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1 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 1 AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE PANAMÁ Dr. Gustavo García de Paredes Rector Dr. Justo Medrano Vicerrector Académico Dr. Juan Antonio Gómez Herrera Vicerrector de Investigación y Postgrado Dr. Nicolás Jerome Vicerrector Administrativo Ing. Eldis Barnes Vicerrector de Asuntos Estudiantiles Dra. María del Carmen Terrientes de Benavides Vicerrectora de Extensión Dr. Miguel Ángel Candanedo Secretario General Mgter. Luis Posso Director General de los Centros Regionales Universitarios 2 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 Revista de Investigación de la Universidad de Panamá Vol. 26, N° 1 Publicación de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 3 SCIENTIA Revista editada por la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado de la Universidad de Panamá, cuyo fin es contribuir al avance del conocimiento de las Ciencias Naturales. Se publica en la modalidad de un volumen anual, que se divide en dos números o fascículos y ocasionalmente números especiales. EDITOR: Dr. ALFREDO FIGUEROA NAVARRO Diagramación: Editorial Universitaria Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro - Universidad de Panamá. Impreso en Panamá / 300 ejemplares. Los artículos aparecidos en Scientia se encuentran indizados en LATINDEX. CONSEJO EDITORIAL Dr. ENRIQUE MEDIANERO S. Dr. JUAN BERNAL Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí Universidad de Panamá Panamá CP 0824 Panamá Dr. HERMÓGENES FERNÁNDEZ MARÍN Dr. FRANCISCO MORA Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Servicios de Alta Tecnología - INDICASAT Universidad de Panamá Panamá Panamá Dra. CLAUDIA RENGIFO Magíster LUIS D´CROZ Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Centro de Limnología y Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Panamá Universidad de Panamá Panamá Panamá Dr. YVES BASSET Dr. JUAN ANTONIO GÓMEZ H. Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Centro de Limnología y Ciencias del Mar Tropicales Universidad de Panamá Panamá Panamá Dr. IVÁN ARMUELLES Dr. TOMÁS DIEZ Facultad de Informática, Electrónica y Facultad de Medicina Comunicación Universidad de Panamá Universidad de Panamá Panamá Panamá Dr. BRUNO ZACHRISSON Magistra CLEOPATRA de ALLEN Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias de Panamá- Facultad de Enfermería IDIAP Universidad de Panamá Panamá Panamá Dra. ANAYANSI VALDERRAMA C. Dr. DIONISIO OLMEDO Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud Facultad de Farmacia Panamá Universidad de Panamá Panamá Dr. HÉCTOR BARRIOS V. Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología Dr. MODALDO TUÑÓN Universidad de Panamá Universidad Latina Panamá Panamá 4 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 NOTA INTRODUCTORIA En junio de 1986, por gestión del entonces vicerrector de investigación y postgrado, el Dr. Abdiel Adames (q.e.p.d), surge la revista Scientia, con el fin de llenar el vacío científico que presentaba la falta de un vehículo de divulga- ción de los resultados de investigaciones científicas realizadas por profesores, investigadores, y estudiantes de la Universidad de Panamá. Luego de 30 años, se han publicado 26 volúmenes (49 números), 321 artículos en los campos de las humanidades, ciencias naturales, exactas, tecnología y biomédicas. En sus inicios la revista Scientia sirvió como medio de difusión de artículos en los campos como Sociología, Arqueología, Psicología y otras ramas de las Cien- cias Sociales hasta el año 1999 cuando se crea la revista Societas, enfocada particularmente a estas áreas de conocimiento. A partir del año 1999, Scientia se enfoca en publicar resultados de las Ciencias Naturales, Exactas, Tecnolo- gía, con algunas aportaciones en el campo de la didáctica científica. Desde 2011 los volúmenes de la revista incluyen un número plural de artículos en el campo de la Entomología. A pesar de que, en sus inicios, la revista fue concebida como un vehículo para que los investigadores nacionales publicaran los resultados de sus investigacio- nes, no es raro encontrar en los diferentes números de la revista resultados de investigaciones realizadas en países de la región latinoamericana. En los volú- menes de la revista han dejado importantes aportaciones destacados científi- cos nacionales y extranjeros. Durante estos 30 años, la revista Scientia ha sido financiada en su totalidad con fondos de la Universidad de Panamá y la misma ha sufrido importantes Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 5 transformaciones en su edición que han incluido mejoras en la calidad de su presentación. A partir de 2004 está incluída en el catálogo y directorio del Latindex. Nos es grato celebrar con esta entrega 30 años de publicaciones. Este ejem- plar incluye aportes en el campo de la Entomología, Química, Microbiología y, como ya es habitual, los manuscritos han pasado por un sistema de arbitraje y revisión de forma y estilo. 