Chapter Four the Mysterious Universe of James Jeans
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The Andrew Wiles Building: a Short History Below: Charles L
Nick Woodhouse The Andrew Wiles Building: A short history Below: Charles L. Dodgson A short time in the life of the University (Lewis Carroll) aged 24 at his “The opening of this desk [Wakeling Collection] The earliest ‘mathematical institute’ in Oxford fantastic building is may have been the School of Geometry and Arithmetic in the main Quadrangle of the great news for Oxford’s Bodleian Library (completed in 1620). But it was clearly insufficient to provide space staff and students, who for everyone. In 1649, a giant of Oxford mathematics, John Wallis, was elected to the will soon be learning Savilian Chair of Geometry. As a married man, he could not hold a college fellowship and he together in a stunning had no college rooms. He had to work from rented lodgings in New College Lane. new space.” In the 19th century, lectures were mainly given in colleges, prompting Charles Dodgson Rt Hon David Willets MP (Lewis Carroll) to write a whimsical letter to Minister of State for Universities and Science the Senior Censor of Christ Church. After commenting on the unwholesome nature of lobster sauce and the accompanying nightmares it can produce, he remarked: ‘This naturally brings me on to the subject of Mathematics, and of the accommodation provided by the University for carrying on the calculations necessary in that important branch of science.’ He continued with a detailed set of specifications, not all of which have been met even now. There was no room for the “narrow strip of ground, railed off and carefully levelled, for investigating the properties of Asymptotes, and testing practically whether Parallel Lines meet or not: for this purpose it should reach, to use the expressive language of Euclid, ‘ever so far’”. -
Philosophy and the Physicists Preview
L. Susan Stebbing Philosophy and the Physicists Preview il glifo ebooks ISBN: 9788897527466 First Edition: December 2018 (A) Copyright © il glifo, December 2018 www.ilglifo.it 1 Contents FOREWORD FROM THE EDITOR Note to the 2018 electronic edition PHILOSOPHY AND THE PHYSICISTS Original Title Page PREFACE NOTE PART I - THE ALARMING ASTRONOMERS Chapter I - The Common Reader and the Popularizing Scientist Chapter II - THE ESCAPE OF SIR JAMES JEANS PART II - THE PHYSICIST AND THE WORLD Chapter III - ‘FURNITURE OF THE EARTH’ Chapter IV - ‘THE SYMBOLIC WORLD OF PHYSICS’ Chapter V - THE DESCENT TO THE INSCRUTABLE Chapter VI - CONSEQUENCES OF SCRUTINIZING THE INSCRUTABLE PART III - CAUSALITY AND HUMAN FREEDOM Chapter VII - THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY NIGHTMARE Chapter VIII - THE REJECTION OF PHYSICAL DETERMINISM Chapter IX - REACTIONS AND CONSEQUENCES Chapter X - HUMAN FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY PART IV - THE CHANGED OUTLOOK Chapter XI - ENTROPY AND BECOMING Chapter XII - INTERPRETATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX BACK COVER Susan Stebbing 2 Foreword from the Editor In 1937 Susan Stebbing published Philosophy and the Physicists , an intense and difficult essay, in reaction to reading the works written for the general public by two physicists then at the center of attention in England and the world, James Jeans (1877-1946) and Arthur Eddington (1882- 1944). The latter, as is known, in 1919 had announced to the Royal Society the astronomical observations that were then considered experimental confirmations of the general relativity of Einstein, and who by that episode had managed to trigger the transformation of general relativity into a component of the mass and non-mass imaginary of the twentieth century. -
The 29 of May Or Sir Arthur and The
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-4, Apr.-2018 http://iraj.in THE 29TH OF MAY OR SIR ARTHUR AND THE BENDING LIGHT (TEACHING SCIENCE AND LITERATURE JOINTLY) MICHAEL KATZ Faculty of Education, Haifa University, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - In this paper I present an instance illustrating a program of joint teaching of science and literature. The instance sketched here rests on recognition that at the age when children read books like Kästner's "The 35th of May" they can already taste notions of Relativity Theory through the story of Eddington's expedition to Principe Island. Eddington's story is briefly recounted here with references to Kästner's book. The relationships thus exhibited between science and fiction, fantasy and reality, theory and actuality, humor and earnestness, should help evoke school age children's interest in science and literature at early stages in their studies' endeavor. Keywords - Bending Light, Fantasy, Gravitation, Relativity, Science and Literature. I. INTRODUCTION South Seas" – a story of adventure and humor by Erich Kästner, the well known German author of The idea that teaching science and humanities in more than a few dearly loved novels, mostly for primary and secondary schools needn't necessarily be children and adolescents. The book was first seen as disjoint objectives is prevalent in the thought published in German in 1931 and in English shortly and practice of more than a few scholars and teachers after. in recent years. Carole Cox [1], for example, unfolds forty strategies of literature based teaching of various Twelve years earlier, in 1919, another journey topics in arts and sciences. -
