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Investigation of Magnetism in Transition Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 9-14-2020 Investigation of Magnetism in Transition Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films Michael Adventure Hopkins Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Physics Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hopkins, Michael Adventure, "Investigation of Magnetism in Transition Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films" (2020). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5607. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7479 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Investigation of Magnetism in Transition Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films by Michael Adventure Hopkins A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Physics Dissertation Committee: Raj Solanki, Chair Andrew Rice Shankar Rananavare Dean Atkinson Portland State University 2020 © 2020 Michael Adventure Hopkins ii Abstract Layered two dimensional films have been a topic of interest in the materials science community driven by the intriguing properties demonstrated in graphene. Tunable layer dependent electrical and magnetic properties have been shown in these materials and the ability to grow in the hexagonal phase provides opportunities to grow isostructural stacked heterostructures. In this investigation, cobalt selenide (CoSe) and nickel selenide (NiSe) were grown in the hexagonal phase, which consist of central metal atoms that are natively ferromagnetic in bulk, hence providing the potential for interesting magnetic phases in thin film arrangements as well. -
SEDERHOLMITE, WILKMANITE, KULLERUDITE, M..AKINENITE and TRUSTEDTITE, FIVE NEW NICKEL SELENIDE MINERALS 1)
T 4 SEDERHOLMITE, WILKMANITE, KULLERUDITE, M..AKINENITE and TRUSTEDTITE, FIVE NEW NICKEL SELENIDE MINERALS 1) BY Y. VUORELAINEN, A. HUHMA AND A. H.A.KLI Outokumpu Co., Finland ABSTRACT Five new nickel selenide minerals from Kuusamo, NE-Finland are described. The minerals occur in veinlets in albitites associated with uranium mineralisation. Sederholmite, which is identical with the synthetic hexagonal fJ-NiSe phase, has a o = 3.62 - 3.65 A and eo = 5.29 - 5.34 A depending upon composition. Wilkmanite corresponds to the artificial monoclinic Ni3Se4 phase. Its a o = 6.22 A, b o = 3.63 A, CO = 10.52 A and fJ = 90.55°. Kullerudite NiSe 2 is an ortho-rhombic nickelian analogue of ferroselite with a o = 4.89 A, b o = 5.96 A and Co = 3.76 A. M:ikinenite, which is the same as the artificial y-NiSe phase, has a trigonal symmetry with a o = 10.01 A and Co = 3.28 A. Triistedtite is a cubic spinel type Ni3Se4 having a o = 9.94 A. It forms a solid solution series with polydymite. Members of this series with 40-70 mole per cent polydymite component have also been found. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 114 GEOLOGY OF THE SELENIUM MINERALISATION AREA 115 OCCURRENCE 116 PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES 117 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 117 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 118 NOMENCLATURE 124 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 124 REFERENCES 125 1) Received May 6, 1964. 15 10547-64 114 Bulletin de la Commislsion geologique de Finlande N: 0 215. INTRODUCTION SI n The system nickel-selenium has been studied by various authors. Ac SI cording to the literature the following selenides of nickel are known. -
Sulfur and the Origins of Life
Sulfur and the Origins of Life A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Biochemistry at the University of Canterbury by Jonathan Hill Acknowledgements Firstly, thanks goes to my supervisor, Andy Pratt, for introducing me to some elegant science, and for his enthusiasm in sharing with me some of his broad knowledge regarding metabolism and its origin. Also, thank you to Murray MUllio and Richard Hartshorn for their selfless help and advice at times when my supervisor was unavailable. Thank you to the technical staff, without whose help this thesis would not have been possible. In particular, I would like to thank Rewi and Bruce for carrying out NMR and MS analyses, respectively, and Wayne, Rob and Dave for their "service with a smile". A big thank you to my parents for supporting (both philosophically and financially) my choice to study at postgradute level. Everything I have achieved in this thesis is as a direct result of your support and encouragement, both past and present. And finally, a big thank you to my brother Geoff and friends Diana, Kylie, Marcus, Phil and Carley, for helping me to keep a balanced perspective and reminding me that there is more (much more) to life than Master's theses. Cheers guys. 6 DEC 2000 Abstract Both organic and inorganic sulfur play an important role in fundamental contemporary biochemistry, suggesting that life's common ancestor used sulfur in its metabolism. In support of this idea is the widely held belief that present-day sulfur metabolising thermophilic bacteria are the most primitive organisms within the biosphere. -
