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Labordia Lorenciana (Loganiaceae): a New Critically Endangered Species from Kaua’I, Hawaiian Islands with Comments on Its Conservation

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Labordia Lorenciana (Loganiaceae): a New Critically Endangered Species from Kaua’I, Hawaiian Islands with Comments on Its Conservation Systematic Botany (2007), 32(1): pp. 195–199 # Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Labordia lorenciana (Loganiaceae): A New Critically Endangered Species from Kaua’i, Hawaiian Islands with Comments on its Conservation KENNETH R. WOOD,1,4 WARREN L. WAGNER,1,2 and TIMOTHY J. MOTLEY3 1National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, Hawai’i 96741 U.S.A.; 2Department of Botany, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A.; 3The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 U.S.A. 4Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas G. Lammers ABSTRACT. Labordia lorenciana is described and illustrated from Kaua’i, Hawai’i, U.S.A. This new species most closely resembles the O’ahu endemic species Labordia kaalae C. N. Forbes, from which it differs in having leaf bases deeply cordate to auriculate, adaxial leaf surfaces puberulent, and fruit valves 25–37 mm long, and longitudinally striate. Known from only four individuals, Labordia lorenciana is amongst ca. 120 other rare Hawaiian taxa that are limited to less than 50 individuals and is currently being cultivated for conservation. KEYWORDS: conservation, Hawai’i, IUCN red list categories, Kaua’i, Labordia, Loganiaceae. Labordia Gaudich (Loganiaceae: Gentianales) is 3480 ft. [1060 m], 22u05907.40 N, 159u36938.60 one of 31 currently recognized endemic Hawaiian W, 13 Nov 1998, Wood 7592 (Holotype: PTBG; vascular plant genera restricted to the archipelago. Isotypes: AD, BISH, F, K, MO, NY, US). Fig. 1. Although Conn (1980) regarded Labordia as a sub- Differt a L. kaalae foliorum basibus profunde genus of the pacific genus Geniostoma J. R. Forster cordatis ad auriculata; fructuum valves 25–37 mm & G. Forster, morphological and cytological differ- longis et longitudiniter striates. ences indicate that they are best treated as separate Small trees, 3–4 m tall; trunk 3–7 cm diameter at genera (Gray 1859; Motley and Carr 1998; Wagner base, bark grayish brown mottled white or dark et al. 1999). Morphologically, Labordia differs from brown; stems terete, lateral branches dichotomous- Geniostoma primarily in having terminal inflores- ly branched, younger stems densely tomentose, cences, larger flowers and capsules, and corolla older stems glabrate. Leaves opposite, pinnately tubes much longer than the lobes (Conn 1980). nerved, upper surface medium green, lower Wagner et al. (1999) note that in Labordia capsules surface pale green; blade (5.52)7.5–12(216) 3 are 2–3(4)-valved, whereas in Geniostoma they are (1.82)3–5.5(27) cm, chartaceous, membranous, el- strictly 2-valved. Carr (1978), in his paper on the liptic-ovate, the juvenile leaves elliptic-lanceolate, significance of cytology in selected taxa, notes young leaves densely tomentose, at maturity upper a ploidy difference between the two groups. surface hirsute to puberulent, lower surface dense- Labordia comprises 16 species and three varieties ly tomentose, margins entire, apex acuminate and (Motley 1995; Wagner et al. 1999), with 11 species slightly falcate, base deeply cordate to auriculate, and two varieties being single island endemics and petioles (1.32)1.9–3.7 cm long; stipules interpetio- the remaining five species and one variety occur- lar, hirsute to tomentose, completely connate, ring on several islands. Three species and two forming a truncate sheath 1.5–2 mm long, usually varieties are currently listed as Federally Endan- splitting with age, adnate to the petiole at base. gered (USFWS 2003). Recent field research within Flowers functionally unisexual, plants dioecious, the northwestern canyon region of Kaua’i (i.e., inflorescence open corymbiform cyme, flowers 3– Kawai’iki Valley) has documented another new 11 in pistillate individuals and 15–34 in staminate species that is quite rare and in need of protection. plants, peduncles puberulent, weakly recurved, 20–42 mm long, elongating to 60 mm in fruit, TAXONOMIC TREATMENT pedicels puberulent, 13–32 mm long, elongating Labordia lorenciana K. R. Wood, W. L. Wagner & to 40 mm in fruit, bracts and bracteoles linear T. Motley, sp. nov. —TYPE: U. S. A. Hawaiian subulate, 1.4–2.4 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; calyx Islands, Kaua’i: Waimea District, Na Pali-Kona lobes 5–6, connate near base, imbricate, ovate- Forest Reserve, upper Kawai’iki, Mohihi- deltate, puberulent, apex acuminate, 2.0–2.7 mm Waialae Trail to Kaluahaulu Ridge and below long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide, 5 to 7 nerved, margin wind-swept rim into north facing drainage, hyaline; corolla narrowly urceolate, 5–6 lobed, 195 196 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 32 FIG. 1. A–F. Labordia lorenciana. A–D. Drawn from holotype, Wood 7592, PTBG). A. Vegatative branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Internode showing stipule. D. Leaf base, abaxial surface. E–F. Drawn from Wood 9118, PTBG. E. Dehisced capsule. F. Seeds. green, fleshy, puberulent; staminate flowers 11.5– fixed, slightly