Tributions in Two Separate fields—Theoretical Chemistry and Artificial Intelligence
Christopher Longuet-Higgins Hugh Christopher Longuet-Higgins was an outstanding scientist who made lasting con- tributions in two separate fields—theoretical chemistry and artificial intelligence. He was an applied mathematician of exceptional gifts, whose ability to see to the mathematical heart of a scientific problem transcended all disciplinary boundaries. He is survived by his younger brother Michael, who is a distinguished geophysicist Christopher was born in Kent, the second of three children of the Reverend Henry Hugh Longuet-Higgins, and Albinia Cecil Longuet-Higgins, n´ee Bazeley. He was edu- cated at Winchester (where he was a contemporary of Freeman Dyson, whose brilliance in physics he said led him to avoid going in for that subject) and at Oxford, where he studied both music and chemistry. (While his career lay in science, he was also an exceptionally fine pianist, capable of brilliant improvisation in the late romantic style, with a deep love and understanding of music that sustained him throughout his life.) While still an undergraduate, he published an important paper with his tutor Ronald Bell on the structure of diborane, from which several subsequently confirmed predictions concerning the existence and structure of similarly electron-deficient molecules followed. Later, he provided an analysis for the structure in terms of a novel type of bond whose existence he proved on the basis of Mulliken's molecular orbital theory, and which led to a complete analysis of the structure of the boranes. This work formed part of his PhD at Oxford under Charles Coulson, a pioneer in applying statistical and quantum mechanics to the analysis of molecular structure. -
Revised Theory of Gravity Doesn't Predict a Big Bang 12 July 2010, by Lisa Zyga
Revised theory of gravity doesn't predict a Big Bang 12 July 2010, By Lisa Zyga decades he became more interested in finding a theory to unify gravity and quantum mechanics - a task that is still being studied today. In 1924, Eddington proposed a new “gravitational action” as an alternative to the Einstein-Hilbert action, which could serve as an alternative starting point to general relativity. In astrophysics, a gravitational action is the mechanism that describes how gravity can emerge from space-time being curved by matter and energy. However, Eddington’s theory of gravity only worked for empty space and didn’t Illustration: Time Line of the Universe Credit: include any source of energy such as matter, NASA/WMAP making it an incomplete theory. Since Eddington’s proposal, scientists have attempted various ways of including matter into the (PhysOrg.com) -- The Big Bang theory has formed theory, although they have run into problems. In the basis of our understanding of the universe's this study, Banados and Ferreira have tried a new origins since it was first proposed in 1927 by way to extend the theory to include matter by using Georges Lemaitre. And for good reason: the theory a gravitational action called the Born-Infeld action. is supported by scientists' latest observations and experiments, and is based on Einstein's widely In their analysis, the scientists found that a key accepted theory of general relativity. But scientists characteristic of Eddington’s revised theory of are always on the lookout for any evidence that gravity is that it reproduces Einstein gravity might suggest an alternative to the Big Bang. -
Geometry of Some Functional Architectures of Vision
Singular Landscapes: in honor of Bernard Teissier 22-26 June, 2015 Geometry of some functional architectures of vision Jean Petitot CAMS, EHESS, Paris J. Petitot Neurogeometry Bernard and visual neuroscience Bernard helped greatly the developement of geometrical models in visual neuroscience. In 1991 he organized the first seminars on these topics at the ENS and founded in 1999 with Giuseppe Longo the seminar Geometry and Cognition. From 1993 on, he organized at the Treilles Foundation many workshops with specialists such as Jean-Michel Morel, David Mumford, G´erard Toulouse, St´ephaneMallat, Yves Fr´egnac, Jean Lorenceau, Olivier Faugeras. He organised also in 1998 with J.