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Bauhinia Variegata Linn.) Review Article Multidimensional Uses of Medicinal Plant Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata Linn.) Kanchan Lata Singh, D. K. Singh and Vinay Kumar Singh* Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009 UP, India ABSTRACT Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Kachnar) (Fabaceae- Leguminosae) is popular ornamental plants, commonly known as Cow’s paw. Bauhinia variegata is a widely used as medicinal plant distributed in the tropical regions. According to WHO third world countries depends mainly native medicinal plants for their health purpose. various part i.e. flowers, buds, stem, roots, bark, seeds, leaves have been used since ancient times for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. It is used traditionally in dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, piles, edema, laxative, anti-helmintic, astringent, anti-leprotic, wound healing, anti-goitrogenic, anti-tumor, antidote for snake poisoning, dyspepsia and carminative disease. It have numerous chemical values and is rich phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannin, kaempferol, terpenoids, saponins, reducing sugars steroids, cardiac glycosides and quercetin. Studies on the medicinal and biological importance of B. Address for variegata have been reported. In modern studies and scientific Correspondence knowledge on the biological/ medicinal properties is demonstrate that B. variegata used as a anti-bacterial, anti-helmintic, anti-arthritic, Malacology anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hepato- Laboratory, Department of protective, anti-oxidant, trypsin inhibitor and anti-carcinogenic Zoology, DDU activity. B. variegata can be used as molluscicidal agent against Gorakhpur University, harmful vectors/pests. The present review highlights the current Gorakhpur-273 009 status of researches on the advancement of pharmacological/ UP, India biological aspect of B. variegata and their multidimensional use in various diseases. E-mail: vinaygkpuniv@ Keywords: Bauhinia variegata, Anti-microbial, Anti-oxidant, Anti- gmail.com diabetic, Anti-carcinogenic, Molluscicidal. INTRODUCTION For the last four decades, number of chemically diverse plants have ethnobiology has emerged as alternative been isolated today. The knowledge and discipline that can play prominent role. A advancement of plant properties and its uses American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics www.ajpct.org Singh et al_________________________________________________ ISSN 2321 – 2748 over synthetic have ecofriendly, I. An aerial part contains Kaempferol, biodegradable and hence are less likely to Ombuin, Kaempferol 7, 4-dimethyl accumulate in the environment. Plant ether- 3-o- β-D-2 glycopyranoside, Bauhinia variegata (Fabaceae) is called triterpene, Kaempferol-3-o-β-D- Kachnar in Hindi, commonly known as glycopyranoside, isorhamenetin-3-o- Rakta Kanchan in Sanskrit and Mountain β-D-glycopyranoside and hesperidin8 Ebony in English. It was planted in garden, & 9. park and roadsides as ornamental plant in II. Stem bark of B. variegata has many warm temperate and subtropical contain quercitroside, Kaempferol-3- regions. It was native to Southeast Asia and glucoside, lupeol and betasitosterol grows in tropical and subtropical climate1, 2. isoquercitroside, rutoside myricetol Bauhinia variegata is distributed in sub- glycoside and Kaempferol himalayan and outer himalaya of the Punjab glycosides10, 11, 12, 13 & 14. Zhao et al., and Sikkim state, India. It is also found in 15 isolated a new phenanthraquinone, Burma and China. It is also distributed in 2,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-9,10 most tropical countries, including Africa and dihydrophenanthrene-1-4, dione South America3,4. Bauhinia variegata (Bauhinione) from B. variegata stem consist about 300 species is medium sized, extract. deciduous tree which remain leafless in the III. Leaves contain lupeol, alkaloids, oil, month of January-April and in that period fat, glycoside, phenolics, lignin, flowering of the tree starts4. The genus saponins, terpenoids, β-sitisterol, includes trees, vines and shrubs that are tannins, kaempferol-3- glucoside, frequently planted for their showy flower rutin, quercitin, apigenin, apigenin-7- and ornamental foliage. Leaves are bifoliate. o-glucoside amides, carbohydrates, B. variegata is known to restore fertility to reducing sugar, protein, vitamin C, acid and degraded soils because of its ability fiber, calcium and phosphorus11, 16 & to fix nitrogen5. The various parts of the 17. plant viz., flower buds, flowers, stem, stem IV. Seeds contain protein, fatty oil- bark, leaves, seeds and roots are practiced in containing oleic acid, linoleic acid, various indigenous systems of medicine and palmitic acid, and stearic acid18. popular among the various ethnic groups in Reddy et al. 19 noted a new flavones India for the cure of variety of ailments6 & 7. in root extract of B. variegata is (2s)- 5,7-dimethoxy-3’-4’- Taxonomic hierarchy methyleneflavone. