Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands

Conservation Management Zones of Australia

Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image Credits Front Cover: Paroo-Darling National Park – Peter Taylor, Parks Australia Page 4: Mulga on John Egan Pioneer Track – Dragi Markovic Page 10: Mulga Parrot (Psephotus varius) – Brian Furby Page 14: Paper daisies, Paroo-Darling National Park – J. Doyle/OEH Page 15: Lake Wyara – Adam Creed, © The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection) Page 18: Cassia flowers, Paroo-Darling National Park – J. Doyle/OEH Page 19: Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) – Dave Watts Page 21: Australian Painted Snipes (Rostratula australis) – Graeme Chapman Page 22: Wild hop, Paroo-Darling National Park – J. Doyle/OEH Page 24: Kultarr (Antechinomys laniger) – Mark Marathon Page 25: Spotted Marsh Frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) – Matt Page 26: Currawinya woodlands – Adam Creed, © The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection) Page 27: Mulga open woodlands and sparse shrublands (Acacia aneura) – Murray Fagg Page 28: Mulga woodlands and shrublands (Acacia aneura) – Murray Fagg Page 29: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey (Eucalyptus cambagiana), Idalia National Park – Murray Fagg Page 30: Other Acacia forests and woodlands (Acacia cambagei) – Murray Fagg Page 31: Eucalyptus low open woodlands with tussock grass (Eucalyptus coolabah) – Murray Fagg Back Cover: Paroo-Darling National Park – Peter Taylor, Parks Australia

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2 Introduction ��2 Zone at a glance ��3 Population characteristics ��6 Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics �� 14 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands �� 16 Major National Reserve System properties ��17 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 18 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 19 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 21 Threatened endemic species ��22 Invasive species �� 24 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 26

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Zone at a glance

Area of zone: Population density: 22,131,792 hectares

% of Australia: 0.04 people 2.88% per square kilometre

Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 10,000

4.2% 8,846 8,000

6,000

Number of people 4,000

2,000

0 otal T er 65 Ov a second language English as

ndigenous 95.8% I outh (15–24) Y

Employed Unemployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Rural centres Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions) Charleville 3,315 Beef $101 Cunnamulla 1,199 Other broadacre crops $87 Quilpie 570 Wool $45 Thargomindah 205 Lamb $29 Wilcannia 609 Cereals for grain $11 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other $287 Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions commodities not listed here) Western Local Land Services NSW

Desert Channels QLD Climate characteristics* South West NRM QLD Mean annual temperature 20.3 Celsius Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 35.8 Celsius Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 4.2 Celsius Mean Annual Rainfall 328 mm

Dominant rainfall season Summer

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). For future climate projections please refer to: Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Native Title area National Reserve System area

4.8%

0.1%

99.9% 95.2%

Native Title area Other area NRS area Other area

Native vegetation clearance level Number of threatened species by class

7.62% 1 4

92.38%

Cleared (ha) Uncleared (ha) Plants Birds Mammals Reptiles Fish

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

Vulnerable species 29

Endangered species 10

Migratory species 9

Threatened ecological 4 communities

0 6 12 18 24 30

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Population characteristics

Population

Population by age group Indigenous population by age group

6% 13%

24%

31% 28%

12% 33%

15% 18% 20%

0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Farmer and farm managers by age group Gender of farmers and farm managers

5% 18% 17%

208

430

60%

15–24 years 25–39 years Male Female 40–64 years 65 years and over

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Languages spoken at home English 90.35% Other languages 3.04% Not stated 6.56%

Non-English languages spoken at home* Indigenous languages spoken at home**

24 5.2% 100% 9% 7.1% 1.9% 4.5% 2.6% 5.6% 2.6% 1.9%

8.2%

54.1%

Northern European Unspecied Australian Indigenous Languages (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch) Southern European ** Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census Eastern European that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran South-East Asian East Asian Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander African Paci c / Oceanic Sign language

* Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Education

Highest level of educational attainment Highest level of educational attainment – total population – Indigenous community

