UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,402,684 HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS and METHODS of PRE PARATION Frank Kerr Signalgo, Wilmington, Del, Assignor to E

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,402,684 HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS and METHODS of PRE PARATION Frank Kerr Signalgo, Wilmington, Del, Assignor to E Patented June 25, 1946 2,402,684 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,402,684 HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF PRE PARATION Frank Kerr signalgo, Wilmington, Del, assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wil mington, Del, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application February 16, 1940, Serial No. 319,242 15 Claims. (C. 252-228.4) 2 This invention relates to metal sulfide catalysts Solution is added slowly an aqueous solution of for use in hydrogenation reactions and to meth Sodium polysulfide. The precipitated ferrous ods of preparing Such catalystS. m metal polysulfide is then filtered from the liquid The literature on the use of metal sulfide cat medium and washed with water to remove solu alysts for the destructive hydrogenation of car ble salts. The precipitate is protected from oxi bonaceous materials is very extensive. Such dation by the atmosphere by means of a liquid metal sulfides are prepared by a variety of meth medium such as water or organic solvents. The ods such as precipitation, decomposition of thio paste is then dried in a non-oxidizing atmos Salts, and heating metals or metal compounds phere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc., with volatile sulfur-containing materials such as O and finally reduced in an atmosphere of hydro sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, carbon bisulfide, mer gen at a temperature of 50° to 200° C. Alter captans, etc. natively, the metal sulfide paste may be mixed The metal sulfide catalysts described in the with the material to be hydrogenated and the literature are active for the destructive hydro hydrogen treatment of the catalyst carried out genation of carbonaceous materials and desul 5 under hydrogen pressure at an elevated tem furization of petroleum and gases at high tem perature in a hydrogenation autoclave so as to gerature, as for example 300 to 600° C. These activate the catalyst in situ. The details of drastic conditions of temperature are not suit carrying out this invention will vary according able for carrying out certain desirable hydrogen to the particular ferrous metal sulfide prepared reductions of organic compounds, since extensive 20 and depending upon the type of material to be Cracking and hydrogenolysis results and mixtures hydrogenated. The following selected examples of hydrocarbons are obtained. It is therefore indicate more precisely the manner of practicing essential to the successful hydrogen reduction of this invention. The proportions of materials many organic Sulfur compounds that the catalysts used are expressed as parts by weight unless employed be active at low temperatures so that 25 Otherwise Stated. simple addition of hydrogen or cleavage by hy Eacample I drogen will occur without accompanying dis ruptive side reactions. The catalyst must of A catalyst active for the hydrogenation of sul course be immune to sulfur poisoning if sulfur fur compounds is prepared as follows: Two hun or sulfur compounds are involved. 30 dred thirty-seven parts of cobalt chloride hexa This invention has as an object the prepara hydrate was dissolved in 500 parts of water. To tion of certain new and useful sulfactive cat this was added rapidly with stirring a solution alysts. Another (bject is the preparation of a of 240 parts of sodium sulfide nonahydrate and new class of hydrcgenation catalysts. A further 64 parts of Sulfur in 900 parts of water. A black object is to prepare hydrogenation catalysts by 35 precipitate was formed which was filter and an economical and simple process. A still fur Washed with water to remove soluble salts. The , ther object is the preparation of hydrogenation precipitate was then further washed with alcohol catalysts that are active under mild conditions to free it from water. The cobalt polysulfide of temperature. Allother object is to develop cer must be protected from oxygen or air due to its tain new processes for the production of such 40 pyrophoric nature. The paste was then placed catalysts. Other objects will be apparent from in a tube fitted in an electric furnace and heated the reading of the following description of the in a stream of hydrogen. The evolution of hy invention. drogen Sulfide commenced at a temperature of These objects are accomplished by the fol 60° C. At 100° C. the evolution of hydrogen sul lowing invention which comprises treating a met 45 fide was very vigorous. As the temperature was al polysulfide, obtainabie by precipitation from slowly raised to 200° C., the evolution of hydrogen a Solution