(Oxy)Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation Bryan R
www.acsami.org Research Article Effect of Selenium Content on Nickel Sulfoselenide-Derived Nickel (Oxy)hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation Bryan R. Wygant, Anna H. Poterek, James N. Burrow, and C. Buddie Mullins* Cite This: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 20366−20375 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: An efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) must be found in order to improve the viability of hydrogen fuel production via water electrolysis. Recent work has indicated that nickel chalcogenide materials show promise as electrocatalysts for this reaction and that their performance can be further enhanced with the generation of ternary, bimetallic chalcogenides (i.e., Ni1−aMaX2); however, relatively few studies have investigated ternary chalcogenides created through the addition of a second chalcogen (i.e., NiX2−aYa). To address this, we fi studied a series of Se-modi ed Ni3S2 composites for use as OER electrocatalysts in alkaline solution. We found that the addition of Se results in the creation of Ni3S2/NiSe composites composed of cross-doped metal chalcogenides and show that the addition of 10% Se reduces the overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2 by 40 mV versus a pure nickel sulfide material. Chemical analysis of the composites’ surfaces shows a reduction in the amount of nickel oxide species with Se incorporation, which is supported by transmission electron microscopy; this reduction is correlated with a decrease in the OER overpotentials measured for these samples. Together, our results suggest that the incorporation of Se into Ni3S2 creates a more conductive material with a less-oxidized surface that is more electrocatalytically active and resistant to further oxidation. -
The Formation of the Mixed Morphology of Nickel Sulfide Nanoparticles Derived from Substituted Benzimidazole Dithiocarbamate Nickel (Ii) Complexes
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 14, No. 9, September 2017, p. 407 - 417 THE FORMATION OF THE MIXED MORPHOLOGY OF NICKEL SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES DERIVED FROM SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE DITHIOCARBAMATE NICKEL (II) COMPLEXES C. S. THANGWANE, T. XABA*, M. J. MOLOTO Department of chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X 021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa, The synthesis of nickel sulfide nanoparticles through variation of reaction conditions such concentration and temperature is reported. Benzimidazole dithiocarbamate nickel(II) and 2-methylbenzimidazole dithiocarbamates nickel(II) complexes were prepared and thermolysed in hexadecylamine (HDA) at the temperature of 140, 160 and 180 °C through the single source precursor method. The effect of concentration of the precursor (0.30, 0.35, and 0.40 g) to produce HDA capped Ni3S4 nanoparticles was also investigated. TEM images of the Ni3S4 nanoparticles revealed anisotropic particles when the precursor concentration and temperature was varied. 2-methylbenzimidazole dithiocarbamate nickel(II) complex produced the mixture of spheres, cubes, triangles and rods nickel sulphide nanoparticles at different concentrations. XRD patterns displayed the cubic crystalline structures of Ni3S4 at all temperatures. (Received July 9, 2017; Accepted September 29, 2017) Keywords: Dithiocarbamate complexes (DTC), hexadecylamine (HDA), tri- octylphosphine (TOP), nickel sulfide, nanoparticles 1. Introduction Nickel sulfide nanoparticles are important family members of the transition metal sulphides nanomaterials. -
Nickel Sulfide Nanostructures Prepared by Laser Irradiation for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Supercapacitors
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2035b96c Authors Hung, TF Yin, ZW Betzler, SB et al. Publication Date 2019-07-01 DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Accepted Manuscript Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electro- catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors Tai-Feng Hung, Zu-Wei Yin, Sophia B. Betzler, Wenjing Zheng, Jiwoong Yang, Haimei Zheng PII: S1385-8947(19)30375-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 Reference: CEJ 21049 To appear in: Chemical Engineering Journal Received Date: 30 October 2018 Revised Date: 14 February 2019 Accepted Date: 19 February 2019 Please cite this article as: T-F. Hung, Z-W. Yin, S.B. Betzler, W. Zheng, J. Yang, H. Zheng, Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors, Chemical Engineering Journal (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. -