35% 60%

30% 50%

25% 40% 20% 30% 15% 20% 10%

5% 10%

0% 0% l l e e e e w w ve ve Le Le ti cat ti cat /Not stated /Not stated ti cate ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 ears 11 and 12 Y Y Cer Cer ears 10 or belo ears 10 or belo Y Y Diploma and Diploma and School School nadequately described nadequately described I I School School No Educational Attainment No Educational Attainment Bachelor Degr Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer Diploma & Graduate Cer P P 15–24 years 25–39 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Highest level of educational attainment Post-school qualication types* – farmers and farm managers 400 60% 350

50% 300

250 40% 200 30% 150

20% 100

50 10% 0 0% l e e w ve 65 years Le ti cat and above /Not stated 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 Y Cer ears 10 or belo Y Natural and Physical Sciences Diploma and School

nadequately described Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies I School

No Educational Attainment Health and education Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer

P Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts 15–24 years 25–39 years Information Technology, Management 40–64 years 65 years and over and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali cations of mixed eld, quali cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali cation). Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Employment status of general population* Employment by industry 90% 3% 80% 6%

70% 6% 22% 60%

50% 12% 40% 1% 30% 4%

20%

10% 12% 0% 13% 65 years

and above 21% 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

Employed Agriculture, forestry and sheries Unemployed Mining Not in labour force or not stated Manufacturing Utilities, construction and transport Employment* Please note the %status gures are of relative general to each population* of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are Employmentaggregates of the following status Au ofstra Indigenouslian Bureau of Statis population*tics categories: Employed = Employed full-time;Health, Employed Social par Assistance,t-time; Education and training and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time 90%100% Public administration and safety work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ 80%90%category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the populationWholesale that is not and of r etail trade working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for Serthisvices report, 70%80%as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population. Food, accommodation, arts and recreation 60%70% Unknown/not stated 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% 65 years 65 years and above and above ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous I I I I 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old 15–24 years old 40–64 years old 25–39 years old

EmployeEmployed d UnemployeUnemployed d Not Notin labour in labour force fo orrce not or statednot stated * Please note the % gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Volunteering Income

Volunteering rates Total household income (% of households)* 80%

70% 17% 60% 25.1% 50% 2.6% 40%

30% 10.2% 20%

10%

65 years 45.2% and above 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old

Not a volunteer Under $20,800 $20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999 Volunteer Over $104,000 Not Stated/Partially Stated Not stated or not applicable * Please note these gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome. nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430 In the 2011–12 nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax Oset. Human Services applied the following de nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, shing, forestry and downstream industries

Agriculture industry 810 employment (production)

7,272 Agriculture industry employment (downstream – including services, 222 food and beverage**)

Forestry industry* (including 83 production, logging, sawmilling 4 and downstream wood and paper product manufacturing)

Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^ $120

$100

$80

$60 illions M

$40

$20

$0 y y rk ol rui t ops Ha Po Beef F Wo Dair Lamb r grain e cr Oilseeds oadacr gume fo Cereals for grain Le ther br O

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

Feral animal control* Native vegetation protection and regeneration* (% of agricultural holdings) (% of agricultural holdings) 50% 18%

45% 16%

40% 14% 35% 12% 30% 10% 25% 8% 20% 6% 15%

10% 4% 5% 2%

0% 0% e ol tio n ther O essur eral goats F eral camels eral animals F cluding stock of f No management ther (unspeci ed) Managing weeds eral animal contr f O Stopping mechanical or chemical destruc Reducing grazing pr encing o /ex F

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

Sought advice when adopting Sources of advice**^ native vegetation management**

16.64% s s s s s s s No No No No No No No Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye oup oup gion nment 83.36% ch and ver tion gr e or farmer rmer gr Go Resear Fa A/NRM re tension o cer oduc ex CM pr ivate consultant or agribusiness agent eers or neighbours Landcar employed facilitator P Pr

Yes No elopment Corporation Dev

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure Land use

16.8%

0.15% 0.16%

41.3% 12.7%

0.3% 4.7%

24.2% 99.69%

Crown Land – Private – Leased Grazing Native Vegetation Crown Land – Public Industry, Residential, Services and Mining Crown Land – Public – Leased Other Crown Land – Unknown – Leased Freehold – Unknown No Data/Unknown