of a salt of a metal of the iron group Sulfide gradually decreased, and after 1 hour at of the periodic table, with hydrogen at a tem this temperature reduction was sufficiently com perature between 25° and 300° C. The treatment plete. This reduced catalyst must be protected with hydrogen Inay be carried out as a separate 50 from air, Since it is pyrophoric. Operation or in conjunction with the use of the The catalyst So prepared is unusually active metal sulfide as a hydrogenation catalyst. for the hydrogenation of sulfur compounds, as In practicing this invention a salt of a metal will be seen from the following example. A mix of the iron group of the periodic table is dis ture of 98 parts of cyclohexanone and 32 parts solved in water with stirring, and to the stirred 55 of Sulfur was heated in an autoclave with 9 parts y 2,402,684 3 of the catalyst described above. The autoclave 4. was charged with hydrogen at 2,000 lbs./sq. in. lbs. per sq. in. The autoclave was then heated pressure and agitated and heated to 175° C. Un to a temperature of 150 C. for 3 hours, but dure der these conditions the pressure in the autoclave ing this period there was no apparent hydrogen dropped very rapidly, and it was necessary to absorption. The temperature was raised accord add hydrogen from time to time to maintain the ingly to 170° C. and the pressure decreased only pressure in the range from 1,000 to 2,000 lbs./sq. 400 lbs. in 3 hours. No further hydrogen absorp in. The total pressure drop in three hours tion was noted. The contents of the autoclave amounted to 2,100 lbs./sq. in, after which no were then filtered to separate the catalyst and further hydrogen absorption was noted. On 0 worked up as described above. Cyclohexanethiol cooling the autoclave and filtering the product was obtained in Only 3.6% yield, indicating that from the catalyst there was obtained cyclo little reaction had occurred. hexanethiol in 74% conversion. I believe this Eacample IV type of hydrogenation reaction proceeds as An active nickel sulfide catalyst was prepared follows: 5 catalyst as follows: Ninety parts of nickel sulfate hexa (1) S -- H --> HS hydrate was dissolved in 250 parts of water and to the stirred Solution there was added a solution (2) RC=O + HS - R2C=S -- HaO of 80 parts of sodium sulfide nonahydrate and catalyst 21 parts of Sulfur dissolved in 300 parts of water. (3) RCs-S -- - RaCHS 20 The black precipitate was filtered and washed Eacample II Several times with Water to remove the soluble It will be noted that in reducing the cobalt salts. Fifteen parts of the nickel sulfide so pre polysulfide with hydrogen, as described in the pared was charged into an autoclave with 100 preceding example, the evolution of hydrogen parts of pentadecanone-8, 33 parts of sulfur, and sulfide commenced at 60° C. and was very vigor 25 50 parts of acetic acid. Hydrogen was admitted ous at 100° C. It is evident, therefore, that the to the autoclave to a pressure of 2,300 lbs./sq. in. reduction with hydrogen can conveniently be and the autoclave heated to 150° C. while being carried out under the conditions used for hy agitated. After a few minutes hydrogen was drogenation reactions. This is shown by the absorbed rapidly at this temperature but after following experiment. A solution of 237 parts of 30 One-half hour reaction became slower. The ten cobalt chloride was precipitated with a solution perature was then raised to 200° C. and further of 240 parts of sodium sulfide Saturated with absorption of hydrogen occurred until after a sulfur. The precipitate was filtered and washed total time of 2.5 hours no further absorption of with water and finally with alcohol. Ten parts hydrogen was noted. On working up the reaction of this unreduced precipitated cobalt polysulfide 35 mixture pentadecanethiol-8 was obtained in 80% was charged into a hydrogenation autoclave yield. with 98 parts of cyclohexanone and 32 parts of Eacample V sulfur. Hydrogen was admitted to the autoclave to a pressure of 2,000 lbs./sq. in and the auto Ten parts of cobalt polysulfide catalyst pre clave was heated to 150. Hydrogen was ab 40 pared as in Example II and made into a thick sorbed slowly at first while the cobalt polysul paste with acetic acid was charged into an auto fide was being reduced to the active catalyst. clave, together with 90 parts of methyl butyl After a few minutes, however, a rapid absorption ketOne and 32 parts of sulfur. Hydrogen was of hydrogen took place and more hydrogen was forced into the autoclave to a pressure of 2,000 added to maintain the pressure above 1,000 45 lbs./sq. in. and the autoclave heated to 150 C. lbs./sq. in. After 4 hours no more hydrogen was At this temperature the absorption of hydrogen absorbed, and on working up the contents of the became very rapid and additional hydrogen was autoclave cyclohexanethiol was obtained in an added to maintain the pressure in the range of amount corresponding to a conversion of 80% of 1,200-2,000 lbs./sq.
