molecules Article Pulmonaria obscura and Pulmonaria officinalis Extracts as Mitigators of Peroxynitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors–In Vitro and In Silico Studies Justyna Krzyzanowska-Kowalczyk˙ 1 , Mariusz Kowalczyk 1 , Michał B. Ponczek 2 , Łukasz Pecio 1 , Paweł Nowak 2 and Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas 2,* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
[email protected] (J.K.-K.);
[email protected] (M.K.);
[email protected] (Ł.P.) 2 Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
[email protected] (M.B.P.);
[email protected] (P.N.) * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-83 Abstract: The Pulmonaria species (lungwort) are edible plants and traditional remedies for different disorders of the respiratory system. Our work covers a comparative study on biological actions in human blood plasma and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) -inhibitory properties of plant extracts (i.e., phenolic-rich fractions) originated from aerial parts of P. obscura Dumort. and P. officinalis L. Phyto- Citation: Krzyzanowska-Kowalczyk,˙ chemical profiling demonstrated the abundance of phenolic acids and their derivatives (over 80% J.; Kowalczyk, M.; Ponczek, M.B.; of the isolated fractions). Danshensu conjugates with caffeic acid, i.e., rosmarinic, lithospermic, sal- Pecio, Ł.; Nowak, P.; vianolic, monardic, shimobashiric and yunnaneic acids were identified as predominant components. Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J. Pulmonaria The examined extracts (1–100 µg/mL) partly prevented harmful effects of the peroxynitrite-induced obscura and Pulmonaria officinalis Extracts as Mitigators of oxidative stress in blood plasma (decreased oxidative damage to blood plasma components and Peroxynitrite-Induced Oxidative improved its non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity).