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AWARDS CMS honours international industry with both crystal and gold awards
The seventh annual CMS Awards ceremony was held on 13 March to recognize industries that have made substantial contributions to the construction of the collaboration’s detector. General Tecnica of Italy received the prestigious crystal award for developing and producing the resistive plate chambers (RPCs) for the barrel muon detector and prototyping for the endcap RPC detector. The company began working with CERN on the project in the early 1980s, making major improvements to certain assembly procedures. General Tecnica has already built 300 of the 480 RPCs needed for the experiment. Representatives of the firms that received the CMS crystal and gold awards for 2006. Other companies making excellent contributions to the CMS project were lines and installing them in the pillar wall boards for the electromagnetic calorimeter recognized with gold awards. AICON 3D between the service and experiment caverns. barrel; Cicorel was rewarded for producing Systems GmbH received their award for The French company SDMS was honoured for and laminating the tracker front-end hybrid developing and constructing components for designing and constructing the proximity circuits, and Hybrid SA received its award for the optical camera-based 3D systems that are cryogenics system for the coil, while ZEC component assembly and for testing the used to measure large parts of CMS. Services of Poland was rewarded for tracker front-end hybrids. Firms from three countries were rewarded producing and assembling cooling and gas eXception EMS of the UK received gold for for work connected with the CMS circuits on the magnet yoke. manufacturing drivers for the tracker front-end, superconducting solenoid magnet. KONCAR Three Swiss firms received gold for work and TM Engineers, also of the UK, was rewarded Electrical Industries of Croatia won gold for related to electronics. ASCOM was honoured for manufacturing the electromagnetic manufacturing the magnet’s 20 kA power for producing and assembling electronic calorimeter endcap support structures. DESY director-general receives Cross of Merit
Albrecht Wagner, chair of the DESY board of of directors since 1999. He is also the directors, received the Cross of Merit, First spokesman of the TeV-Energy Class, of the Order of Merit of the Federal Superconducting Linear Accelerator (TESLA) Republic of Germany on 16 March. He was Technology Collaboration. This international honoured for his contributions “to the present collaboration has made decisive contributions and future of one of the most important to developing the superconducting TESLA research centres in Europe, and to high-energy technology, which has been chosen as the physics in general”. According to the Order, basis for both the planned European X-ray Wagner’s numerous contacts in many countries Free-Electron Laser and the International rendered outstanding services to Germany’s Linear Collider. As the declaration states, international reputation. Frieder Meyer- “thanks to his expertise, his untiring Krahmer, state secretary of the German Federal commitment, his acknowledged authority and Ministry of Education and Research, presented Frieder Meyer-Krahmer (left) presents the his exemplary circumspection, [Wagner] was the award at a ceremony at DESY in Hamburg. Federal Republic of Germany’s Order of able to maintain and enhance the excellent Wagner has been chair of the DESY board Merit to Albrecht Wagner. (Courtesy DESY.) international reputation of DESY”.
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COLLABORATION HPLUS meets WASA: Chinese and German physicists join forces in studies of strong QCD
On 13–18 January, the Joint Sino-German basic questions of non-perturbative quantum symposium on Hadron Physics at COSY and chromodynamics (strong QCD), for example CSR (HPC2) took place in Lanzhou, located in through a precise study of symmetry breaking central China on the banks of the Yellow River. and through specific investigations of hadron The symposium was jointly organized by the structure. Decays of η and η' that vanish in Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the the limit of equal light-quark masses reveal Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the the explicit isospin symmetry breaking in QCD. Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP) of the HPC2 participants in front of the IMP building. Precision measurements of rare η and η' Research Centre Jülich, and financed by the decays can be used to obtain new limits on Sino-German Center for Research Promotion in are “photon blind”. This will change with the the breaking of charge, parity and time Beijing. Around 80 participants, mostly from start of operation of the Wide Angle Shower symmetries or their combinations. Last but China and Germany, attended the workshop. Apparatus (WASA) in 2007 (CERN Courier not least, through precise measurements of The IKP has been operating the Cooler April 2005, p8). WASA is a fixed-target 4π decay chains and couplings to other hadrons, Synchrotron, COSY, for more than 10 years, detector and is designed to detect neutral WASA and HPLUS can both contribute to providing proton and deuteron beams with and charged particles. testing the various models offered to explain momenta up to 3.7 GeV/c. A similar facility – On the Chinese side, a novel detector, exotic and crypto-exotic hadrons. with the CSRm and CSRe rings – has been HPLUS, is being prepared for hadron physics These and other hot topics of strong QCD built at the IMP and is now in the experiments. This device is designed to study were discussed in about 40 talks during the commissioning phase. baryon resonances, scalar mesons and/or symposium, with the aim of coordinating the At COSY several detection systems – such isospin-violating effects. The R&D for the physics programmes of the two experiments as the ANKE dipole spectrometer and the non- project has started at the IMP with and of sharing technological expertise. Further magnetic COSY-TOF experiment – are used for participation from other Chinese universities. common projects, focused on measurements experiments on hadron physics. A Once operating, the WASA and HPLUS with WASA and the preparation of HPLUS, are disadvantage of these detectors is that they detectors will allow researchers to investigate now being launched.