Recommended publications
  • Sulfur and the Origins of Life
    Sulfur and the Origins of Life A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Biochemistry at the University of Canterbury by Jonathan Hill Acknowledgements Firstly, thanks goes to my supervisor, Andy Pratt, for introducing me to some elegant science, and for his enthusiasm in sharing with me some of his broad knowledge regarding metabolism and its origin. Also, thank you to Murray MUllio and Richard Hartshorn for their selfless help and advice at times when my supervisor was unavailable. Thank you to the technical staff, without whose help this thesis would not have been possible. In particular, I would like to thank Rewi and Bruce for carrying out NMR and MS analyses, respectively, and Wayne, Rob and Dave for their "service with a smile". A big thank you to my parents for supporting (both philosophically and financially) my choice to study at postgradute level. Everything I have achieved in this thesis is as a direct result of your support and encouragement, both past and present. And finally, a big thank you to my brother Geoff and friends Diana, Kylie, Marcus, Phil and Carley, for helping me to keep a balanced perspective and reminding me that there is more (much more) to life than Master's theses. Cheers guys. 6 DEC 2000 Abstract Both organic and inorganic sulfur play an important role in fundamental contemporary biochemistry, suggesting that life's common ancestor used sulfur in its metabolism. In support of this idea is the widely held belief that present-day sulfur­ metabolising thermophilic bacteria are the most primitive organisms within the biosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of the Mixed Morphology of Nickel Sulfide Nanoparticles Derived from Substituted Benzimidazole Dithiocarbamate Nickel (Ii) Complexes
    Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 14, No. 9, September 2017, p. 407 - 417 THE FORMATION OF THE MIXED MORPHOLOGY OF NICKEL SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES DERIVED FROM SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE DITHIOCARBAMATE NICKEL (II) COMPLEXES C. S. THANGWANE, T. XABA*, M. J. MOLOTO Department of chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X 021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa, The synthesis of nickel sulfide nanoparticles through variation of reaction conditions such concentration and temperature is reported. Benzimidazole dithiocarbamate nickel(II) and 2-methylbenzimidazole dithiocarbamates nickel(II) complexes were prepared and thermolysed in hexadecylamine (HDA) at the temperature of 140, 160 and 180 °C through the single source precursor method. The effect of concentration of the precursor (0.30, 0.35, and 0.40 g) to produce HDA capped Ni3S4 nanoparticles was also investigated. TEM images of the Ni3S4 nanoparticles revealed anisotropic particles when the precursor concentration and temperature was varied. 2-methylbenzimidazole dithiocarbamate nickel(II) complex produced the mixture of spheres, cubes, triangles and rods nickel sulphide nanoparticles at different concentrations. XRD patterns displayed the cubic crystalline structures of Ni3S4 at all temperatures. (Received July 9, 2017; Accepted September 29, 2017) Keywords: Dithiocarbamate complexes (DTC), hexadecylamine (HDA), tri- octylphosphine (TOP), nickel sulfide, nanoparticles 1. Introduction Nickel sulfide nanoparticles are important family members of the transition metal sulphides nanomaterials.
