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Tomo II: Estado De Los Ecosistemas Y De Los Servicios Ecosistémicos

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Tomo II: Estado De Los Ecosistemas Y De Los Servicios Ecosistémicos Informe del estado del Medio Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables 2012, 2013 y 2014. (Versión preliminar) Tomo II: Estado de los Ecosistemas y de los servicios ecosistémicos. Autores: Institutos de Investigación SINA Bogotá. Septiembre 11 de 2015. Tabla de Contenido Tomo II 2 Estado de los Ecosistemas y de la Biodiversidad en Colombia 2012 - 2014. ............................. 9 2.1 Mapa de Ecosistemas continentales, costeros y marinos de Colombia. ......................... 10 2.1.1 Aspectos metodológicos ....................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Resultados ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Estado de la Vigilancia y desarrollo de información: Bosques en Colombia. ................... 20 2.2.1 Identificación de Alertas Tempranas por Deforestación, AT-D ............................... 20 2.2.2 Resultados de la deforestación a nivel nacional escala fina.................................... 33 2.2.3 Inventario Forestal Nacional.................................................................................. 39 2.3 Proyecto Degradación de suelos por erosión en Colombia. Escala 1:100.000. ............... 44 2.3.1 Zonificación de la degradación de los suelos por erosión en Colombia - 2015 ........ 45 2.3.2 Estado de la degradación de suelos por erosión en Colombia ................................ 47 2.3.3 Focos de degradación de suelos por erosión ......................................................... 49 2.3.4 Alertas y acciones para prevenir la degradación de suelos por erosión .................. 50 2.4 Estado de los ecosistemas y de la biodiversidad de la Amazonía colombiana, dinámicas poblacionales y planes de manejo. ........................................................................................... 52 2.4.1 Uso y conservación de la flora en la Amazonía colombiana. .................................. 52 2.4.2 Uso y conservación de la fauna silvestre en la amazonia ....................................... 63 2.4.3 Ornitológía en la Amazonia colombiana. Estado actual de la investigación. ........... 67 2.4.4 Modos reproductivos y larvas de anuros. .............................................................. 70 2.4.5 Serpientes: su riqueza en la Amazonía .................................................................. 73 2.4.6 Fauna de uso en la Amazonia oriental ................................................................... 77 2.4.7 Generación de códigos de barra en la flora de la amazonia colombiana ................ 81 2.4.8 Microorganismos en suelos de la amazonia colombiana – departamento de vaupés. Estado del inventario............................................................................................................ 83 2.4.9 Uso y conservacion de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares de la amazonia colombiana. ......................................................................................................... 96 2.4.10 Uso y conservación de la biodiversidad en la Amazonía. ...................................... 104 2.4.11 Dinámicas socio ambientales en los ecosistemas amazónicos.............................. 118 2.4.12 Planes de Manejo para la Conservación de especies Amenazadas ....................... 123 2.5 Impactos de las actividades antrópicas sobre los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad en el chocó biogeográfico: mineria en rio quito. ............................................................................. 130 2.5.1 Área de estudio ................................................................................................... 131 2.5.2 Linea base de informacion fisicoquimica, ambiental y sociocultural .................... 137 2.5.3 Caracterizacion socioeconomica y cultural. Zona Rio Quito. ................................ 227 2.5.4 Estrategias de conservación ................................................................................ 233 2.5.5 Anexo: Estrategias de manejo para la conservación de la cuenca de río quito ..... 244 2.6 Valoración integral de los ecosistemas cenagosos del municipio del medio atrato –chocó- caso ciénaga grande de beté. ................................................................................................. 254 2.6.1 Aspectos fisicos y bióticos ................................................................................... 258 2.6.2 Aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales ............................................................... 288 2.6.3 Valoración integral de la ciénaga grande de beté: ............................................... 297 2.6.4 Interpretacion descriptiva de la información: ...................................................... 301 2.6.5 Conclusiones y recomendaciones: ....................................................................... 307 2.6.6 Bibliografía (bete) ............................................................................................... 310 2.7 Estado de los ecosistemas y hábitats marinos y costeros de colombia (estado del ambiente y los ecosistemas marinos y costeros)..................................................................... 313 2.7.1 Ambiente abiótico............................................................................................... 314 2.7.2 Calidad de las aguas marinas y costeras. el índice de calidad de aguas marinas y costeras (icampff)............................................................................................................... 322 2.8 Estado de la calidad de las aguas marino-costeras del caribe y pacífico colombianos .. 331 2.9 Estados de los Ecosistemas marinos y costeros. .......................................................... 335 2.9.1 Arrecifes coralinos .............................................................................................. 336 2.9.2 Manglar .............................................................................................................. 349 2.9.3 avances en la gestión y planificación de la zona costera ...................................... 361 2.10 Manejo integrado de zonas costeras ........................................................................... 362 2.11 Protección de ecosistemas marinos y costeros: restauración de ecosistemas.................. 3 2.11.1 Acciones nacionales y sectoriales de adaptación al cambio climático. ..................... 6 2.11.2 Bibliografía sobre el estado de los ecosistemas, marinos y costeros Colombia......... 9 Tabla de Figuras y Tablas Figura 2-1: Mapa de ecosistemas continentales, marinos y costeros de Colombia escala 1:100.000 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Figura 2-2: Grado de transformación de los biomas preliminares para el área continental de Colombia ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Figura 1. Cuarto Boletín de Alertas Tempranas de Deforestación para Colombia, segundo semestre de 2014........................................................................................................................................ 23 Figura 2. Núcleos 1 y 2 de núcleos activos de deforestación 2014-II ............................................. 25 Figura 3. Núcleos 3 y 4 de núcleos activos de deforestación 2014-II ............................................. 25 Figura 4. Núcleos 7 y 8 de núcleos activos de deforestación 2014-II ............................................. 26 Figura 5. Distribución por departamentos de Alertas Tempranas de Deforestación. Porcentaje del total nacional. Segundo semestre del 2014. ................................................................................. 27 Figura 6. Autoridades Ambientales Regionales con mayor porcentaje de alertas de deforestación. Segundo semestre 2014. .............................................................................................................. 28 Figura 2-3: Mapa de zonificación de la degradación de suelos por erosión, E 1:100.000 ............... 46 Figura 2-4: Número de nuevos registros y especies de plantas en el Herbario Amazónico Colombiano COAH. ...................................................................................................................... 53 Figura 2-5: Familias con mayor número de plantas alimenticias no convencionales (PANCs) ........ 54 Figura 2-6: Porcentaje de plantas alimenticias no convencionales por hábito de crecimiento. ...... 55 Figura 2-7: Número de especies por categoría de amenaza en la región amazónica. .................... 57 Figura 2-8: Familias con mayor número de especies bajo declaratoria de amenaza en la transición andino-amazónica........................................................................................................................ 57 Figura 2-9: Número de colecciones de especies amenazadas por departamento en la región amazónica.................................................................................................................................... 58 Figura 2-10: Familias con mayor número de especies endémicas en la Amazonía colombiana ...... 59 Figura 2-11: Localización Red de Parcelas Permanentes del Instituto Sinchi a 2013 ...................... 61 Figura 2-12: Número de individuos y número de especies por parcela permanente de 1 ha. ........ 62 Figura 2-13: Número de especies de aves de cada una de las siete familias más diversas
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