exerted; reduced female ovary of 15 mm long, the tube 10–13 mm long, 1.1–1.8 mm male flower hirtellous; pistillate flowers not seen. wide, pilose within, the lobes reflexed at anthesis, Capsules green, brown at maturity, lanceoloid to deltate-ovate, 1.4–1.7 mm long, apex acuminate to ovoid, 25–37 mm long, 2-valved, valves longitudi- acute; anthers 5–6, adnate to corolla tube, dorsi- nally striate, not keeled, apex with beak, 3.5 mm 2007] WOOD ET AL.: LABORDIA LORENCIANA FROM KAUA’I 197 Conservation Status. IUCN Red List Category: Critically Endangered. When evaluated using the IUCN criteria for endangerment (IUCN 2001, see also www. iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001), La- bordia lorenciana falls into the Critically Endangered (CR) category, which designates species facing the highest risk of extinction. Labordia lorenciana meets the IUCN criteria in having a range of less than 100 km2, an area of occupancy of less than 10 km2, is known from a single location with a continuing decline inferred for the number of mature individ- uals, a continuing decline in the quality of habitat, and a population size less than 50 mature individuals. Our formal evaluation can be summa- rized by the following IUCN hierarchical alphanu- meric numbering system of criteria and subcriteria: (CR B1ab(v) + 2ab(iii,v); D). Systematic Affinities. Labordia lorenciana falls FIG. 2. Single location for Labordia lorenciana in Kawai’iki, Kaua’i, Hawai’i. into the section Darbolia (Baill.) Sherff with branches terete, rarely angled, leaves widely long. Seeds ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, unisulcate, spaced, flowers in open, paniculate, pedunculate 2.0–3.0 mm long, 1.2–1.5 mm wide. cymes and corolla narrowly urceolate, pale green Paratypes. U.S.A. Hawaiian Islands, Kaua’i: Waimea to greenish yellow, sometimes white, the lobes District, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, upper Kawai’iki, deltate-ovate, and apex acute to acuminate Mohihi-Waialae Trail to Kaluahaulu Ridge and below (Wagner et al. 1999). Preliminary phylogenetic wind-swept rim into north facing drainage, 3480 ft. (1060 m) 22u05907.40 N, 159u36938.60 W, Wood 7603 (BISH, studies (Motley 2005) using nrDNA internal PTBG, US), Wood et al. 8872 (BISH, PTBG), Wood et al. 8873 transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data have also (PTBG), Wood et al. 8875 (BISH, PTBG, US), Wood & Perlman placed L. lorenciana as a strongly supported 9005 (PTBG), Wood & Perlman 9006 (PTBG), Wood & Perlman member of section Darbolia. Resolution among the 9007 (BISH, PTBG), Wood & Perlman 9061 (BISH, PTBG), Wood 9118 (BISH, PTBG, US). taxa of the Darbolia clade is poor; however, L. Etymology. We are pleased to name this new lorenciana sequences tend to share more similarity species for David H. Lorence, Director of Science at to the sequences of the other Kaua’i endemics. the National Tropical Botanical Garden, who has Morphologically, L. lorenciana resembles the O’ahu, made many valuable contributions to Pacific Wai’anae Mountain, endemic species L. kaalae C. botany and to the study of the large tropical Forbes in having leaves densely soft pubescent family, Rubiaceae. with bases auriculate and the Kaua’i endemic Distribution. Labordia lorenciana is known from species L. helleri Sherff in having longitudinally upper Kawai’iki Valley which lies between the striate fruit walls. However, L. kaalae lacks pubes- remote central canyon ventricles of Koai’e and cence on the adaxial leaf surface and has smaller Wai’alae, and within the Na Pali-Kona Forest capsules with transversely wrinkled fruit walls. Reserve of northwestern Kaua’i. Only a single Additionally L. lorenciana has more narrow elliptic- population of four individuals is known at 1160 m ovate to elliptic-lanceolate leaves rather than elevation. broadly elliptic leaves. L. helleri differs from L. Phenology. Flowering March to June; fruiting lorenciana in having glabrous leaves with cuneate October to November. bases and smaller capsules. KEY TO SECTION DARBOLIA (LABORDIA;LOGANIACEAE) 1. Leaves glabrous ............................................................................. 2 2. Capsule valves transversely wrinkled, corolla lobes 1.5–2.5 (24) mm long .............................. 3 2. Capsule valves longitudinally striate, corolla lobes 2–3.5 mm long, (Kaua’i) ....................... L. helleri 3. Leaf base cordate, petioles 1–3 mm long; peduncles 40–50 mm long, elongating to 70–80 mm in fruit; plants often scandent in habit, (SE Moloka’i) ............................................... L. triflora 3. Leaf base cuneate, petioles 6–22(240) mm long; peduncles 9–22 mm long, elongating to 13–25(235) mm in fruit; plants treelike in habit, (All major islands) . ....................................... L. tinifolia 198 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 32 1. Leaves hispid, hirsute, puberulent, or tomentose at least on lower surface................................. 4 4. Capsule valves transversely wrinkled, 12–20 mm long; corolla urceolate and enlarged near base; leaves broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, base weakly cordate to obliquely truncate, lower surface hispid, (Wai’anae Mts., O’ahu) ............................................................
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