    [Show full text]
  • Nickel Sulfide Nanostructures Prepared by Laser Irradiation for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Supercapacitors
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2035b96c Authors Hung, TF Yin, ZW Betzler, SB et al. Publication Date 2019-07-01 DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Accepted Manuscript Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electro- catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors Tai-Feng Hung, Zu-Wei Yin, Sophia B. Betzler, Wenjing Zheng, Jiwoong Yang, Haimei Zheng PII: S1385-8947(19)30375-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 Reference: CEJ 21049 To appear in: Chemical Engineering Journal Received Date: 30 October 2018 Revised Date: 14 February 2019 Accepted Date: 19 February 2019 Please cite this article as: T-F. Hung, Z-W. Yin, S.B. Betzler, W. Zheng, J. Yang, H. Zheng, Nickel sulfide nanostructures prepared by laser irradiation for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors, Chemical Engineering Journal (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.136 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5206 Department of Labor and Industry Employee Right-To-Know Standards
    MINNESOTA RULES 1985 4485 EMPLOYEE RIGHT-TO-KNOW STANDARDS 5206.0100 CHAPTER 5206 DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY EMPLOYEE RIGHT-TO-KNOW STANDARDS 5206.0100 DEFINITIONS. 5206.0900 CRITERIA FOR TECHNICALLY 5206.0200 PURPOSE. QUALIFIED INDIVIDUALS. 5206.0300 SCOPE; EXCEPTIONS. LABELING 5206.0400 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. 5206.1000 LABELING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. 5206.0500 HARMFUL PHYSICAL AGENTS. 5206.0600 INFECTIOUS AGENTS: HOSPITALS 5206.1100 LABELING HARMFUL PHYSICAL AND CLINICS. AGENTS: LABEL CONTENT. 5206 0700 TRAINING 5206 1200 CERTIFICATION OF EXISTING 5206.0800 AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION. LABELING PROGRAM. 5206.0100 DEFINITIONS. Subpart 1. Scope. For purposes of this chapter the following terms have the meanings given them. Subp. 2. Commissioner. "Commissioner" means the commissioner of the Department of Labor and Industry. Subp. 3. Data sheet. "Data sheet" means a document, such as a material safety data sheet, operation standard, placard or display device, used by an employer to communicate to an employee the information required under Minnesota Statutes, section 182.653, subdivisions 4b, 4c, and 4e. Subp. 4. Department. "Department" means the Department of Labor and Industry. Subp. 5. Display device. "Display device" means a video screen or video display terminal that is part of electronic data processing equipment. Subp. 6. Harmful physical agent. "Harmful physical agent" means a physical agent determined by the commissioner as part of the standard for that agent to present a significant risk to worker health or safety or imminent danger of death or serious physical harm to an employee. "Harmful physical agent" does not include an agent being developed or utilized by a technically qualified individual in a research, medical research, medical diagnostic, or medical educational laboratory, or in a health care facility or in a clinic associated with the laboratory or health care facility, or in a pharmacy registered and licensed under Minnesota Statutes, chapter 151.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrodeposition of Nickel Sulfide and Its Thermal Oxidation
    ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NICKEL SULFIDE AND ITS THERMAL OXIDATION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS by MUNTEHA PAC Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2011 Copyright © by Munteha Pac 2011 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe my deepest gratitude to Dr. Meng Tao. It has been almost 1.5 years since I started working under his supervision, and I clearly see that meeting with Dr. Tao was one of the most important milestones of my life. I am very thankful to him for his guidance, introducing me to the big picture of energy, tolerating my excitement, and patiently teaching me. I am also grateful to the invaluable members of my M.Sc. committee, Dr. Michael Jin, and Dr. Liu Fuqiang, who kindly agreed to be in my committee. I wish I had been wise enough to benefit a little bit more from their vision. I would not be here, writing these sentences but for my beloved husband. I cannot thank him enough for his support from even before the beginning till the very end of my graduate study in all the ways I can think of. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my family. My parents deserve infinite thanks not only for their love and support but also for having me brought up with consciousness and moral values. I am also indebted to my grandmother, and my parents-in-law for their immeasurable love, support and prays for me.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • MAGMATIC SULFIDE DEPOSITS (MODELS 1, 2B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7A; Page, 1986A-G)
