Highland Creek Geomorphic Systems Master Plan

StreamStream RestorationRestoration DesignDesign andand ManagementManagement inin CityCity ofof TorontoToronto (Highland Creek Watershed Case Study): Reactive,Reactive, ProactiveProactive && AdaptiveAdaptive ManagementManagement

Presentation to the Latornel Conference: Session Climate Change etc

November 18, 2015

William J Snodgrass, & Don Sorel Stream Restoration Specialists , Water Infrastructure Management, City of Toronto WWFMPWWFMPWWFMP PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy

• Wet weather flow issues to be managed on a watershed basis

• Stormwater Management using a hierarchical approach: - Source Controls – lot level - Conveyance System – road right of way - End-of-pipe – before stormwater is discharged

• Consider Source control measures first and balance them with the other measures in regards to effects on Environmental // Social // Economic Factors StrategiesStrategies && CostCost EstimatesEstimates

Strat Description Cost No. [billion]

1 Status Quo accom., upstream growth and 1 + intensification in Toronto (1 million) 2 Opportunistic 3

3 Achieve moderate targets with aggressive 5 E O P 4 Achieve moderate targets – aggressive 6 source and conveyance controls 5 Achieve significant targets 11 GeomorphicGeomorphic && AquaticAquatic habitathabitat ResponseResponse (Don R trib.) TargetTarget ModerateModerate –– 8.58.5 SignificantSignificant -- 66

Peakiness [Qp/ Qb]

Series1 10 Peakiness 5

0 0123456 Strategy Numbber THETHE MASTERMASTER PLANPLAN (2003)(2003)

• Master Plan defines the next steps needed to improve water quality and protect infrastructure

• Preferred Strategy (Focus 70 – 100 a) • to achieve the ambitious goals of the plan (over 70 - 100 years)

• 25 year Master Plan • a list of projects to be implemented over the next 25 years • considers priority areas for water qaimprovement a priorities - Health & Safety (beach water quality, basement flooding, river flooding)

- Legislative (combined sewer overflow control: MOE F5-5)

- Infrastructure Protection & Renewal

- Accommodate Growth

$40 million annually for 25 years (total, $1 billion) EXPENDITURESEXPENDITURES ININ CITYCITY--WIDEWIDE 2525 YEARYEAR PLANPLAN

PUBLIC EDUCATION ($30 M ) - MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS ($52 M ) - SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ($44 M ) - SOURCE CONTROLS ($107 M ) - CONVEYANCE CONTROLS ($97 M )

END-OF-PIPE CONTROLS ($757 M )

BASEMENT FLOODING ($57 M )

STREAM RESTORATION ($122 M) WWFMPWWFMPWWFMP StreamStreamStream RestorationRestorationRestoration

Proactive StreamStreamStream RestorationRestorationRestoration ProjectProjectProject

Humber Creek - After

Humber Creek - Before ImpactsImpactsImpacts ofofof AugustAugustAugust 19,19,19, 200520052005 StormStormStorm

• 2-3 hour storm • exceeded 1 in 100 year storm in north part of the City – Highway 401 to Steeles Avenue corridor • City of Toronto rain gauge station recorded 153 millimetres AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 3:003:003:00 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 3:303:303:30 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 4:104:104:10 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 4:304:304:30 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 4:504:504:50 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 5:105:105:10 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 5:305:305:30 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 5:505:505:50 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 6:106:106:10 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 6:306:306:30 pmpmpm AugustAugustAugust 191919 ––– 7:307:307:30 pmpmpm RainRainRain GaugeGaugeGauge DataDataData

153 148 83

150 80 ´ 119 121 106 104 S 97 S S 95 S S 94 S S S 72 S S36 S

S 50 T 86 47 T: 49 46 T 23 39 T 31 19

T 32 35 35 T 31 T: 35 T: 35 : : : T 26 T T AUGUST 19, 2005 : T : STORM EVENT : T T : RAIN GAUG E LO CATION S : T SH (August 19, 2005 Event) 2005 - Storm 19, (August RainFigure Gauge - Summary Data 1 38 T OW ING TO TA L RAIN (mm) T: AN D RETURN FRE Q UE NCY T: Legend

To tal Ra in fall (m m ) T:

RE TURN FREQ UENCY T: Und er 2yr sto rm

T Und er 5yr sto rm

T Und er 25yr storm S 100yr storm an d over Prepared B y: Water Infrastructure M anagem ent DamageDamageDamage SummarySummarySummary

• Flash floods of creeks, rivers and ravines • Overflowed stream banks • Watercourse bank erosion • Damage to public and private infrastructure and property • Sewer Backups InsuranceInsuranceInsurance BureauBureauBureau ofofof CanadaCanadaCanada

• most expensive natural disaster in Ontario history • expect to pay out more than $400 million • impact from Kitchener-Waterloo to Toronto to Durham & beyond • vast majority of claims for sewer back-ups

Source: http://insurance-canada.ca/consinfohome/IBC-Ontario-storm-509.php Reactive; Emergency Situation

