SOUTHERN ONTARIO ORCHID SOCIETY NEWS December 2010, Volume 45, Issue 11

Home , Burke Brook, Cypripedium reginae, Edwards Gardens, Leslie Street Spit, Scarborough Bluffs

Web site: www.soos.ca ; Member of the Canadian Orchid Congress; Affiliated with the American Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest and the International Phalaenopsis Alliance. Membership: Annual Dues $25 per calendar year (January 1 to December 31 ). Membership secretary: Hesse Pommells 416-245-0369, #503-370 Dixon Road, Weston, Ontario, M9R 1T2 Executive: President, Yvonne Schreiber, 905-473-3405; Vice-president and Treasurer, Elizabeth McAlpine, 416-487-7832; Secretary, Sue Loftus 905-839-8281; Honorary Life Members: Terry Kennedy, Doug Kennedy, Inge Poot, Peter Poot, Joe O’Regan, Diane Ryley, Wayne Hingston. Annual Show: February 12 – 13, 2011 SOOS display at ECOS by Don Wyatt photoPP

Meeting Program Sunday, December 5, Sales at noon, program at 1 pm. Annual auction, and Pot luck social. Please note: In order to leave lots of time for the pot luck social there will not be a plant show table, and there will be no regular plant raffle at this meeting.Annual Auction: This is your chance at some choice plants donated by outstanding growers. This is our annual auction (both silent and bid) and Christmas potluck luncheon meeting. Members are asked to bring and donate orchids and any orchid-related items (such as books, mugs, pins, pots, stands,...) for the auction. The proceeds are split between SOOS and the AOS Toronto Judging Centre. Mario Ferrusi and Wayne Hingston will once again be back as auctioneers to make this event both beneficial and entertaining. Pot Luck Social: This is always a very popular event. So bring your favourite holiday dish to share and pitch in with the set up and clean up.

Next meeting is January 9 your membership card is in error. It says January 2

Early Membership Renewal Draw. This will be the first of two draws for special plants purchased by SOOS. All those who rejoined before the end of our November meeting will be in this draw.

Early Membership Renewal Draw. To encourage early renewal for 2011 there will again be two draws for orchid plants. 2010 Members renewing membership for the 2011 year who renew by the end of the November meeting are eligible for the December and January draws. Anyone renewing by the end of the December meeting is eligible for the January draw. A member is able to win only once. So, renew now and get yourself a chance at an orchid plant. 2011 Membership in SOOS is now available. Still $25 for a full year of Orchid fun and fellowship. Renew now at the Membership desk and get yourself a chance at an orchid plant.