VISITS CERN welcomes King and Queen of Norway
King Harald V and Queen Sonja of Norway visited CERN on 4 April, taking a tour of part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel and the ATLAS cavern, and also greeting Norwegian students, scientists and industrialists at the laboratory. The tour was part of the royal couple’s state visit to Switzerland, which also included a stop in Bern. Robert Aymar, CERN’s director- general, welcomed the royal party and provided an overview of CERN’s history and King Harald (left) and Queen Sonja with research. Steinar Stapnes, the deputy King Harald V of Norway watches while CERN’s director-general, Robert Aymar, spokesman of ATLAS, explained the concept Queen Sonja signs CERN’s visitor’s book. during their tour of the ATLAS cavern. and inner workings of the LHC and ATLAS, which is one of the main experiments at CERN There are currently 17 Norwegian staff contributions are focused on the ATLAS and to receive Norwegian contributions. members, a user community from Norwegian ALICE experiments, particularly the silicon Norway was one of the founding 12 countries universities of more than 100 and about detector systems, calorimeter modules and when the laboratory was established in 1954. 10 technical students at CERN. Norwegian trigger and read-out electronics.
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PUBLISHING MEETINGS Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, will host the Hadron Collider Physics New European journal brings Symposium 2006 from 22–26 May. This has been a major forum for presenting Tevatron science research to schools Collider measurements and has recently merged with the LHC Symposium. This meeting will mark the transition to the LHC EIROforum, the partnership between Europe’s era. Tevatron results based upon about 1 fb–1 seven largest intergovernmental research of data will be presented, along with recent organizations, has launched Science in School, measurements made at RHIC. The status and a new European journal to help teachers to plans for all LHC experiments will also be make their science lessons exciting and presented, together with theoretical reviews inspiring. The aim is to provide a platform for relevant to the full range of hadron-collider communication between science teachers, research. For further details see practising scientists and others involved in http://hcp2006.phy.duke.edu/. science education, so bridging the gap between the worlds of research and schools. The 2006 CERN School of Computing, Science in School will address science organized by CERN and the Helsinki Institute of teaching not only across Europe, but also Physics, will be held on 21 August – across disciplines. It will highlight the best in 1 September in Helsinki. It is aimed at teaching and cutting-edge research, drawing on postgraduate students and research workers the overlap between subjects and the potential with a few years’ experience in particle physics, for interdisciplinary work. Furthermore, the computing or related fields. Special themes discussion forum on the website will enable this year are GRID and software technologies readers to pose questions, offer solutions and and physics computing. Grants from the discuss current topics – communicating directly European Union Framework Programme 6 are across national and subject boundaries. available to participants to cover part or all of Science in School will appear quarterly their costs. For further details see online and in print and will feature news Science in School will bring news of cutting- www.cern.ch/CSC/. To register, which should about the latest scientific discoveries, edge research into Europe’s classrooms. be before 15 May, click on “How to apply”. teaching materials, interviews with inspiring teachers and scientists, reviews of books, European Commission’s Science and Society Diffraction 2006, the International Workshop films and websites, suggestions for class programme in the framework of the Nucleus on Diffraction in High-Energy Physics, will be trips, training opportunities and many other project (see www.xplora.org/ww/en/pub/ held in Adamantas, Milos, Greece, on resources for science teachers. Contributors xplora/nucleus_home.htm). 5–10 September. This is the fourth biennial to the first issue include the world-renowned workshop on theoretical and experimental neurologist and author Oliver Sacks and Further reading progress in diffractive hadronic collisions at scientists and teachers from nine countries. For the online edition of Science in School high energies. Topics to be covered fall into ● Science in School is supported by the see www.scienceinschool.org/. three main categories: experimental results and prospects, phenomenological approaches to diffraction and progress in the theoretical Max Planck Society provides funding for description of diffraction. For further the open-access New Journal of Physics information see www.cs.infn.it/diff2006/. Beauty 2006, the 11th International In a move to open up access to scientific NJP was one of the first open-access, Conference on B-physics at Hadron Machines, research, a new initiative will let German electronic-only journals, publishing original will be held on 25–29 September at Keble scientists publish their research for free in the research articles across the whole of physics. College, Oxford. The conference will review New Journal of Physics (NJP), the online open- Free to read, it is funded solely by article results in B-physics and charge–parity violation access journal jointly owned by the UK Institute publication charges. The journal has grown and will explore the potential and experimental of Physics and the Deutsche Physikalische by more than 900% since 2001 and more reach of current and future generations of B- Gesellschaft. The Max Planck Society will than 40 000 of its articles are now physics experiments at hadron machines. For centrally pay the publication charge for NJP downloaded each month. Its official impact further details see www.physics.ox.ac.uk/ articles for all of its scientists who submit work factor has risen from 2.480 in 2003 to a Beauty2006/, or e-mail Neville Harnew at to the journal before the end of 2008. current value of 3.095. [email protected].