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: http://www.alc.org.au

Native Title and Traditional Owners Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone Gunggari People Gunggari Native Title Aboriginal Corporation 15,756.1 0.07

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Bogan Shire Council NSW Blackall Tambo Regional QLD Bourke Shire Council NSW Bulloo Shire QLD Brewarrina Shire Council NSW Longreach Regional QLD Central Darling Shire Council NSW Maranoa Regional QLD Cobar Shire Council NSW Murweh Shire QLD Unincorporated Far West NSW Paroo Shire QLD Balonne Shire QLD Quilpie Shire QLD Barcoo Shire QLD

13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 30

0 s s s y a ey ey ey re rb rb fo e +/- fo and shrublands with tussock grass tussock grassland , samphir ests and woodlands r shrubby understo tchell grass (Astrebla) woodlands and sparse a shrubby understor fo ther tussock grasslands Mi O with a grassy understor and sparse shrublands with Mulga (Acacia aneura) open Eucalyptus open woodlands shrublands +/- tussock grass Eucalyptus woodlands with ther Acacia tall open shrublands Eucalyptus low open woodlands ed chenopod Acacia (+/- low) open woodlands O Casuarina and Allocasuarina open x ther Acacia sparse shrublands with chenopods O Mi Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands Acacia (+/- low) open woodlands and shrublands +/- tussock grass Mulga (Acacia aneura) woodlands and woodlands with a shrubby understor

Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area

14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 30

0 s s s y a ey ey ey re rb rb fo e +/- fo The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification and shrublands system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and with tussock grass tussock grassland , samphir ests and woodlands r shrubby understo tchell grass (Astrebla)

woodlands and sparse distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape. a shrubby understor fo ther tussock grasslands Mi O with a grassy understor and sparse shrublands with Mulga (Acacia aneura) open Eucalyptus open woodlands shrublands +/- tussock grass Eucalyptus woodlands with Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation ther Acacia tall open shrublands Eucalyptus low open woodlands ed chenopod Acacia (+/- low) open woodlands O Casuarina and Allocasuarina open x ther Acacia sparse shrublands with chenopods distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. O Mi Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands Acacia (+/- low) open woodlands and shrublands +/- tussock grass Mulga (Acacia aneura) woodlands and woodlands with a shrubby understor The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Currawinya Lakes QLD 150864.36 (Currawinya National Park) For more information on Ramsar please refer to: Paroo River Wetlands (Peery) NSW 138191.35 http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Yantabulla Swamp (Cuttaburra Basin) NSW 83,958 1, 3, 4, 5 Paroo River Distributary Channels NSW 68,687 1, 3, 5 Lake Numalla Aggregation QLD 10,715 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lakes Bindegolly and Toomaroo QLD 9,667 1, 2, 3, 5 Lake Dartmouth Area QLD 7,040 1, 2, 3 Quilpie (Bulloo River Floodplain) Waterholes QLD 7,014 1, 2, 3 Warrego River Waterholes (Charleville-Wyandra QLD 6,983 1, 2, 3 Wyandra-Cunnamulla Claypans Aggregation QLD 6,953 1, 2, 3 Eulo Artesian Springs Supergroup QLD 6,906 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Warrego River Distributary System QLD 6,886 1, 2, 3 Lake Wombah-Kungie Lake Group QLD 6,878 1, 2, 3, 5 Paroo River Waterholes (“Caiwarro” Area) QLD 6,877 1, 2, 3, 6 Lake Wyara QLD 6,015 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Poloko Lake (Olepoloko Lake) NSW 5,099 1, 2, 3, 5 Mullawoolka Basin NSW 4,221 1, 2, 3, 5 Yammaramie Swamp NSW 3,084 1, 2, 3 Yantabangee Lake NSW 1,966 1, 2, 3, 5 Gilpoko Lake NSW 1,133 1, 3, 4, 5 Tongo Lake NSW 1,074 1, 2, 3, 5