SOOS President’s Remarks Newcomers' Meetings Fellow orchid aficionados. There are a number of items that I would like to bring to your Wayne Hingston (905-686-5697) will once attention. The highlights of the December again present his excellent series on the culture meeting will be the annual auction and our of the most popular types of hobby orchids. potluck lunch. If you have anything to donate, These sessions are for members who have just be it plants or anything orchid related, e.g. started in orchids and will be presented at the pictures, mugs, books, etc., please let Jay Norris Toronto Botanical Garden Board Room on the following Monday evenings at 7 pm: know. He would prefer to know about your donations ahead of time and you can reach him  Dec. 13, 2010 at [email protected]. The proceeds from this auction are split between the Judging Centre  Jan. 10, 2011 and S.O.O.S. Don’t forget to bring along your favorite dish to share. It can be a salad, main American Orchid Society Report course or dessert. S.O.O.S. will be providing the from Virginia Beach Oct./2010 by beverages. Although I have four volunteers to Mario Ferrusi help organize the food in the kitchen, a couple more pairs of hands would be greatly The fall AOS Members Meetings were held in Virginia Beach, Virginia at the Cavalier Hotel appreciated. Just let me know by e-mail. which is located on Atlantic Ave. Everyone has As is typical for our December meetings, there an ocean view. will not be a show table or a raffle. Our usual  There were many hotels along this stretch. vendors will be present. The majority of the We were very fortunate to have four time at the meeting will be taken up by the beautiful sunny and warm days with gentle rolling waves for a few surfers to enjoy. auction, featuring Wayne Hingston and Mario Ferrusi as our auctioneers. The potluck lunch  One of the first things AOS President Chris will follow the end of the auction. Bring money Rehmann annouced was that the Trustees for the auction and your appetite for the meeting would be open to anyone who potluck. cared to sit in and he encouraged a short question period. He also announced that the AOS would once again be participating in the Philadelphia flower show at There is an update on our next meetings. The Longwood Gardens in March 2011 by th next two meetings will take place on January 9 putting in a display. and 30th, 2011. The T.B.G. will be closed for  At the Town Hall Meeting, Chris spoke of New Year’s on January 2nd. the AOS building in Del Rey Beach, Florida, being put up for sale. A task force is actively looking into relocation, most As our annual orchid show quickly approaches possibly with one of the major US gardens. please give serious consideration as to how you (eg Longwood Gardens-Philadelhia, PA: can help to make it a resounding success. Sign Huntington-San Marino, CA, etc.) The up sheets for a wide variety of jobs will be building will not be sold until a full appraisal and a fair offer is received. available at the December meeting. Put your name down on one of them or maybe two – you  The AOS will very soon have a re-vamped will get into the show for free after your tour of web page and a new judging and awards duty. program. The web page will be much easier to navigate and we are looking at If have any questions, you can contact me at different levels of membership including a [email protected], or 905-473- completely web based membership with all 3405. Or just speak to me at one of our or portions of the Orchids magazine included. meetings. Yvonne Schreiber

 The Orchids magazine this year included an that none of these is cast in concrete as yet. I additional volume devoted entirely to add that caution as some may read what follows, Latouria Dendrobiums. It is planning to do be outraged, and approach me with blood in this again on another topic next year. their eyes; by all means, let me know your thoughts and ideas on anything related to the show. There will be no cafe or tea room; the 2011 SOOS Show News: reason for that is 2-fold: concerns for space, and no vendor will tackle just a cafe. The judges' o Work continues at a brisk pace on preparation luncheon will be prepared by our cordon bleu for the 2011 SOOS Show. Much of it is behind- chef, Bob Dowzansky, the man who keeps our the-scenes; only those directly involved get a energy levels high for the whole orchid show true sense of all this. And for that reason, we weekend. Seminars may or may not be held; if have decided to keep you informed via they are, we may scale them down so that the these monthly vignettes. The publicity / board room and/or the conference room at the marketing plan, drawn up by Linda Kafka, is TBG will be where they are held. We are rolling out nicely. Its successful debating, vigorously at times, whether to have a implementation is definitely what either gets the table for baskets or not; space in the Floral Hall people into the TBG or misses our targets. Mind is a factor. you, weather plays a part as well, but we have o Where we place the sales areas is still a moot no control over it. Linda has created both point. It appears right now that we will use all 3 coupons and posters for the show, and they are of the studios for one sales area. Because the quite striking. We will have them for handout at Garden Hall will be renovated (with work the December 5 meeting. We always need help scheduled to begin in early November), we must from you to distribute posters and especially allow for alternate additional sales areas: one coupons, as well as talking up the show with would be the Garden Hall, assuming it is ready. those you know or meet. The other would use the Moriyama Foyer and o Invitations must be sent to the suite of vendors the Milne House Garden Club room (at the east who we hope will favour us with their presence, end of the 2nd floor of the TBG). The latter is a knowledge, and marvellous orchids at the show. "strictly off limits" area normally; only through the As well, there are individuals and other orchid kindness of the Milne House Garden Club has societies who we invite. The invitations go out this room been offered to us for show use. For via CanPost, or snail mail; I am very grateful to your information, the pioneer family who owned Terry Kennedy for taking on the laborious job of what is now Edwards' Gardens was named creating the hardcopy (invitations, forms, and Milne. Their family graveyard in on the east envelopes). This year, I have duplicated all the valley slope of Wilket Creek within the Edwards invitations via email. In years to come, it is my Gardens grounds. fond hope that we will find snail mail being o Tom Atkinson / [email protected] / 416-449-7907 phased out in favour of electronic invitations. This is not something that will happen in the space of one year, but it is a trend. And it has to be, as those of you who are 20- or 30-something are at home with electronic media. It is we who no show? then consume Geritol cocktails who are loathe to === relinquish that good old paper in the hand. o As if what Terry did was not enough, Doug Kennedy has taken on the job of overall no SOOS! === volunteer coordination. Within this role, perhaps the most important aspect is security. Marion Curry and Sue Loftus pioneered a sign-up form last year which was elegant and simple; we used it as the archetype for the other forms which Doug had ready for us to fill our names on at the November meeting. We would ask each of you to sign up for the duty of your choice, and you will be able to do so at the Dec. 5, Jan. 9, and Jan. 30 meetings. o There will be a number of changes at this year's show. I will mention them, but please understand 3

to beat. The following plants won ribbons in their Coming Events classes: to be published in the next newsletter. The ribbon winners earn points in our annual Orchidist DECEMBER 2010 of the year competition. Congratulations to all. 4 Toronto Centre judging, Toronto Botanical Garden, Judges training 10 am, Judging 1 pm. 5, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. PLANT OF THE MONTH 18, Montreal Centre - Montreal Botanical Garden. Anne Antanaitis won plant of the month with a beautiful colour form of Oncidium Sherry Baby. These plants are known for their floriferousness January 2011 and fragrance. Anne writes: I have a plant stand in front of my south facing picture window that 8, Toronto Centre judging, Toronto Botanical has sheers on it. I keep the plant close to the Garden, Judges training 10 am, Judging 1 pm. edge near the window, and I keep it watered well and fertilize every second watering. It goes 9, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, outside in summer but I try not to get sun sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. damage on the leaves. I bring it in before fall 16, Montréal Centre, Ottawa Orchid Society and keep it in high light in the window. When I Monthly Meeting, Ottawa see that it has inflorescences I put a stake in and slowly train the spike to go up. Try not to use 30, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, clamps but rather use velcro to hold it loosely. sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. As the spike grows I pull the plant back, one to give room so no bends form in the spike and February two- to let it reach for light so I have longer 12-13, SOOS Show and Toronto Centre, spikes. Always make sure it faces the same February judging, way so the spike stays straight. I have a plastic catch pot with a raised middle ( old tub from 19, Montréal Centre – Jardin botanique de grandkids gummies), so it never sits in water but Montréal moisture is there. 24-27, COC Annual General Meeting and Orchid society of Alberta show, Edmonton, Alberta.

AOS Judging Results Toronto Centre, November 6, 2010: Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes CCM-AOS 81 points, Joyce Medcalf Lepanthes antilocapra CBR-AOS, Jay Norris and Max Wilson.

