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Upper Ordovician Bryozoans from the Xiazhen Formation of Yushan

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Upper Ordovician Bryozoans from the Xiazhen Formation of Yushan Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Palaeoworld 27 (2018) 343–359 Upper Ordovician bryozoans from the Xiazhen Formation of Yushan, northeastern Jiangxi, East China a,b a c d a,∗ Min Zhang , Feng-Sheng Xia , Paul D. Taylor , Kun Liang , Jun-Ye Ma a State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (SKLPS), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China c Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum (NHM), London, SW7 5BD, UK d Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography (LESP), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Received 1 November 2017; received in revised form 9 January 2018; accepted 19 January 2018 Available online 3 February 2018 Abstract The bryozoan fauna from the Xiazhen Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) of northeast Jiangxi Province, southeast China is reported here. Seventeen species of bryozoans belonging to fifteen genera and four orders are identified: Homotrypa yushanensis, Homotrypa sp., Prasopora yushanensis, Trematopora sp., Monotrypella sp., Rhombotrypa sp., Orbignyella sp., Constellaria jiangxiensis, Constellaria sp., Stictopora nichol- soni, Trigonodictya parvula, Ptilodictya ensiformis, Stictoporella sp., Pseudopachydictya sp., Nematopora sp., Arthrostylidae sp. indet., and Chasmatoporidae sp. indet. Four of these genera have been reported previously but nine genera (Trematopora, Monotrypella, Rhombotrypa, Orbignyella, Trigonodictya, Ptilodictya, Stictoporella, Pseudopachydictya, and Nematopora), one rhabdomesine and one fenestrate are found for the first time in the Late Ordovician strata of South China. Our palaeogeographical analysis suggests that the bryozoan association is typical for the Katian, which is mostly widespread in Laurentia, Siberia, Baltica and Mediterranean, and displays palaeobiogeographical relationships to the Laurentia–Siberia Province. © 2018 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bryozoa; Taxonomy; Palaeobiogeography; Late Ordovician; South China Block 1. Introduction China will contributed greatly to our understanding of the GOBE (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event) at a global scale Abundant bryozoans of the Late Ordovician age were (Zhan et al., 2013). reported from China during the last century (Yang and Hu, 1962; In contrast to the coeval mostly deeper water deposition set- Yang and Lu, 1962; Yang et al., 1979; Liu, 1980, 1987; Hu, tings in South China in the Late Ordovician (e.g., Rong and 1986a, 1986b; Zheng, 1989; Fan and Hu, 1990). However, little Chen, 1987; Zhan and Jin, 2007), the shallow marine carbonates, attention has been paid to these bryozoans and little progress especially reefal units or mud mounds of the Xiazhen Formation has been made with them in recent years, except for the report and the Sanqushan Formation in Jiangshan–Changshan–Yushan of Chang et al. (2011a, 2011b). For the Late Ordovician bry- (JCY) at the border of Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, provided ozoans from South China, there was only one basic report of a favourable environment for benthic suspension feeding bry- bryozoans from the Upper Ordovician of South China (Hu, ozoans (Hu, 1986a; Fang et al., 1993; Chen et al., 1994, 1995; 1986a); therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive Bian et al., 1996; Chen, 1996). The current study represents investigation; such detailed palaeontological studies in South a further contribution to the taxonomy of bryozoans from the Xiazhen Formation of the Zhuzhai section in Yushan County (Fig. 1). ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.Y. Ma). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2018.01.002 1871-174X/© 2018 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved. 344 M. Zhang et al. / Palaeoworld 27 (2018) 343–359 Fig. 1. Map of China showing the South China Block, with enlargement showing the vicinity of Jiangshan, Changshan, and Yushan (JCY area), and the location of Zhuzhai (adapted from Liang et al., 2016). 