DVP/Bayview Extension Roads were reopened overnight Military Trail @ Ellesmere MilitaryMilitaryMilitary TrailTrailTrail @@@ EllesmereEllesmereEllesmere RoadRoadRoad Saturday,Saturday,Saturday, AugustAugustAugust 20,20,20, 200520052005 MilitaryMilitaryMilitary TrailTrailTrail @@@ EllesmereEllesmereEllesmere RoadRoadRoad

Opened Friday August 26 Finch @ Black Creek FinchFinchFinch @@@ BlackBlackBlack CreekCreekCreek 2 High Pressure Gas Mains Broken Watermain

Broken Maintenance Hole

Bell Canada Plant Bell Canada Plant Parks Path

Toronto Hydro and Rogers Cable StreamStreamStream ErosionErosionErosion

• Over 140 sites (Toronto Water, Parks & TRCA) were investigated to prioritize repairs • Damage ranged from fence damage to stream bank collapse • Multiple Reports on estimated costs and timelines • Lessons from May 2000 storm– took 4 - 5 years to repair ¾ of sites

G. Ross Lord Park d Highland Creek

Birkdale Ravine a d

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Black Creek L d d

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Birkdale Ravine

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Highland Creek

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t Sewage Treatment

K S

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v Plant

u A

Derrydowns h

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ve ton A Eglin Ave forth

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Hanlan’s Point

HighlandHighlandHighland CreekCreekCreek TrunkTrunkTrunk SanitarySanitarySanitary SewerSewerSewer CollapseCollapseCollapse

• Summary of Actions – Isolated area discovered after creek flows subsided (Monday AM, August 22) – Agencies contacted and approval granted for emergency repair – With Toronto Public Health and Parks - Morningside Park closed for public health & safety concerns

Reactive Management

l E

Exposed Trunk Sanitary Sewer HighlandHighlandHighland CreekCreekCreek TrunkTrunkTrunk SanitarySanitarySanitary SewerSewerSewer RepairRepairRepair

• Creek redirected and trench excavated to intercept the sanitary flows • Spill contained by Monday evening • Permanent repair of the trunk sewer underway • Determining most appropriate method of protection from further damage for this valley segment

(i) DFO / MNR TRCA Permits (ii) GSMPs - The Long Term Planning Process!

Valley Segment 4A Emergency Works Characterization Report Segment 4A Phase III Markham Road Bridge Valley Segment 8 At Progress Environmental Assessment

Morningside Bridge

Emergency Proposed Extension Works Phase I to 4A Study Area Phase I (Stage 2 & 3)

Markham Road Bridge At Lawrence / West Highland Fish Passage Highland Creek Geomorphic Systems Master Plan

Scarboro Golf Course

West Highland Restoration State of Good Repair & Emergency Works

• Response to May 12, 2000 and August 19, 2005 Storms,

• Response to many other storms

• Work Locations Dictated by Immediate Need

• Design based on geomorphic principles

• Guided by GSMP where completed Valley Segment 8 Valley Segment 8 – Current Conditions

Phase IV

Phase III Phase I

Phase II TheTheThe ConceptConceptConcept PlanPlanPlan

• Principles – Thalweig Based on Aug 19th storm – Channel and floodplane characteristics • Channel on edge – single vs braided • Channel width & floodplane extension • Stream Power and Erodable bottom • Narrow confined valley; multiple levels of evolution • Large mobile bars and sediment load – Move from a reactive mode to a holistic systems analysis – Lesson from 2002 storm rebuild mapped onto Aug 19th 2005 storm damage – City Conclusion, supported by agencies – completely Reconstruct Channel – Maintain channel depth to floodplain elevation geometry – Estimated riffle – pool geometry based on Regional Curves – Aggressive planting strategy for floodplain Reactive Management with Planning = Adaptive Exposed Trunk Sanitary Sewer

VVV SSS 888 VVV SSS 888 SummerSummerSummer 200820082008 SummerSummerSummer 200820082008 VVV SSS 888 NovNovNov 200720072007 VVV SSS 888 OctOctOct 201520152015 TakeTakeTake homehomehome messagesmessagesmessages

• Management – Asset Management

– Proactive Management - WWFMP ; GSAHMP(Geomorphic Systems Aquatic Habitat Master Plan

– Reactive Management (Basement Flooding; Stream Restoration, after major storms)

– Adaptive Management

• GSAHNP Enhancements – Coordination with Urban Valley Land Projects (Trails, Pedestrian bridges; Roadway Culverts and Bridges; washrooms etc)

– Riparian Zones and Terrestrial Natural Heritage StreamStreamStream RestorationRestorationRestoration StudyStudyStudy /// M.P.M.P.M.P. (Planned(Planned(Planned ––– proactiveproactiveproactive management)management)management)

Watershed Tributary Scale Geomorphic Scale Systems and Habitat MP) •WWFMP • Burke Brook • Highland • Newtonbrooke Creek GSMP • Taylor Massey Creek •Mud •Duncan • Wilket