Anne Antanaitis with Oncidium Sherry Baby PhotoPP SOOS at the Eastern Canada Orchid Society Show in Montreal. Orchids of Southern Ontario & Don Wyatt once again managed to assemble and put Toronto together a marvellous display of flowering orchid plants for our society. Thank you Don and thank you Not many people are aware that native orchids to everyone who lent their plants. The display placed can not only grow in Canada but also thrive. second in Society displays. Les Orchidophiles de There are roughly 77 species of native Canadian Montreal produced one of their spectacular artistic orchids. 61 are found within Ontario with 44 of these located in the Bruce & Grey Peninsulas. In displays of flowering orchids. Their artistry is difficult 4 fact, the official flower of Prince Edward Island is Local Wet Meadows the Moccasin flower (Cypripedium acaule). Wet meadows are defined as semi-wetland Our History saturated with water throughout much of the year. Vegetation includes a variety of There is a conservation mandate in SOOS' herbaceous species while woody plants do not bylaws. In the 1970's & 1980's there was contribute a significant portion of coverage. Soils increasing land development and thus loss of consist of silty and clay-like materials with a habitat for native orchids. In the 1990's Wayne fairly neutral pH. Hingston called for formation of a conservation committee, whose objectives were to identify On the Toronto Islands the wet meadows consist threatened orchid habitat & help fund their of scattered habitats within interdunal areas, preservation through agencies e.g. Nature primarily on the western side of the island. At Conservancy of Canada. Thus, in 1992 our Tommy Thompson Park the largest wetland is at society's Conservation Committee was the south peninsula with smaller sites in the launched. north peninsula. Both areas are flooded and soaked during spring/early summer, drying We are a small team consisting of 8 society slightly with seasonal temperatures. members: Susan Shaw, Rachel Gottesman, Janet Anderson, Tara Seucharan, Tom Shields, Orchids may include Nodding Ladies' Tresses Henry Glowka, Tristan Iafolla, and Tom (Spriranthes cernua), Hooded Ladies' Tresses Atkinson. Our focus is the conservation and (Spiranthes romanzoffiana), Northern Green preservation of choice orchid habitat and the Orchid (Platanthera hyperborea) and Early introduction and restoration of a few species of Coralroot (Corallorhiza trifida). native terrestrial orchids in the Greater Toronto Local Woodland Area. Canadian forests in the southern portion of the In the 2000's we developed educational GTA are typically a deciduous mix, while further brochures for schools, parks and recreational north they are boreal, primarily evergreen and areas (these are available on the SOOS coniferous. The woodland of Tommy Thompson website). We have started a reintroduction Park is relatively young (the plant community is program of select native species with the goals under forty years old) due to the fact that the of establishing self-sustaining colonies in remote entire Leslie Street Spit is man made. The areas and increasing public appreciation and canopy is dominated by eastern cottonwood admiration via plantings in visible but hopefully (Populus deltoides) and a variety of poplars protected zones. while the understory is dominated by red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and sandbar willow (Salix exigua). Herbaceous groundcover Toronto’s Orchids varies based on moisture requirements. The There are 10 historically documented native forest provides habitat for two types of orchids, orchids in Toronto. Conservation Committee the native Showy Lady's-slipper (Cypripedium members have spotted 2 at the Toronto Islands reginae) and Tommy Thompson Park. All are uncommon and the exotic Broad Leaved Helleborine and require moisture and good drainage, so it is (Epipactis helleborine). important to understand their habitat and thus the nature and distribution of watersheds, wet medows and woodlands in the GTA region. GTA Orchid Profiles Local Watersheds Showy Lady‟s-slipper (Cypripedium reginae) 1. Humber River: Humber Valley; Lambton “Reginae” means „Queen‟ and it is the showiest Woods; Downsview Dells of Ontario‟s lady's slippers with its white petals and sepals and rose coloured pouch. They have 2. Don River: Burke Brook; East Don 3 to 6 leaves and vary in height from 20 to 80 Valley; Taylor Creek cm. The flowering period is mid-June to late July. 3. Morningside Park; Rouge Valley; East Point; Scarborough Bluffs 4. High Park; Leslie Street Spit (Tommy Thompson Park); Toronto Islands

conditions of wet mixed coniferous and deciduous forests. Plants have 4 to 25 ascending leaves and can be 15 to 80 cm in height. The light green flowers grow densely on a spike and can be seen from June to mid August. They have a rose-like scent.