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Currawinya National Park II QLD 154,215 0.70 Idalia National Park II QLD 135,061 0.61 Paroo-Darling National Park II NSW 134,783 0.61 Gilmore Nature Refuge VI QLD 78,798 0.36 Nocoleche Nature Reserve IA NSW 71,058 0.32 Welford National Park II QLD 68,099 0.31 Toorale State Conservation Area II NSW 53,837 0.24 Ledknapper Nature Reserve IA NSW 47,950 0.22 Paroo-Darling State Conservation Area II NSW 41,477 0.19 Jamba Indigenous Protected Area V QLD 37,940 0.17 Dhandan Duringala Rosevale Nature Refuge VI QLD 32,869 0.15 Culgoa Floodplain National Park II QLD 31,699 0.14 Toorale National Park II NSW 30,638 0.14 Mariala National Park II QLD 26,917 0.12 Gundabooka State Conservation Area II NSW 25,345 0.11 Gundabooka National Park II NSW 21,969 0.10 NRS Addition – Bowra II QLD 14,040 0.06 Gazettal in Progress Binya National Park II QLD 13,379 0.06 Culgoa National Park II NSW 13,099 0.06 Hell Hole Gorge National Park II QLD 13,067 0.06

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories Ib Wilderness Area classify protected areas according to their II National Park management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as III Natural Monument or Feature the United Nations and are utilised by many IV Habitat/Species Management Area national governments, including the Australian V Protected Landscape/ Seascape Government, as the global standard for VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources defining and recording protected areas.

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

Threatened ecological communities Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** The community of native species dependent on natural Endangered 22.3 1.12 discharge of groundwater from the Great Artesian Basin

Coolibah – Black Box Woodlands of the Darling Endangered 7.31 0.61 Riverine Plains and the Brigalow Belt South Bioregions

Brigalow Endangered 1.2 0.04 (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant)

Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Endangered 0.11 0.15 Murray-Darling Depression Bioregions

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed underThe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby Onychogalea fraenata Endangered 60.89 0.006 Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New South Wales and Phascolarctos cinereus Vulnerable 2.51 0.047 the Australian Capital Territory) Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (SA and NSW) Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Vulnerable 0.91 0.001 May be May be Julia Creek Dunnart Sminthopsis douglasi Endangered present present May be May be South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable present present May be May be Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis Vulnerable present present

Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 13.32 11.7 Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus Vulnerable 4.28 4.3 Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.36 1.7 Star Finch (eastern), Star Finch (southern) Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 0.12 0.2 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 0.08 0.1 Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 0.02 0.1 May be May be Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable present present May be May be Grey Grasswren (Bulloo) Amytornis barbatus barbatus Vulnerable present present * % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Threatened reptiles % of total % of EPBC Act (1999) migratory species Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 1.93 0.71 Plains Death Adder Acanthophis hawkei Vulnerable 0.01 0.005 May be May be Migratory birds Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable present present Common name Scientific name May be May be Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable present present Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Other threatened fauna Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii May be May be Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis present present Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Threatened flora Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata distribution* zone** None Melaleuca kunzeoides Vulnerable 100.00 0.09 White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster None Acacia ammophila Vulnerable 100.00 4.80 None Hakea maconochieana Vulnerable 97.32 4.89 Moore’s Burr-daisy Calotis moorei Endangered 39.93 0.02 None Sclerolaena walkeri Vulnerable 39.13 0.64 None Xerothamnella parvifolia Vulnerable 26.91 0.80 None Rhaphidospora bonneyana Vulnerable 25 0.30 Salt Pipewort, Button Grass Eriocaulon carsonii Endangered 12 0.04 None Atriplex infrequens Vulnerable 12.00 0.00 None Austrostipa metatoris Vulnerable 9.73 2.36 Chariot Wheels Maireana cheelii Vulnerable 5.82 0.68 Winged Pepper-cress Lepidium monoplocoides Endangered 3.56 1.59 Menindee Nightshade Solanum karsense Vulnerable 3 0.46 Needle Wattle, Dead Finish, Acacia carneorum Vulnerable 2.94 1.40 Purple-wood Wattle Ooline Cadellia pentastylis Vulnerable 2.04 0.84 Basalt Pepper-cress, Peppercress, Lepidium hyssopifolium Endangered 0.48 0.02 Rubble Pepper-cress, Pepperweed Cobar Greenhood Orchid Pterostylis cobarensis Vulnerable 0.05 0.01 May be May be Curly-bark Wattle Acacia curranii Vulnerable present present Slender Darling-pea, Slender Swainson, May be May be Swainsona murrayana Vulnerable Murray Swainson-pea present present * % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Plants Acacia ammophila Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not Plants Melaleuca kunzeoides Vulnerable n/a recorded in reserves Plants Hakea maconochieana Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Molluscs Jardinella eulo n/a Vulnerable in reserves