Proactive Management ManagementManagementManagement WWFMPWWFMPWWFMP --- StreamStreamStream RestorationRestorationRestoration (Planned(Planned(Planned ––– proactiveproactiveproactive management)management)management) StreamStreamStream RestorationRestorationRestoration OverallOverallOverall MapMapMap (TW(TW(TW &&& TRCA)TRCA)TRCA) AdaptiveAdaptiveAdaptive ManagementManagementManagement

• Institutionalize AEM process

• Documented in “A M of Stream Corridors in Ontario” StreamStream RestorationRestoration DesignDesign andand ManagementManagement inin CityCity ofof TorontoToronto (Highland Creek Watershed Case Study): Reactive,Reactive, ProactiveProactive && AdaptiveAdaptive ManagementManagement

Presentation to the Latornel Conference: Session Climate Change etc

November 18, 2015 ThankThank youyou andand QuestionsQuestions

William J Snodgrass, & Don Sorel Stream Restoration Specialists , Water Infrastructure Management, City of Toronto StreamStream RestorationRestoration DesignDesign andand ManagementManagement inin CityCity ofof TorontoToronto (Highland Creek Watershed Case Study): Reactive, Proactive & Adaptive Management

Presentation to the Latornel Conference: Session Climate Change etc

November 18, 2015 KeyKey FactorsFactors

William J Snodgrass, & Don Sorel Stream Restoration Specialists , Water Infrastructure Management, City of Toronto TheTheThe SanitarySanitarySanitary TrunkTrunkTrunk SewerSewerSewer SystemSystemSystem

61 THE TEAM

• John Mackay, Kazmir Kaczor, Alonso Walters, Greg Snooks and Sam Grossi • Don Sorel, Dennis Snow, Paul Viggiani, • Lee Anne Jones, Annette Kopec • Mario Crognale, Frank Quarisa • Martin Bugden, Tracey Keeso, Frank Trinchini, Paul Clements, • M D”Andrea, Tony Pagnanelli, J P’Ng, • Kumar Sivakumar, Cliff Chu, Beth McEwen, Chris Hope, • Craig Macrae, Brian Hindley, Dave Maunder, et al Aquafor- Beech, Geomorphic and Fish Consultants • Paul Ainslie, City Councillor, Ward 43 • ...... • Diane Chester

• Agency Review Staff (W May, M Preston, Helal Sayeed, L Matos, S Woolfenden, L Cook, S Dhalla, S Heuchert, . . .) KnowledgeableKnowledgeableKnowledgeable FieldFieldField workworkwork LeadersLeadersLeaders (In(In(In---FieldFieldField adjustments)adjustments)adjustments) (i) DFO / MNR /TRCA Permits (The bain of my existence, yet essential part of life)

Valley Segment 4A Emergency Works Characterization Report Segment 4A Phase III Markham Road Bridge Valley Segment 8 At Progress Environmental Assessment

Morningside Bridge

Emergency Proposed Extension Works Phase I to 4A Study Area Phase I (Stage 2 & 3)

Markham Road Bridge At Lawrence / West Highland Fish Passage Highland Creek Geomorphic Systems Master Plan

Scarboro Golf Course

West Highland Restoration TheTheThe ConceptConceptConcept PlanPlanPlan

• Principles – Thalweig Based on Aug 19th storm – Channel and floodplane characteristics • Channel on edge – single vs braided • Channel width & floodplane extension • Stream Power and Erodable bottom • Narrow confined valley; multiple levels of evolution • Large mobile bars and sediment load – Move from a reactive mode to a holistic systems analysis – Lesson from 2002 storm rebuild mapped onto Aug 19th 2005 storm damage – City Conclusion, supported by agencies – completely Reconstruct Channel – Maintain channel depth to floodplain elevation geometry – Estimated riffle – pool geometry based on Regional Curves – Aggressive planting strategy for floodplain TheTheThe ConceptConceptConcept PlanPlanPlan ––– UnderstandingUnderstandingUnderstanding MotherMotherMother NatureNatureNature AdaptiveAdaptiveAdaptive ManagementManagementManagement

• Institutionalize AEM process

Presentation to the Latornel Conference: Session Climate Change etc

November 18, 2015 KeyKey FactorsFactors

William J Snodgrass, & Don Sorel Stream Restoration Specialists , Water Infrastructure Management, City of Toronto BirkdaleBirkdaleBirkdale

• Video Clips The Birkdale Bluff - - - - Aug 27th 2005 June 21 2006 June 21 2006 The Birkdale Bluff - - - - Aug 27th 2005 THE TEAM

• Kamran Sarrami, Frank Trinchini, Paul Clements, • Mario Crognale • M D”Andrea, Tony Pagnanelli, J P’ng, Brian Denney • Jim Kidd, Jeff Madeley Risk Management • Councillor Thompson • Residents of 289, 291, 293, 295 Birkdale • Beth McEwen, Chris Hope, Kumar Sivakumar, Cliff Chu • Paul Villard, et al SERNAS • S Cheng, TROW • Mark Preston, Jim Berry TRCA • ......

• Diane Chester

• Agency Review Staff (W May, M Preston, Helal Sayeed, L Matos, S Woolfenden, L Cook, S Dhalla, S Heuchert, . . .) • N Sacconne EndEndEnd