Ragged Fringed Orchid (Platanthera lacera) A hardy orchid that is less moisture dependant than most Canadian orchids. Prefers acidic soil conditions and grows among grasses and sedges in bogs and roadside ditches. The only recorded Toronto location is East Point. Plants are easily over-looked, being inconspicuous among the grasses and sedges with which they are associated. The 2 to 5 leaves sheath the stem and the plant is in the 20 to 25 cm height range. The 20 to 40 pale yellow-green to greenish-white flowers appear in late June to July. The flower lip has strange “ragged” lacerations, where the lobes are deeply divided into almost thread-like segments.

Nodding Ladies' Tresses (Spiranthes cernua)

Cypripedium reginae photo PP Thrives in moist open areas, preferring sandy Plants grow in moist woods with various sedge soil over clay. Commonly found along species and are also found in wet, open lakeshores and roadside ditches. The Toronto roadside ditches. There is a single colony at TTP range is the Rouge Valley, Toronto Island and on the woodland edge by the roadside and it is East Point. The plant has 3 to 6 basal leaves undoubtedly in danger of inadvertent damage and can be up to 39 cm in height. It is the last and trampling. This is one of the orchids we've orchid to flower, doing so in late August and been using in our reintroduction projects. September until a heavy frost. The flower spike has 30 to 60 white flowers with yellow centres that face downwards and are sweetly fragrant. Yellow Lady‟s-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum) It's very widespread – in Canada it ranges from Shining Ladies' Tresses (Spiranthes lucida) Nova Scotia to Ontario, and Toronto locations include the Humber and Rouge valleys and East Grows on calcareous (alkaline) soils in sandy Point. The long petals and sepals are dark open areas near aquifers. Often found among reddish brown while the pouch is yellow. Plants grasses and sedges, making identification have 3 to 5 leaves and vary in height from 10 to difficult. The only Toronto recorded sighting is in 35 cm. The flowering period is May to early July the Rouge Valley. This is the smallest, earliest and some varities are fragrant. This is the other blooming and least abundant of our Ladies' orchid we've been using in our reintroduction Tresses orchids. The sometimes fragrant white work. flower with the deep saffron yellow lip is a colour combination that is unique in Ontario orchids. The plant has 3 to 10 leaves clustered at the Northern Green Orchid (Platanthera aquilonis) base and can range from 4 to 35 cm in height. They bloom from mid June to early July. This is the most ecologically diverse species of its genus, with Toronto at its southernmost range and extending north to Alaska. Toronto locations Hooded Ladies' Tresses (Spiranthes include East Point, the Toronto Islands and romanzoffiana) Tommy Thompson Park. These plants thrive in Among the more common of the Ladies' moist to wet shaded habitats, such as swamps Tresses, it is found in abundance near TTP and or streams but can also be found in drier 6 the Toronto Islands, as well as Taylor Creek. Plants prefers moisture, such as frequently Additional Ontario Orchids of Note: flooded and coastal areas. Grass Pink (Calopogon tuberosus) - Large pink, Plants have 3 to 6 mostly basal leaves and can rose-purple, or magenta-crimson flowers, rarely vary from 7 to 25 cm in height. Flowers are white. Central portion of lip is densely bearded tubular, white or creamy, and fragrant. Petals with short cream and orange hairs. Fragrance and sepals form a hood over the lip which is rose-like or lacking. Found in unshaded sites fiddle-shaped. The flowering period is from mid- such as fens, soggy marl flats, or lush mats of July to early September. sphagnum moss.