-M. Morel and D. Mumford a special quarter Mathematical Questions on Signal and Image processing at the IHP. He worked with Alain Berthoz at the College de France (Daniel Bennequin worked also a lot there on geometrical models in visual neuroscience). J. Petitot Neurogeometry Introduction to Neurogeometry In this talk I would try to explain some aspects of Neurogeometry, concerning the link between natural low level vision of mammals and geometrical concepts such as fibrations, singularities, contact structure, polarized Heisenberg group, sub-Riemannian geometry, noncommutative harmonic analysis, etc. I will introduce some very basic and elementary experimental facts and theoretical concepts. QUESTION: How the visual brain can be a neural geometric engine? J. Petitot Neurogeometry The visual brain Here is an image of the human brain. It shows the neural pathways from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamic relay) and then to the occipital primary visual cortex (area V 1). J. Petitot Neurogeometry fMRI of human V1 fMRI of the retinotopic projection of a visual hemifield on the corresponding V1 (human) hemisphere. -
Curriculum Vitaecv (PDF)
Laura Gagliardi April 2020 CURRICULUM VITAE LAURA GAGLIARDI CURRENT PROFESSIONAL ADDRESS Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE (Office 229) Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431 Phone: (612) 625-8299 Email: [email protected] Web page: http://www.chem.umn.edu/groups/gagliardi ACADEMIC RANK McKnight Presidential Endowed Chair, Distinguished McKnight University Professor, Professor of Chemistry, and Graduate Faculty Appointment in Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota EDUCATION Degree Institution Degree Granted M.A./M.S. University of Bologna, Italy 1992 Ph.D./J.D. University of Bologna, Italy 1997 [Ph.D. advisor: Gian Luigi Bendazzoli] PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE University of Minnesota McKnight Presidential Endowed Chair 2019-present Distinguished McKnight University Professor 2014-present Professor 2009-present Director, Inorganometallic Catalyst Design Center EFRC 2014-present Graduate Appointment in Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 2012-present Director, Chemical Theory Center 2012-present Director, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center 2012 - 2014 Previous Employment Associate Professor, University of Geneva (Switzerland) 2005 - 2009 Assistant Professor, University of Palermo (Italy) 2000 - 2004 Postdoctoral Appointments University of Cambridge (U.K.) 1998 - 2000 Graduate Appointments University of Bologna (Italy) 1993 - 1997 1 Laura Gagliardi April 2020 RESEARCH INTERESTS AND EXPERTISE Development of novel quantum chemical methods for strongly correlated systems. Combination of first principle methods with classical simulation techniques. The applications are focused on the computational design of novel materials and molecular systems for energy-related challenges. Special focus is devoted to modeling catalysis and spectroscopy in molecular systems; catalysis and gas separation in porous materials; photovoltaic properties of organic and inorganic semiconductors; separation of actinides. -
Review of the Year 2009/10
Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Review of the year 2009/10 1 Celebrating 350 years Review of the year 2009/10 02 Review of the year 2009/10 President’s foreword Executive Secretary’s report Review of the year 2009/10 03 Contents President’s foreword ..............................................................02 Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder Executive Secretary’s report ..................................................03 and excitement of scientific discovery ..................................16 Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation ..............04 Seeing further: the Royal Society celebrates 350 years .......20 Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice ........08 Summarised financial statements .........................................22 Invigorate science and mathematics education ...................10 Income and expenditure statement ......................................23 Increase access to the best science internationally ..............12 Fundraising and support ........................................................24 List of donors ..........................................................................25 President’s Executive foreword Secretary’s report This year we have focused on the excellent This has been a remarkable year for the Society, our opportunity afforded by our 350th anniversary 350th, and we have mounted a major programme not only to promote the work of the Society to inspire minds, young and old alike, with the but to raise the profile of science -
The Perception of Color from Motion
