Literature 6 Stylistic Analysis of the Works of Ruwange and Kifri Literary Schools: With Especial Reference to the Poetry of Sherko Bekas and Latif Halmat Bakhtiar Sadjadi Assistant Professor of English and Part-Time Researcher at KSI, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Abstract The present paper seeks to explore the poetical premises and stylistic features of the works of Ruwange and Kifri, as two major literary schools.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Bibliography of Kurdistan and the Kurds
    A Brief Bibliography of Kurdistan and the Kurds Dedicated to the valiant martyrs who laid down their lives to pave the future of the Kurdish Nation Compiled By Dr Jawad Mella WKA and Kurdish Museum, Library & Archive-London 2014 Acknowledgement Many thanks to the Management Committee of Western Kurdistan Association, the researchers and volunteers of Kurdish Museum, Library & Archive in London and Awards For All, for their cooperation and support. Western Kurdistan Association Kurdish Museum, Library & Archive Telephone: 0044 (0) 2087487874 Mobile: 0044 (0) 7768266005 e-mail: [email protected] www.westernkurdistan.org.uk Charity number: 1066236 Company number: 3454407 A Brief Bibliography of Kurdistan and the Kurds Copyright © 2014 by Dr Jawad Mella Cover Designer: Upkar Singh Rai, Nations Without States ISBN: 09529951 1 5 FOREWORD The Kurdish nation is the fourth largest nation in the Middle East and the largest nation in the world without a national state. Today the Kurds are more than 50 million, their homeland is called Kurdistan, which means “country of the Kurds”. Kurdistan is not the name of a state, but rather a land, which in the 20th century was obligatorily divided among five states (Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Red Kurdistan in the former Soviet Union). The Kurdish language is belongs to the Indo-European group. Kurdistan extends from the Caucasus to the Mediterranean Sea and from there to the Gulf. A part of it lies in Mesopotamia, which is regarded as the “cradle of humanity”. In this region, high cultures such as Mithraism or the Sun Cult already existed thousands of years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Archivi Di Studi Indo-Mediterranei X (2020) Issn 2279-8803
    ARCHIVI DI STUDI INDO-MEDITERRANEI X (2020) http://archivindomed.altervista.org ISSN 2279-8803 Kurdistan is the world of hundreds of thousands of villages which have vanished in the labyrinth of a cruel nature. Everything in this land is mirage. Its history is nothing more than a cloud of dust and its borders are not clear1. Shilan Fuad Hussain The Kurdish Novel: Diaspora, Identity and Cultural Diversity. Introduction From a European perspective, the Kurdish novel has a short history: during the 1930s, “some Kurdish novels” written in Kurmanji “were published in the former Soviet Union”, but only at the end of the “twentieth century” did the novel “become an established literary” genre. Xeznedar states that the “emergence of the Kurdish literary productions started with poetry, lasting until the last decades of the nineteenth century”. It could be stated that the history of Kurdish literature is 1 Elî Bextiyar, Ewarey Perwane, Rehend, Stockholm, 1998, pp. 121-122. 1 dominated by Kurdish poetry, which has a dominant role even in the diaspora2. The “cultural renaissance, which coincided with the spread of national ideas, led to the appearance of Kurdish press (a Kurdish newspaper was founded in Cairo in 1898) and gave impetus to the use of prose” in general. In twentieth century Kurdish prose, short story, novel and drama flourished, even though poetry was the dominant literary production of that time, and had the upper hand, quantitatively and qualitatively3. The Kurdish novel was slow to develop due to political and social barriers, denial “policy toward the Kurds”, and were “conducted by the newly formed nation states which governed” the separate parts of Kurdistan4.
    [Show full text]
  • Una Storia Tutta Da Scrivere: Della Traduzione Della Letteratura Curda in Italia
    Una storia tutta da scrivere: della traduzione della letteratura curda in Italia di Francesco Marilungo Introduzione Lo scopo di questo articolo è provare a dare conto di alcune questioni che riguardano un oggetto da noi ancora poco conosciuto e quasi non identificato: la letteratura curda. Che cos’è? Chi la scrive? Qual è la sua storia? Perché ne conosciamo così poca e cosa ci stiamo perdendo? Purtroppo, parlare di letteratura curda impone spesso il bisogno di Lukman Ahmad, “Hope”, pastello su cartoncino, 2009 una lunga introduzione piena di distinguo e precisazioni noiose. Prima di arrivare a godere dei suoi frutti, occorre sminare il campo da tutta una serie di impedimenti politici e sociali che gravano su questa letteratura, ma allo stesso tempo la caratterizzano. Il Kurdistan è un oggetto caleidoscopico, mutevole, inafferrabile e composto di innumerabili tessere in movimento, di colori (politici) e forme (culturali) diverse. C’è “il Kurdistan che non c’è” in quanto entità politica nazionale, e c’è il Kurdistan immaginato e abitato dal sentimento patriottico dei curdi; c’è un Kurdistan che scrive con caratteri arabi, uno che scrive in caratteri latini, uno che usa entrambi gli alfabeti e per buona parte del Novecento c’è stato un Kurdistan che scriveva in caratteri cirillici. C’è un concetto politico-culturale chiamato Tradurre - Pratiche, teorie, strumenti https://rivistatradurre.it Una storia tutta da scrivere: della traduzione della letteratura curda in Italia kurdayeti (curdità), che idealmente riunisce in un’unica famiglia i curdi da Afrin a Sanandaj, da Doğubeyazit fino a Kirkuk, irradiandosi fino ai milioni di curdi in diaspora in Europa, Nord America e Australia; ma ci sono anche profonde differenze e frammentazioni politiche, linguistiche e culturali che fanno sì che questo concetto non si traduca in una forza unitaria capace di creare un Kurdistan unito o di generare un movimento per i diritti coeso.
    [Show full text]