Loesel‟s Twayblade (Liparis loeselii) Rattlesnake Plantain (Goodyera) – “Jewel” Despite the Liparis genus containing 250 orchid, striking dark green leaves with white species, L. loeselii is only one of two found in veins. Greenish-white flowers. Prefers moist Canada. It prefers depauperate (nutrient poor) areas with little/no vegetative competition. soils and moist conditions and is found in various habitats, including sandy lakeshores and meadows, moist ditches and abandoned gravel Dragon's Mouth (Arethusa bulbosa) – Beautiful pits. Its stout growth hides it from view amid magenta flower with a yellow and white lip. taller vegetation such as rushes. In Toronto it's Found near sunny, open sphagnum bogs. found in the Rouge Valley and East Point. Plants have 2 leaves and range in height from 3 to 18 cm. Flowers are greyish-green to greenish- Rose Pogonia (Pogonia ophioglossoides) – Pink yellow depending on the amount of sunlight the to pinkish-white flowers with yellow bristles on plant receives. Flowering period is late June to the lip. A fen orchid that's intolerant of drought, July. commonly found near sphagnum bogs and marshes. Showy Orchis (Galearis spectabilis) Found in deciduous forests growing in thick humus, plants grow in clusters, often found with spring ephemerals. There are 2 to 14 leaves that are subopposite and basal and the plant can be 8 to 20 cm tall. One of the first orchids to bloom in eastern North America (mid-May to early June), before the leaves are fully leafed out. “Spectabilis” refers to the beautiful flowers. A special feature is the spade-shaped lip and mauve colouring of all floral parts except the lip which is white. Occasionally, alba flowers develop. The sole recorded Toronto location is in the Rouge valley. Calypso bulbosa Photo PP Calypso (Calypso bulbosa) – Showy solitary Early Coralroot (Corallorhiza trifida) pinkish-purple flower. White lips streaked reddish-brown inside. White lip with pinkish- Established as a circumboreal species, it can purple spots and with golden hairs. Despite its thrive in deep shade of coniferous and mixed extensive range, this orchid does not survive woods. Plants are leafless, they use mycorrhizal close contact with man: this once well- associations to replace photosynthesis. Small established orchid has been reduced to a small pale yellow flowers, 3 to 20 per spike, appear in number of remote colonies. late May to early June. The mature seedpods turn bright yellow in late summer and are very recognizable. Broad Leaved Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine) – An introduced European species. If ever you hope to see an orchid pop up in your garden, this will be the one. To some it is less 7

valuable as it is not native nor is it showy. But it is healthy for the plant. This adversely affects the requires no care and is a delight to the plant, potentially causing loss of vigour, inability discerning orchidophile. for seed to germinate and even death. Introduction & Restoration:: Wanton destruction: trail bikes are a good example. Roycroft Wetland Park Habitat loss: cities are “doughnuts”: as the city In June 2009, 6 Yellow Lady's-slippers grows a new ring outwards the existing habitat (Cypripedium parviflorum) were planted near for orchids is lessened. rocks, bogs, stumps and pathways. Care was Habitat degradation: non–native plants escape taken to locate the plants in areas with optimal and find footholds, and can then choke out conditions. As of June 4th 2010, 2 out of 4 sites native orchids. The best examples are garlic are still viable. Site 1 is located near a bog and mustard and purging buckthorn. has more moisture and sunshine. Site 2 is on a Ignorance: people pick a pretty wildflower or small “hill”. Plants in both sites bloomed this simply go charging off-trail, unwittingly wreaking summer. havoc with orchids in the area. Alliston, Simcoe County In June 2010, 3 Showy Lady's-slippers Challenges: (Cypripedium reginae) and 3 Yellow Lady's- slippers (Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin) Plants need lots of care to establish, and even were planted on a private estate (comprising 48 when established may not become self- acres of bog, fast-moving streams and lake). sustaining colonies. The dangers of theft and Planted in 3 sites – a shaded site by Sheldon animal damage must be minimized while giving Mill Creek on a marly, wet seepage slope in the public opportunities to view flowering plants. mottled shade. All the plants survived the There are only a few Canadian growers with summer. The area is secure, a groundskeeper limited varieties of native orchids available. Also, keeps an eye on the orchids and the situation very little information exists on how to choose favours success. sites and establish self-sustaining plants. We have sought out assistance from technical The Brickworks experts, such as Marilyn Light (University of Ottawa) who seek through scientific study over Yellow Lady's-slippers (Cypripedium parviflorum) several years to unlock the mysteries of native were planted in 3 sites in 2007, 2008 and 2009 orchid regeneration. with assistance of Toronto Parks. The goal was to (re-)introduce orchids to the area. There has been mixed success as colonies are still viable but not self-sustaining, thus it is “gardening” at Conservation present. After an early June visit to the site, benign neglect was the order of the season. Bayview Wetland, North of Kingston That is, it was time to let nature take its course $10,000 donated in 2007. The property is and see which orchids, if any, would thrive on managed by the Cataraqui Region Conservation their own. In spring 2011, we will return to see Authority and they guard the site zealously. The what the results are. wetlands contain Yellow (Cypripedium parviflorum) and Showy (Cypripedium reginae)