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OBITUARIES Owen Chamberlain 1920–2006 Owen Chamberlain, who shared the 1959 polarized-proton beams. Nobel Prize for the discovery of the antiproton, Chamberlain’s later research covered a passed away quietly in his home in Berkeley, variety of fields. After the antiproton on 28 February 2006, following a long discovery, he went on to study antiproton struggle with Parkinson’s disease. He was 85. interactions in hydrogen, deuterium and other Chamberlain, an emeritus professor of physics elements, and then observed antineutron at the University of California, Berkeley, had production from antiproton interactions. an almost 60 year association with Lawrence In the early 1960s, Chamberlain pioneered Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). the application of polarized targets to high- Chamberlain, working with Emilio Segrè, energy physics. He spent much of the next Clyde Wiegand and Thomas Ypsilantis, 20 years using polarized targets to study spin discovered the antiproton in 1955 at the Rad physics and other topics. This included Lab (now LBNL). The accelerated protons to notable early experiments on the parity of the an energy of 6 GeV, just enough to produce Σ baryon, and tests of time reversal. He did proton–antiproton pairs (CERN Courier this work at a variety of accelerators, including November 2005 p27). Chamberlain and his the LBNL 184 inch cyclotron, the Bevalac, collaborators used a magnetic spectrometer accelerators at SLAC and Fermilab and others. to select fixed-momentum particles from Even later in life, he continued his hands-on proton–copper collisions. Two scintillation work. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he counters were used to measure the time of worked on the high-voltage field cage for the flight over a 10 m flight path. The time-of- SLAC/PEP-9 Time Projection Chamber; this flight system was supplemented with two required considerable study of material Cherenkov counters, also to measure properties. Despite ill health, after retirement, velocity. The combined Cherenkov he maintained his interest in physics, often identification and time-of-flight velocity appearing at seminars and colloquia. measurement provided the 40 000 to 1 In his later years Chamberlain became an rejection factor needed to separate single outspoken activist for nuclear-arms control candidate antiprotons from background Owen Chamberlain, emeritus professor at and other issues of social concern. In the particles, mostly negative pions and kaons. UC Berkeley, who died in February aged 85. 1960s he supported the Free Speech An expanded collaboration later used a stack Movement at UC Berkeley, and strongly of emulsion to confirm the discovery. Berkeley, and later in Los Alamos he advocated increased minority recruitment and Chamberlain was born in San Francisco on investigated nuclear cross-sections for enrolment there. He spoke out against the 10 July 1920, the son of W Edward intermediate-energy neutrons and the repression of scientists in the former Soviet Chamberlain, a prominent radiologist who spontaneous fission of heavy elements. After Union, demonstrated against the Vietnam War had a strong interest in particle physics, and the war, he returned to graduate work at the and was a founder of the nuclear-freeze Genevieve Lucinda Owen. His family moved to University of Chicago to study under Enrico movement of the early 1980s. Philadelphia in 1930. After obtaining a Fermi. Chamberlain’s doctoral project was a “As a Nobelist, I’d been made prominent bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College in study of the diffraction of slow neutrons in and well known,” he once said in an interview. 1941, Chamberlain entered graduate school liquids. After receiving his PhD in 1948, he “My advice was sought in a number of areas at UC Berkeley. returned to UC Berkeley and began his and I felt a responsibility to speak up on In early 1942, at the prompting of Ernest research at the Rad Lab, initially studying important issues.” Lawrence, Chamberlain joined the Manhattan proton scattering on various targets. This Spencer Klein and Lynn Yarris, Lawrence Project, the effort to build an atomic bomb. In included some of the first experiments with Berkeley National Laboratory.