2. Stratigraphy 2013), and includes developments of the coral–stromatoporoid and tetradiid–siliceous sponge patch reef and biostromal units The northwestward expansion of the Cathaysian Land during (Kwon et al., 2012; Dai et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015; Liang et al., the Late Ordovician resulted in the development of the narrow 2016; Lee et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2016; Zhang, 2016). The shallow-water carbonate Zhe-Gan platform and Zhe-Xi Slope brachiopod communities suggest water depth in the Xiazhen in the JCY area. Three different depositional settings developed Formation at the Zhuzhai section corresponds to BA2–BA3, and contemporaneously: low-relief reef of the inner shelf (Xiazhen it was deposited close to the palaeo-shoreline (Zhan et al., 2002). Formation), carbonate mud mound along the rims of the Recent collection of the index graptolite Anticostia uniformis shelf (Sanqushan Formation), and fine detrital basinal deposits in the shales suggests the graptolitic biozonations range from (Changwu Formation) (Zhan and Fu, 1994; Zhang et al., 2007). the Dicellograptus complanatus Biozone to the Diceratograp- The stratotype section of the Xiazhen Formation is at tus mirus Subzone, indicating a late Katian age for the Xiazhen Tashan in Yushan County. This unit is also well exposed in Formation here (Chen et al., 2015). the Zhuzhai section, about 15 km southeast of Yushan County ◦ ◦ (28 34 28.65 N, 118 20 05.45 E) (Fig. 1). The Xiazhen Forma- 3. Material and methods tion at Zhuzhai, which was first described by Chen et al. (1987), is continuous from northwest to southeast. It has a faulted contact All bryozoan fossils in this study are collected from beds C9, with the Jurassic Linshan Group and is overlain by the Lower C11 in the middle mixed-lithology member and bed C12 in the Carboniferous outcrops at Zhuzhai Village. Recently, Lee et al. upper shale member of the ZU1 subsection (Fig. 2). Bryozoans (2012) published a revised lithostratigraphic work on the three are relatively abundant in C9 but much less common in C11 and exposures or sub-sections (ZU1, ZU2, and ZU3) of the Zhuzhai C12. In total, 215 oriented and unoriented thin sections contain- section and further subdivided the succession into four litholog- ing bryozoans were observed using a transmitted light binocular ical sequences in ascending order: a lower limestone member, a microscope. Measurements were taken from scaled photographs lower shale member, a middle mixed-lithology member, and an of thin sections. upper shale member, including 20 coral-bearing beds (C0–C19). Based on published databases of Ordovician bryozoan The Xiazhen Formation contains abundant brachiopods, palaeogeography (Tuckey, 1990; Jiménez-Sánchez and Villas, corals, stromatoporoids, gastropods, cephalopods and trilobites 2010; Jiménez-Sánchez et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2016), two multi- (Lu et al., 1976; Chen et al., 1987; Zhan and Fu, 1994; Zhan variate ordination techniques — principal coordinates analysis and Rong, 1995; Zhan et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2007; Lee, (PCO) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) — were M. Zhang et al. / Palaeoworld 27 (2018) 343–359 345 Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphic column and correlation of the Xiazhen Formation in subsections ZU1 at Zhuzhai, South China (adapted from Lee et al., 2012). Specimens of bryozoans in the present study were collected from intervals C9, C11, C12 (marked by solid circles). implemented in the program PAST version 2.16 (Hammer et al., 4. Paleogeography of bryozoan fauna 2001) to analyze the palaeobiogeographical relationship of the bryozoan fauna from the late Katian of the South China Block. Since their first appearence in Tremadocian (Xia et al., 2007; As consistent results were obtained using three different simi- Ma et al., 2015), bryozoans realized its biodiversification in Late larity indices (Dice, Jaccard and Simpson similarity indices) in Ordovician (Taylor and Ernst, 2004; Xia et al., 2010; Ernst, the PCO analysis, only the plot from the Dice indice is shown in press). During the evolution of Ordovician bryozoans, three here (Fig. 3). extinction events happened in the early Katian, late Katian, and 346 M. Zhang et al. / Palaeoworld 27 (2018) 343–359 Fig. 3. Principal coordinates analysis (PCO) of the presence/absence generic data matrix, using the Dice similarity coefficient. The percentage of total variation contained in each coordinate is: axis 1 = 14.21%, axis 2 = 11.35%. The abbreviations and color codes used herein are the same as those in Jiménez-Sánchez and Villas (2010) to ease comparison. Red: Avalonia; blue: Siberia; dark green: India; green: Laurentia; purple: South China; pink: Mediterranean Area; grey: Altai Sayan; sky blue: Baltica. Abbreviations used: AI: Anticosti Island; AL: Alabama; AS: Altai Sayan; AV: Avalonia; Bo: Bohemia; CA: Carnic Alps; CK: Central Kentucky; CM: Central Mongolia; CT: Central Tennessee; EI: Northeast Illinois; Es: Estonia; Ge: Georgia; Go: Gotland; Gr: Greenland; IC: Iberian Chains; Ind: India; Io: Iowa; Ir: Ireland; Li: Libya; Ma: Manitoba; Mf: Meaford; Mi: Michigan; MN: Montagne Noire; Mo: Morocco; Ms: Missouri; Mt: Manitoulin Island; NK: North Kentucky; NM: Northwest Mongolia; NZ: Novaya Zemlya; NY: New York; PC: Precordillera Argentina; Sa: Sardinia; SC: South China; SI: South Indiana;
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