Lady's-slipper orchids. Problems: McLennan2 property, Northern Bruce Peninsula Theft: people will dig up wild plants, and orchids are no exception. Do so with most of our native $3,000 donated in 2010. This property is part of orchids, and it is a death sentence. In fact, the the provincially significant Stokes Bay-Gauley Bay Wetland complex and contains important Ladies-tresses in Taylor Creek Park were stolen coastal fen wetlands, a habitat that is being lost by some misguided soul. It is for this reason that in the region due to development. The fens the location of orchids in the wild must be the contain Rose Pogonia (Pogonia knowledge of only a trusted few. ophioglossoides), Loesel‟s Twayblade (Liparis Trampling: photographers, interested hikers, will loeselii) and various Ladies‟ Tresses especially come closer to the root system of an orchid than Spiranthes romanzoffiana and S. cernua. Giant 8

Rattlesnake Plantain (Goodyera oblongifolia) and Striped Coral-root (Corallorhiza striata) can . occasionally be found in these areas. A Star is born

Crystal Star Orchids offers

Moving Forward broker service with over 15 top orchid nurseries from Taiwan We are talking to and hoping to undertake and the U.S.A, including: collaborative efforts with the new Evergreen greenhouse at the Brickworks and also with the University of Toronto's Koffler Scientific Reserve. Ching Hua Orchids, In Charm, Krull Smith, and Sunset Valley. References:

Bruce-Grey Plant Committee. (2002). The Our website is up and running. Orchids of Bruce & Grey. Stan Brown Printers If you have any questions Limited: Owen Sound. please feel free to email us at: Higgins, V., Denzel, S., and Fazari, N. (1992). [email protected] Plant Communities of the Leslie Street Spit – A or call Beginner’s Guide. Friends of the Spit. Toronto. Eric Lee at (905) 478-8398. The Orchid Society of the Royal Botanical Gardens www.osrbg.ca

Toronto Field Naturalists. (1972). Check List of Plants in Four Toronto Parks. Toronto Tullock, John. (2005). Growing Hardy Orchids. Timber Press: Oregon. Varga, Steve. Toronto Islands – Plant Communities and Noteworthy Species. Toronto Field Naturalists. Toronto: 1987

New listings added weekly

November 2010 Show Table

Class First Second Third

Class 1 Rhyncholaeliocattleya Rhyncholaeliocattleya Cattleya labiata alba (Potinara)Diciommo Patricia (Brassocattleya) Angel Lace Cattleya Alliance Terry Kowalczuk Joe Diciommo Tenny Chan

Class 3 Phalaenopsis lindenii Aerangis punctata Neostylis Lou Sneary Phalaenopsis and Calvin Wong Erica Lorincz Sue Loftus Vanda Alliance

Class 4 Oncidium Sherry Baby Oncidium Sherry Baby Synea Tan Oncidium and related Anne Antanaitis

Class 6 Dendrobium miyakei Dendrobium ceraula fma. alba Calvin Wong Dendrobium Stan Luk Class 7 Liparis elegans Lepanthes species All Others Calvin Wong Jay Norris and Max Wilson

Class 8 Bulbophyllum grandiflorum Specimen Plants Stan Luk Class 9 Terry and Doug Kennedy Baskets or Displays

OrchidsCanada.webs.com