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Albert Romana 1948–2005
Albert Romana passed away on 14 December and became deeply involved in the PHENIX 2005, on the eve of his 58th birthday. He experiment at Brookhaven, which was made his entire career at the Laboratoire emerging as a proper continuation of NA50. Leprince-Ringuet at Ecole Polytechnique, For several years he led the PHENIX group of where he was deputy-director from July 1990 Ecole Polytechnique. to June 1998, then interim-director up to Albert played a fundamental role in all the November of the same year. experiments mentioned here, often Most of Albert Romana’s scientific activity volunteering for tasks of general interest for is closely linked to experiments done at the collaboration, such as designing, tuning CERN, where he used to spend long periods and providing basic tools and also managing every year and where he met many colleagues and organizing the data to enable a and collaborators who also soon became coordinated and coherent data analysis. This friends. More recently, his physics interests led him to interact continuously with most of led him to Brookhaven where he became his colleagues, both with the data-taking and involved in an experiment at the Relativistic hardware experts on one side and with the Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven. teams analysing the data on the other. As a student, Albert started by participating Because of his extensive skills as an in an experiment with a hyperon beam at the of ions in the SPS opened the field to quark– experimentalist, of his personal modesty and CERN Proton Synchrotron, looking for leptonic gluon-plasma observation. Albert contributed his always optimistic and smiling approach to hyperon decays in a streamer chamber. He greatly to modifying and adapting the NA10 any problem, he was the ideal introducer and wrote his “thèse de 3ème cycle” on the muon spectrometer for the new difficult guide for newcomers, such as new groups or subject. After his military service, he moved to environment of the high-intensity incident young students joining the experiment. For an experiment on the Omega Spectrometer at heavy-ion beams. He then played a key role in everybody, it was always a real pleasure to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) – the so- the NA38 experiment and later in NA50, the work and collaborate with him. called beam-dump experiment – to study the latter leading to widely publicized evidence We will remember Albert as a kind and hadroproduction of the newly discovered for the quark–gluon plasma. Some years dedicated friend and colleague, always ready charmed particles, J/ψ and charmed mesons, before, Albert had made a significant to listen, to discuss and to help with an open with incident protons, antiprotons, pions and personal contribution to the first mind, at both the professional and personal kaons; this was the subject of his “thèse measurement of the asymmetry of the sea- level. We will miss him. d’Etat”. He then made significant quarks of the nucleon, analysing the data ● Published in English at the request of the contributions in the new NA10 experiment, collected specifically for this purpose in the authors for the benefit of Albert Romana’s studying prompt muon-pair production with a NA51 experiment, once again based on the colleagues world-wide. high-intensity pion beam and testing, in NA10 muon spectrometer. Louis Kluberg, Roberto Salmeron and Henri particular, Drell–Yan scale invariance. After being at the CMS experiment for some Videau, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole By the end of the 1980s, the acceleration time, Albert soon came back to heavy ions Polytechnique.
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LETTERS the heavy lepton, was started, looking for eµ not want to emphasize his own achievements acoplanar pairs. Also the study of vector- and generously underlined the role played by From form factors to heavy leptons meson mixing and of pseudoscalar-meson Frascati in pursuing this extremely interesting Regarding the report of the Frascati three-day mixing based on the strong production of field of research. However, as reported in a meeting on nucleon form factors (CERN these mesons and their electromagnetic celebrated review paper by Professor Claudio Courier April 2006, p33), I would like to add decay-rates was carried out at CERN. Villi, INFN president of the time, it is thanks to a contribution related to the value of the In the following years, the Bologna-CERN- Zichichi’s work at CERN in the 1960s that experiments performed at CERN in the early Frascati (BCF) group moved to Frascati and neither the ideas nor the technologies were 1960s when I was a student of Professor played an important role at the ADONE e+e– then missing in Frascati for the discovery of the Zichichi at the University of Bologna. I was collider. This group established the first limit J/ψ and of the third lepton. The only missing very enthusiastic when it was discovered in on the mass of the heavy lepton by searching parameter was the energy. 1963 that the proton has indeed a time-like for acoplanar (eµ) final states, the same More information and all references can be electromagnetic structure; the cross-section channel that brought the SLAC group later on found in two volumes: one edited by N Cabibbo measured was in fact found by Zichichi and to the actual discovery of the third lepton with [Lepton Physics at CERN and Frascati, 20th collaborators to be 500 times below the a very high background due to the low Century Physics Series, Vol. 8, World Scientific predicted point-like value. This discovery by rejection power of the SLAC experimental (1994)] and the other by C S Wu [The Origin of Zichichi and his group opened the field of apparatus. The experimental apparatus used the Third Family, in honour of A. Zichichi on the time-like electromagnetic form factors. in Frascati was especially designed to keep XXX Anniversary of the Proposal to Search for At the time when this series of experiments the background level extremely low. With such the Third Lepton at ADONE, Rome (1997) and was performed at CERN using the a powerful instrument the BCF group was also World Scientific (1998)]. Proton–AntiProton into LEpton Pairs (PAPLEP) able to prove that the π and K pseudoscalar Professor Enzo Boschi, president of the Italian set-up, there were no e+e– colliders. mesons have time-like structures. National Institute of Geophysics and Nevertheless it was at CERN that the first In his historical introduction at the N’05 Vulcanology and former student of Professor dedicated search for the third lepton, called Workshop on Nuclear Form Factors, Zichichi did Zichichi during the 1960s.
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