6 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 ENTOMOLOGÍA Scientia (Panamá), 2016, Vol. 26, N° 1, 7-24 1 CAMBIOS EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) EN LA ISLA BARRO COLORADO, PANAMÁ HÉCTOR BARRIOS1 Y MAURICO LAGOS2 1 Universidad de Panamá, Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología. [email protected] Corresponding autor 2 Universidad de Panamá, Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología: [email protected] RESUMEN Diversos estudios realizados sobre la riqueza de Cerambycidae pro- veen evidencia de la heterogeneidad de especies recolectadas con diferentes técnicas de colectas en diferentes lugares en América Central y del Sur. La presente investigación se realizó en la Isla Barro Colorado, Panamá, durante los años 2000, 2005 y 2010 utili- zando 10 trampas Malaise. Parte de los datos de la vegetación de los censos 2000, 2005 y 2010 referentes a los bordes Sur y Este de la parcela de 50 ha fueron utilizados. En los tres años, selecciona- dos para este proyecto, se han recolectado 565 especímenes perte- necientes a 110 especies distribuidos en cinco subfamilias: Lamiinae, Cerambycinae, Disteniinae, Prioninae y Lepturinae. En los años 2000, 2005 y 2010 se recolectaron 347, 137 y 81 especies respectivamen- te. Solo 5 especies han estado representadas por 20 o más especímenes. El resto de las especies muestra una recolecta de tan solo algunos especímenes. Las especies con mayor abundancia fue- ron Cobelura stockwelli, Anelaphus subseriatus y Ceragenia insulana. El presente trabajo muestra que la abundancia y diversi- Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 7 dad de especies de la familia Cerambycidae recolectadas en BCI son influenciadas por la diversidad de la vegetación circundante y los fenómenos no cíclicos conoci- dos como El niño y La niña. PALABRAS CLAVES Factores abióticos, cambio climático, riqueza de especies, bosque tropical. INTRODUCCIÓN Los cerambícidos comprenden una de las más diversas familias dentro del Orden Coleoptera, constituída por más de 20,000 especies descritas a nivel mundial (Turnbow y Thomas, 2002). Para el Nuevo Mundo los Cerambycidae están distribuídos en nueve subfamilias: Anoplodermatinae, Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylidinae, Disteniinae, Lepturinae, Aseminae, Cerambycinae y Lamiinae (Swift et al., 2010). Las longitudes del cuerpo oscilan entre ± 2.5 mm como en Cyrtinus LeConte y 170 mm como Titanus giganteus Linnaeus, 1771; su distribución es alrededor del mun- do encontrándose desde el nivel del mar hasta los 4,200 metros de elevación; en América se estiman 9,000 especies y subespecies descritas (Bezark y Monné, 2013). En algunos países de Centroamérica, la riqueza de especies de la familia Cerambycidae es variada según Swift et al., (2010); para Guatemala se han repor- tado 769 especies, en Honduras 626, Nicaragua 440, Costa Rica 1071 y en Panamá aún no se cuenta con un documento al respecto, siendo este trabajo un paso impor- tante sobre esta familia. Los adultos de algunas especies presentan comportamiento diurno o nocturno, en- contrándose sobre troncos, ramas o follaje de plantas hospederas o cerca de ellas, aunque muchas son atraídas por flores de árboles y arbustos, desempeñándose como polinizadores aunque la capacidad de vuelo en adultos de muchas especies se registra, pero en algunas especies está ausente (Monné y Monné, 2010). Los hábitos alimenticios de los adultos son variados, pudiéndose alimentar de savia, follaje, flores, frutas, madera y hongos; por lo general, estos hábitos alimenticios de los insectos adultos no se asocian con los estados larvales ya que estos se desarro- llan en madera muerta o en proceso de descomposición; algunas utilizan tejidos de plantas vivas y pocas se desplazan libremente sobre el suelo alimentándose exter- namente de materia orgánica; por lo general, la mayoría de las especies completa 8 Scientia, Vol. 26, N° 1 su metamorfosis dentro del hospedero (Allison et al., 2004). Entre los métodos de recolecta activa para adultos figuran golpeteo de ramas y follaje o sombrera, tram- pas de luz, atrayentes alimenticios, recolecta directa, nebulización o fogging; y métodos pasivos como Malaise, intercepción de vuelo y pitfalls (Noguera et al., 2002, 2007, 2012; Paro et al., 2012). En plantas leñosas los cerambícidos son barrenadores primarios, importantes en el reciclaje de madera; el ciclo de vida de algunas especies en regiones templadas oscila entre uno a tres años y en regiones tropicales muchas especies presentan estacionalidad marcada; siendo el período de vida de los adultos de pocos días o meses (Bezark y Monné, 2013). Estudios reali- zados en regiones del Neotrópico como son la Isla Barro Colorado, Panamá y Goiás, Brasil, proveen evidencia que la abundancia y riqueza de especies en los insectos se afecta por la alternancia de
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