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliposida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Bauhinia Species: variegata Quercetin Phytochemical constituent The main constituent of B. variegata parts are- AJPCT[4][02][2016] 058-072 Singh et al_________________________________________________ ISSN 2321 – 2748 Lupeol β- sitosterol Peonidin-3-glucoside Kaemferol- 7, 4- dimethylether-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside Source of Literature Literature search on multi- dimensional uses of medicinal plant Bauhinia variegata from different sources of electronic and print scientific journals. Kaemferol Materials searched from PubMed resources, e-libraries such as NIH, CDC and book wealth of India. Ayurved, Unani and Charak samhita contains beautiful literature of plants and their role in biological system of Indian traditional system has been cited. Medicinal, Biological and therapeutic value Nature has been source of medicinal agent since time immemorial and man has Kaemferol-3-O-6-O-acetyl-glucoside-7-O- been dependent on plant products for his rhamnoside needs. The importance of herbs in the cure of human ailment cannot be neglected. Phytomedicines used to cure several diseases is well acknowledged in indigenous tradition system Ayurved, Unani and Charak samhita with growing awareness for the last 3 decades; it was needed to explore the AJPCT[4][02][2016] 058-072 Singh et al_________________________________________________ ISSN 2321 – 2748 potentiality of plant derived products against paw edema method37,57. These activities may several diseases17. be due to their content of tannins, steroids, Modern medicine based on flavonoids and carbohydrates. Sosa et al. 58 traditional system only after chemical and/ carried out a bioassay using the inhibition of or clinical test. Synthetic drugs cause’s side croton oil-induced ear edema in mice and effects as a result, people are more interest identified a 2:1 mixture of ursolic and to use natural products obtained from oleanolic acids as the strongest plants20. It has been estimated that 56% of antiphlogistic effects, with potency similar the active compounds for medicines in the to that of indomethacin. Triterpenic acids British National Formulary are natural have long been noted as anti-inflammatory products21. Standardization and formulation activity38 & 59. Boonfong et al.60 isolated of the plant product is necessary to several new secondary metabolites from the describing the isolation, identification and root of B. variegata especially bibenzyls and qualification of active ingredient in plant dihydrodibenzoxepins. It has significant materials. These plants are an important anti-inflammatory activity. A new source of producing medicinal valuable triterpene- saponin 23-hydroxy-3alpha-[O- bioactive secondary metabolites which are alpha-L-1C4-rhamnopyranosyl-(1’4')-O- great importance for the health purpose of alpha-L-4C1-arabinopyranosyl-oxy]olean- human beings22, 23 & 24. 12-en-28-oicacid and O-alpha-L-1C4- Indigenous traditional system of rhamno pyranosyl-(1’4’)-O-beta-D-4C1- medicine various parts of the plant B. glucopyranosyl-(1’6’)-O-beta-D- variegata are used as anti-helmintic, 4Cglucopyranosylester, were isolated from astringent, anti-leprotic, anti-microbial, liver the leaves of B. variegata. It was found tonic and in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea. nontoxic (LD50) and to have significant anti- Plant is also useful for treatment of skin inflammatory activity61. It also showed anti- diseases, wounds, edema, dysentery, ulcers, nociceptive effects which are more potent eye disease, piles, hemorrhoids and an than the reference drugs (REF). Anti- antidote against snake bite 25. The Ayurvedic inflammatory agents isolated from B. has documented the use of the stem bark in variegata plant were six flavanoids namely, treating lymphadenitis and goiter 26. kaempferol, ombuin, kaempferol 7,4’- Bauhinia leaves and bark have been used dimethylether 3-0-ß-D-glucopyranoside, frequently in folk medicine as a remedy for kaempferol 3-0-ß-D-glucopyranoside, different kinds of the pathologies, isorhamnetin 3-0-ß-D-glucopyranoside and particularly, infections and diabetes27,1, 2. hesperidin together with one triterpene. Caffeate, 3ß-trans-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoy- Biological Effects loxy) olean-12-en-28-oic acid were isolated from the non-woody aerial parts of B. Anti-inflammatory activity variegata. These compounds were evaluated Non woody aerial part of B. as inhibitors of some macrophage functions variegata shows the anti-inflammatory involved in the inflammatory process, activity against inhibiting the significantly dose-dependent inhibition
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