Synthesis of Metal Selenide Semiconductor Nanocrystals Using Selenium Dioxide As Precursor
SYNTHESIS OF METAL SELENIDE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS USING SELENIUM DIOXIDE AS PRECURSOR By XIAN CHEN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2007 1 © 2007 Xian Chen 2 To my parents 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Above all, I would like to thank my parents for what they have done for me through these years. I would not have been able to get to where I am today without their love and support. I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Charles Cao, for his advice on my research and life and for the valuable help during my difficult times. I also would like to thank Dr. Yongan Yang for his kindness and helpful discussion. I learned experiment techniques, knowledge, how to do research and so on from him. I also appreciate the help and friendship that the whole Cao group gave me. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Ben Smith for his guidance and help. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS ............................................................................11 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................11 -
Nickel in Drinking-Water (2005)
WHO/SDE/WSH/05.08/55 English only Nickel in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality © World Health Organization 2005 The illustration on the cover page is extracted from Rescue Mission: Planet Earth,© Peace Child International 1994; used by permission. This document may be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated in part or in whole but not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. Inquiries should be addressed to: [email protected]. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Preface One of the primary goals of WHO and its member states is that “all people, whatever their stage of development and their social and economic conditions, have the right to have access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water.” A major WHO function to achieve such goals is the responsibility “to propose .. -
United States Patent Office Patented May 7, 1963
3,088,959 United States Patent Office Patented May 7, 1963 1. 2 or grouping of carbon atoms which is present in cyclo 3,088,959 pentadiene. This grouping is illustrated as PROCESS OF MAKENG CYCLOPENTADEENY NECKEL, NTROSYL COMPOUNDS Robert D. Feltham, Joseph F. Anzenberger, azad Jonatian T. Carrie, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to The Interaa tional Nickel Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corpo ration of Delaware No Drawing. FiRed Sept. 1, 1960, Ser. No. 53,374 The substituent groups on the cyclopentadiene moiety 6 Clains. (C. 260-439) 0. indicated as R, R2, R3, R and R5 are any one or more The present invention relates to the production of of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms and/or organic groups nickel compounds and, more particularly, to the produc such as aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, alicyclic groups, tion of nickel nitrosyl compounds containing a group etc. The substituent groups can also bond at two posi having the cyclopentadienyl moiety. tions. Where this occurs, groups can substitute for adja Compounds such as cyclopentadienylnickel nitrosyl, 5 cent R groups, e.g., Ra and R3 and/or R4 and R5 to form methylcyclopentadienylnickel nitrosyl and other complex indene and other condensed ring structures. nitrosyl compounds containing a cyclopentadienyl-type As mentioned hereinbefore, when carrying out the proc group have been made. Such compounds have use as ess of the present invention, the reactants are reacted in gasoline additives. When such use is contemplated, it is the presence of a base. The base can advantageously be economically imperative that the compounds be produced 20 a nitrogen base or a phosphorus base or an alkoxide of a in good yield from the most readily available and inex metal having a strong hydroxide. -
Inorganic Arsenic Compounds Other Than Arsine Health and Safety Guide
OS INTERNATiONAL I'ROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY Health and Safety Guide No. 70 INORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN ARSINE HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE i - I 04 R. Q) UNEP UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT I'R( )GRAMME LABOUR ORGANISATION k\s' I V WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, GENEVA 1992 IPcs Other H EA LTH AND SAFETY GUIDES available: Aerytonitrile 41. Clii rdeon 2. Kekvau 42. Vatiadiuni 3 . I Bula not 43 Di meLhyI ftirmatnide 4 2-Buta101 44 1-Dryliniot 5. 