22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands -natural- The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve Concentrations System. of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department Environmentof Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. moreFor information please refer to: http:// www.environment. gov.au/topics/heritage/ publications-and-resources/ australian heritage-assessment-tool s n s s l e s ce ie d ude ve ra l th . rd

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23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Invasive species

Invasive mammals Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 2.88 100 Pig Sus scrofa 6.3 100 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 3.59 100 Goat Capra hircus 10.17 98.5 Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 3.98 98.4 House Mouse Mus musculus 2.32 37.3 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 2.0 15.4 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 1.18 13.2 Horse Equus caballus 0.97 6.5 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 0.43 2 Feral deer species in Australia n/a 0.33 0.6

Other invasive fauna Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** House Sparrow Passer domesticus 5.41 72.22 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 5.62 54.78 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 3.71 42.78 Cane Toad Rhinella marina 4.86 42.42 Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 0.73 3.03 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 0.75 2.41 Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 0.34 1.26 * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Parkinsonia aculeata 3.59 25.68 Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 6.13 16.43 Prickly Acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica 2.19 11.38 Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Cryptostegia grandiflora 2.16 6.63 Purple Allamanda Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.97 5.84 Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Vachellia nilotica 1.74 4.36 Black Piquant, Babul Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarix aphylla 1.06 3.38 Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 1.19 2.82 Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Parthenium hysterophorus 1.04 2.80 Carrot Grass, False Ragweed Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 5.82 1.65 Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 0.4 0.68 Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium 0.53 0.36 Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua 0.02 0.10

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Mulga (Acacia aneura) open woodlands and sparse shrublands +/- tussock grass vegetation profile

Change in extent

25.1%

22.1%

88.22% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Acacia aneura; Eucalyptus populnea; Atalaya hemiglauca; Corymbia terminalis; Eucalyptus intertexta; Grevillea striata; Corymbia aparrerinja;

Acacia stowardii; Acacia chisholmii; Eremophila bowmanii; Eremophila y

mitchellii; Eremophila gilesii; Apophyllum anomalum; Aristida -1750 Pre contorta; Aristida calycina var. praealta; Aristida ingrata; Thyridolepis esent da mitchelliana; Digitaria ammophila; Digitaria breviglumis; Cheilanthes Pr sieberi; Panicum effusum; tussock grass; forb; hummock grass; fern.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Lower total Protect Identify and Manage rubber Undertake fox and of conservation grazing pressure. fire-sensitive manage key vine (Cryptostegia rabbit eradication agreements mulga shrublands refugia and grandiflora), in key refugia, and covenants Avoid fodder from replacement wildlife habitats. mother of millions particularly on private land. over-harvesting. with fire-tolerant (Bryophyllum following major spinifex when Manage tubiflorum), rainfall events. Encourage wise implementing fire over-populations and parkinsonia water usage and regimes. Please of native species (Parkinsonia protect aquifers, seek advice from (e.g. Kangaroos). aculeata). surface waters your local NRM and overland organisation Prevent flow from on appropriate weeds from over-extraction. fire management establishing in practices. high-value refugia Protect from and wildlife soil disturbance habitat. and water flow changes caused by livestock trampling and track construction.