    MAGMATIC SULFIDE DEPOSITS (MODELS 1, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and 7a; Page, 1986a-g) by Michael P. Foose, Michael L. Zientek, and Douglas P. Klein SUMMARY OF RELEVANT GEOLOGIC, GEOENVIRONMENTAL, AND GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION Deposit geology Magmatic sulfide deposits are sulfide mineral concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks derived from immiscible sulfide liquids. A number of schemes exist for subdividing these deposits. Most are based on the tectonic setting and petrologic characteristics of the mafic and ultramafic rocks (Page and others, 1982; Naldrett, 1989), or on the spatial association of mineralized rock with enclosing ultramafic and mafic host rocks (stratabound, discordant, marginal, and other; Hulbert and others, 1988). Page (1986a-g) presented discussions of several different subtypes based, in part, on both these approaches (Models 1, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, and 7a). However, these deposits are similar enough that they can be treated as a group with regard to their geoenvironmental manifestations. The similarity of these deposits result, in part, from similar genesis. Exsolution of immiscible sulfide liquids from mafic-to-ultramafic magmas is the fundamental process that forms magmatic sulfide deposits. Once formed, droplets of immiscible sulfide liquid settle through less dense silicate magma. The sulfide liquid acts as a "collector" for cobalt, copper, nickel, and platinum-group elements (PGE) because these elements are preferentially concentrated in sulfide liquids at levels 10 to 100,000 times those in silicate liquids. To a lesser degree, iron is also preferentially partitioned into the sulfide liquid and, because of its greater abundance, most immiscible sulfide liquid is iron-rich. The combination of physically concentrating dense sulfide liquid and chemically concentrating elements in the sulfide liquid is responsible for forming most economically minable, magmatic-sulfide deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • A NBO5H Testimony to DOL
    a NBO5H Testimony to DOL TESTIMONY OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ON THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION'S PROPOSED RULE ON AIR CONTAMINANTS 29 CFR Part 1910 Dockot No. H-020 Prosontad at tho OSHA Inform1 Public Wring Augurrt 1, 1988 Wuhington, D.C. J. Donald Millar, M.D. Assistant Surgaon GonoraI D i rrctor National Institute for Ocwp-tional Safety and Health NlOSH staff presenting for Or. Miltar: Richard A. Lemen Division of Standards Oevelopment and Di rector Technology Transfer (OSDTT) Richard W. Niemeier Off ice of the Di rector, DSOTT Deputy Di rector Laurence 0. Reed Office of the Director, DmTT Acting Associate Director for Pol icy Oevelopnent Theodore J. Meinhardt Office of the Director, DSDTT Assistant to the Oirector John J. Whalen Office of the Di rector , DSOTT Assistant Director Ralph 0. Zunmalde Document Development Branch, DSDTT Assistant Chief Robert W. Mason Oivision of Biomedical and Behavioral 8 i o 1 og i s t Sc i emce Lawrence F i ne Oivision of Survei 1 lance, Hazard Oi rector Evaluet ions and Field Studies (DSHEFS) a Dawn G. Tharr Indu8trial Hygiene Section, Hazard Chief Eva I uat i ons and Techn i ca I Ass i s t ance Branch, OSHEFS Paul E. CapIan Engineering Control Technology Branch, Research Industrial Hygienist Division of Physical Sciences and\ Eng i neer i ng (DeSE 1 Donald 0. Doliberg Meaaurments Development Section, Research Chmi st Measurements Research Support Branch, OPSE Nancy J. BoIIinger Chief, Certification Branch. Division of Chief Safety Research Thomas Hodous Medical Section, Clinical Investigations Medical Officer Branch, Oivision of Respiratory Oisease Studies ii I am Richard A.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation of Silver Sulfide-Coated Nickel
    Sensors and Materials, Vol.12, No. 8 (2000) 491-507 MYUTokyo S &M0 424 Preparation of Silver Sulfide-CoatedNickel Sulfide Monodispersed Fine Particles for Use in Solid-State Nickel Ion Selective Electrodes Keiko Jyonosono, Koichiro Abe and Toshihiko Imato Departmentof Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University 6-10-1, Hakozaki,Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (Received September 14, 2000; accepted December 5, 2000) Key words: monodispersed particles, ion-selective electrode, homogeneous precipitation method, silver sulfide, nickel sulfide, coating A nickel ion-selective electrode (Ni(Il)-ISE) was fabricated using monodispersed fine silver sulfide (Ag2S)-coated .nickel sulfide (NiS) particles 5 µm in diameter. The NiS particles were prepared by a method which involved the homogeneous precipitation from a mixed solution of thioacetarnidewith and without urea and nickel nitrate at70 °C or 90 °C over a 3 h period. The surface coating with the NiS particles with an Ag2S layer was carried out by an ion-exchange method, in which the NiS particles were dispersed into ethanol ° containing silver nitrate at 0 C for 0.5 h or 2.5 h. The amourit of Ag2S coating the surface of the NiS particles increased with an increase in the time used for the coating reaction. The Ag2S content in the Ag2S-coated NiS particles obtained at 2.5 h of the coating reaction was7. 4 wt%, and the thickness of the Ag2S layer was estimated to be 50 nm. The resulting Ag2S-coated NiS particles were pressed into a pellet, and the pellet was then sintered at ° 500 C under an atmosphere of N2 for 3 h.