2.4- Diehlorpheiioxv- 45 . Ac rylzi mule acetic Acid (2.4-D) 46. Barium 6. NIcihylene Chhride 47. Airaziiie 7 . ie,i-Buia nol 48. Benlm'.ie 8. Ep Ichioroli) Olin 49. Cap a 64 P. ls.ihutaiiol 50. Captaii I o. feiddin oeth N lene Si. Parai.tuat II. Tetradi ion 51 Diquat 12. Te nacelle 53. Alpha- and Betal-lexachloro- 13 Clils,i (lane cyclohexanes 14 1 kpia Idor 54. Liiidaiic IS. Propylene oxide 55. 1 .2-Diciilroetiiane Ethylene Oxide 5t. Hydrazine Eiulosiillaii 57. F-orivaldehydc IS. Die h lorvos 55. MLhyI Isobu I V I kcloiic IV. Pculaehloro1heiiol 59. fl-Flexaric 20. Diiiiethoaie 61), Endrin 2 1 . A iii in and Dick) 0in 6 I . I sh IIZiLI1 22. Cyperniellirin 62. Nicki. Nickel Caution I. and some 23. Quiiiloieiic Nickel Compounds 24. Alkthrins 03. Hexachlorocyclopeuladiene 25. Rsiiiethii ins 64. Aidicaib 26. Pyr rot ii,id inc Alkaloids 65. Fe nitrolhioit 27. Magnetic Fields hib. Triclilorlon 28. Phosphine 67. Acroleiii 29. Diiiiethyl Sull'ite 68. Polychlurinated hiphenyls (PCBs) and 30. Dc lianteth nil polyc h In ruiated letlilienyls (fs) 31. -
Nickel and Nickel Compounds Were Considered by Previous !AC Working Groups, in 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982 and 1987 (IARC, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1987)
NICKEL AND NieKEL eOMPOUNDS Nickel and nickel compounds were considered by previous !AC Working Groups, in 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982 and 1987 (IARC, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1987). Since that time, new data have become available, and these are inc1uded in the pres- ent monograph and have been taken into consideration in the evaluation. 1. ehemical and Physical Data The list of nickel alloys and compounds given in Table 1 is not exhaustive, nor does it necessarily reflect the commercial importance of the various nickel-con tain- ing substances, but it is indicative of the range of nickel alloys and compounds avail- able, including some compounds that are important commercially and those that have been tested in biological systems. A number of intermediary compounds occur in refineries which cannot be characterized and are not listed. 1.1 Synonyms, trade names and molecular formulae of nickel and selected nickel-containing compounds Table 1. Synonyms (Chemical Abstracts Service names are given in bold), trade names and atomic or molecular formulae or compositions of nickel, nickel alloys and selected nickel compounds Chemical Chem. Abstr. SYDoDyms and trade Dames Formula Dame Seiv. Reg. Oxda- Numbera tion stateb Metallc nickel and nickel alloys Nickel 7440-02-0 c.I. 77775; NI; Ni 233; Ni 270; Nickel 270; Ni o (8049-31-8; Nickel element; NP 2 17375-04-1; 39303-46-3; 53527-81-4; 112084-17-0) -- 257 - NICKEL AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS 259 Table i (contd) Chemical Chem. Abstr. Synonym and trade names Formula name Seiv. Reg. Ox- Number4 dation stateb -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,402,684 HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS and METHODS of PRE PARATION Frank Kerr Signalgo, Wilmington, Del, Assignor to E
Patented June 25, 1946 2,402,684 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,402,684 HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF PRE PARATION Frank Kerr signalgo, Wilmington, Del, assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wil mington, Del, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application February 16, 1940, Serial No. 319,242 15 Claims. (C. 252-228.4) 2 This invention relates to metal sulfide catalysts Solution is added slowly an aqueous solution of for use in hydrogenation reactions and to meth Sodium polysulfide. The precipitated ferrous ods of preparing Such catalystS. m metal polysulfide is then filtered from the liquid The literature on the use of metal sulfide cat medium and washed with water to remove solu alysts for the destructive hydrogenation of car ble salts. The precipitate is protected from oxi bonaceous materials is very extensive. Such dation by the atmosphere by means of a liquid metal sulfides are prepared by a variety of meth medium such as water or organic solvents. The ods such as precipitation, decomposition of thio paste is then dried in a non-oxidizing atmos Salts, and heating metals or metal compounds phere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc., with volatile sulfur-containing materials such as O and finally reduced in an atmosphere of hydro sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, carbon bisulfide, mer gen at a temperature of 50° to 200° C. Alter captans, etc. natively, the metal sulfide paste may be mixed The metal sulfide catalysts described in the with the material to be hydrogenated and the literature are active for the destructive hydro hydrogen treatment of the catalyst carried out genation of carbonaceous materials and desul 5 under hydrogen pressure at an elevated tem furization of petroleum and gases at high tem perature in a hydrogenation autoclave so as to gerature, as for example 300 to 600° C.