27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Mulga (Acacia aneura) woodlands and shrublands +/- tussock grass +/- forbs vegetation profile

Change in extent

19.6%

17.2%

87.95% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Acacia aneura; Eucalyptus populnea; Eucalyptus melanophloia; Corymbia terminalis; Eremophila gilesii; Eremophila longifolia;

Eremophila mitchellii; Thyridolepis mitchelliana; Panicum y

decompositum; Eragrostis lacunaria; Digitaria ammophila; -1750 Pre

Dodonaea adenophora; Dichanthium sericeu; Digitaria esent da hubbardii; Aristida contorta; Themeda triandra; Aristida Pr jerichoensis; tussock grass; forb; fern.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Lower total Protect Identify and Manage rubber Undertake fox and of conservation grazing pressure. fire-sensitive manage key vine (Cryptostegia rabbit eradication agreements mulga shrublands refugia and grandiflora), in key refugia, and covenants Avoid fodder from replacement wildlife habitats. mother of millions particularly on private land. over-harvesting. with fire-tolerant (Bryophyllum following major spinifex when Manage tubiflorum), rainfall events. Encourage wise implementing fire over-populations and parkinsonia water usage and regimes. Please of native species (Parkinsonia protect aquifers, seek advice from (e.g. Kangaroos). aculeata). surface waters your local NRM and overland organisation Prevent weeds flow from on appropriate from establishing over-extraction. fire management in high-value practices. refugia and Protect from wildlife habitat. soil disturbance and water flow changes caused by livestock trampling and track construction.

28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

8.7% 8.3%

94.68% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus populnea; Acacia aneura; Eucalyptus exserta; Eremophila mitchellii; Geijera parviflora; Canthium oleifolium; Aristida jerichoensis; Thyridolepis mitchelliana; y

Enteropogon acicularis; Paspalidium constrictu; -1750 Pre tussock grass; forb. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Manage grazing Encourage natural of conservation practices regeneration agreements and avoid through and covenants high-intensity fencing and stock on private land. set stocking. management.

Protect from Avoid fertiliser drift Replant selected firewood from adjacent species where harvesting. crops and no regeneration pastures. occurs. Protect paddock trees.

29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Other Acacia forests and woodlands vegetation profile

Change in extent

7.8% 7.3%

93.3% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Acacia cambagei; Acacia shirleyi; Acacia stenophylla; Senna artemisioides; Eremophila mitchellii; Chenopodium auricomum; Enchylaena tomentosa; Enteropogon acicularis; y

Chloris pectinata; Panicum decompositu; Sclerolaena -1750 Pre bicornis; Sporobolus caroli; Astrebla; Dichanthium esent da sericeum; Bothriochloa ewartiana; tussock grass; forb. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Protect from Use lopping Undertake Implement Protect known Manage sites firewood methods that replanting of fire regimes nesting sites of to prevent collection do not result understorey that protect ground dwelling introduction of (including in the death species (such chenopod shrubs birds from stock. invasive plant removal of dead of the dominant as chenopods) (e.g. saltbushes species. and fallen trees). tree species. where they have and native Allow fallen been depleted. cotton bushes). branches and Manage grassy Retain standing Use of strategic bark to remain on weeds such dead trees. grazing, and stock ground to provide as Buffel removal to allow fauna habitat. grass (Cenchrus regeneration ciliaris) and to occur. Do not remove Coolatai grass mistletoe from (Hyparrhenia acacias and hirta). eucalypts as these provide important food resources for birds and mammals.

30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Eucalyptus low open woodlands with tussock grass vegetation profile

Change in extent

6.7% 6.5%

97.63% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus coolabah; Eucalyptus exserta; Corymbia terminalis; Corymbia blakei; Lysiphyllum gilvu; Acacia salicina; Acacia stowardii; Hakea collina;

Chenopodium auricomiforme; Canthium latifolium; Muehlenbeckia florulenta; y

Digitaria ammophila; Enneapogon polyphyllus; Fimbristylis dichotoma; Astrebla -1750 Pre elymoides; Eulalia aurea; Paspalidium jubiflorum; tussock grass; forb; sedge. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Manage grazing Allow natural of conservation practices regeneration agreements including avoiding through and covenants high-intensity fencing and stock on private land. set stocking. management.

Protect from Avoid fertiliser Revegetate firewood drift from where there is harvesting. adjacent crops no evidence of and pastures. regeneration. Protect paddock trees.

31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Notes

32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands Notes

33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Mulga Shrublands ALC100.0314