    [Show full text]
  • Li Na K Be Mg Ca B Al Ni Au Ag
    LAST NAME____________________ FIRST NAME____________________________ DATE ___________ 6.1 NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS = Use the notes to write the correct names of the IONIC COMPOUNDS created by the Cations and Anions. SIMPLE EXAMPLES Anions Cations ↓ F Cl Br I Li Lithium Fluoride Lithium Chloride Lithium Bromide Lithium Iodide Na Sodium Fluoride Sodium Chloride Sodium Bromide Sodium Iodide K Potassium Fluoride Potassium Chloride Potassium Bromide Potassium Iodide Be Beryllium Fluoride Beryllium Chloride Beryllium Bromide Beryllium Iodide Mg Magnesium Fluoride Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Bromide Magnesium Iodide Ca Calcium Fluoride Calcium Chloride Calcium Bromide Calcium Iodide B Boron Fluoride Boron Chloride Boron Bromide Boron Iodide Al Aluminum Fluoride Aluminum Chloride Aluminum Bromide Aluminum Iodide Ni Nickel Fluoride Nickel Chloride Nickel Bromide Nickel Iodide Au Gold Fluoride Gold Chloride Gold Bromide Gold Iodide Ag Silver Fluoride Silver Chloride Silver Bromide Silver Iodide And some more Anions Cations ↓ O S N Li Lithium Oxide Lithium Sulfide Lithium Nitride Na Sodium Oxide Sodium Sulfide Sodium Nitride K Potassium Oxide Potassium Sulfide Potassium Nitride Be Beryllium Oxide Beryllium Sulfide Beryllium Nitride Mg Magnesium Oxide Magnesium Sulfide Magnesium Nitride Ca Calcium Oxide Calcium Sulfide Calcium Nitride B Boron Oxide Boron Sulfide Boron Nitride Al Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Sulfide Aluminum Nitride Ni Nickel Oxide Nickel Sulfide Nickel Nitride Au Gold Oxide Gold Sulfide Gold Nitride Ag Silver Oxide Silver Sulfide Silver
    [Show full text]
  • CPY Document
    NICKEL AND NieKEL eOMPOUNDS Nickel and nickel compounds were considered by previous !AC Working Groups, in 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982 and 1987 (IARC, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1987). Since that time, new data have become available, and these are inc1uded in the pres- ent monograph and have been taken into consideration in the evaluation. 1. ehemical and Physical Data The list of nickel alloys and compounds given in Table 1 is not exhaustive, nor does it necessarily reflect the commercial importance of the various nickel-con tain- ing substances, but it is indicative of the range of nickel alloys and compounds avail- able, including some compounds that are important commercially and those that have been tested in biological systems. A number of intermediary compounds occur in refineries which cannot be characterized and are not listed. 1.1 Synonyms, trade names and molecular formulae of nickel and selected nickel-containing compounds Table 1. Synonyms (Chemical Abstracts Service names are given in bold), trade names and atomic or molecular formulae or compositions of nickel, nickel alloys and selected nickel compounds Chemical Chem. Abstr. SYDoDyms and trade Dames Formula Dame Seiv. Reg. Oxda- Numbera tion stateb Metallc nickel and nickel alloys Nickel 7440-02-0 c.I. 77775; NI; Ni 233; Ni 270; Nickel 270; Ni o (8049-31-8; Nickel element; NP 2 17375-04-1; 39303-46-3; 53527-81-4; 112084-17-0) -- 257 - NICKEL AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS 259 Table i (contd) Chemical Chem. Abstr. Synonym and trade names Formula name Seiv. Reg. Ox- Number4 dation stateb
    [Show full text]
  • Magmatic Sulfide-Rich Nickel-Copper Deposits Related to Picrite and (Or) Tholeiitic Basalt Dike-Sill Complexes: a Preliminary Deposit Model
    Magmatic Sulfide-Rich Nickel-Copper Deposits Related to Picrite and (or) Tholeiitic Basalt Dike-Sill Complexes: A Preliminary Deposit Model By Klaus J. Schulz, Val W. Chandler, Suzanne W. Nicholson, Nadine Piatak, Robert R. Seal, II, Laurel G. Woodruff, and Michael L. Zientek Open-File Report 2010–1179 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Schulz, K.J., Chandler, V.W., Nicholson, S.W., Piatak, Nadine, Seall, II, R.R., Woodruff, L.G., and Zientek, M.L., 2010, Mamatic sulfide-rich nickel-copper deposits related to picrite and (or) tholeiitic basalt dike-sill complexes—A preliminary deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1179, 25 p. (available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1179/). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Deposit Type and Related Deposits .............................................................................................................................. 3 Regional Environment ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]