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title The perception of color from motion. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01g8j7f5 Journal Perception & psychophysics, 57(6) ISSN 0031-5117 Authors Cicerone, CM Hoffman, DD Gowdy, PD et al. Publication Date 1995-08-01 DOI 10.3758/bf03206792 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Perception & Psychophysics /995,57(6),76/-777 The perception of color from motion CAROLM. CICERONE, DONALD D. HOFFMAN, PETER D, GOWDY, and JIN S. KIM University ofCalifornia, Irvine, California Weintroduce and explore a color phenomenon which requires the priorperception of motion to pro duce a spread of color over a region defined by motion. Wecall this motion-induced spread of colordy namic color spreading. The perception of dynamic color spreading is yoked to the perception of ap parentmotion: As the ratings of perceived motion increase, the ratings of color spreading increase. The effect is most pronounced ifthe region defined by motion is near 10 of visual angle. As the luminance contrast between the region defined by motion and the surround changes, perceived saturation of color spreading changes while perceived hue remains roughly constant. Dynamic color spreading is some times, but not always, bounded by a subjective contour. Wediscuss these findings in terms of interac tions between color and motion pathways. Neon color spreading (see, e.g., van Tuijl, 1975; Varin, Mathematica (Version 2.03) program used for generating 1971) shows that the colors we perceive do not always such frames is given in Appendix A. -
Important Processes Illustrated September 22, 2021
Important Processes Illustrated September 22, 2021 Copyright © 2012-2021 John Franklin Moore. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 Consciousness>Sense .................................................................................................................... 6 space and senses ....................................................................................................................... 6 Consciousness>Sense>Hearing>Music ..................................................................................... 18 tone in music ........................................................................................................................... 18 Consciousness>Sense>Touch>Physiology ................................................................................ 23 haptic touch ............................................................................................................................ 23 Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology>Depth Perception ................................................ 25 distance ratio .......................................................................................................................... 25 Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology>Depth Perception ................................................ 31 triangulation by eye .............................................................................................................. -
Anti-Semitism and Zionism
Bachelor Thesis Natuur- en Sterrenkunde Einstein and Spinoza in Weimar Germany by Nicolaas J. Geijer October 2019 Studentnumber 11000058 Supervisor Prof. Dr. Jeroen van Dongen Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 Jewish Emancipation ....................................................................................................... 4 Spinoza .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Einstein .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Einstein and the Jewish Renaissance ....................................................................... 11 World War I ............................................................................................................................... 12 Ostjuden ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Spinoza the Authentic Jew ............................................................................................ 16 The Heidelberg Affair ............................................................................................................. 18 Anti-Semitism and -
Einstein for the 21St Century
Einstein for the 21st Century Einstein for the 21st Century HIS LEGACY IN SCIENCE, ART, AND MODERN CULTURE Peter L. Galison, Gerald Holton, and Silvan S. Schweber, Editors princeton university press | princeton and oxford Copyright © 2008 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Einstein for the twenty-first century: His legacy in science, art, and modern culture / Peter L. Galison, Gerald Holton, and Silvan S. Schweber, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-13520-5 (hardcover : acid-free paper) 1. Einstein, Albert, 1879–1955—Influence. I. Galison, Peter Louis. II. Holton, Gerald James. III. Schweber, S. S. (Silvan S.) IV. Title: Einstein for the 21st century. QC16.E5E446 2008 530.092—dc22 2007034853 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Aldus and Trajan Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 13579108642 Contents Introduction ix part 1 Solitude and World 1 Who Was Einstein? Why Is He Still So Alive? 3 Gerald Holton 2 A Short History of Einstein’s Paradise beyond the Personal 15 Lorraine Daston 3 Einstein’s Jewish Identity 27 Hanoch Gutfreund 4 Einstein and God 35 Yehuda Elkana 5 Einstein’s Unintended Legacy: The Critique of Common-Sense Realism and Post-Modern Politics 48 Yaron Ezrahi 6 Subversive Einstein 59 Susan Neiman 7 Einstein and Nuclear Weapons 72 Silvan S.