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Alchemical Culture and Poetry in Early Modern England
Alchemical culture and poetry in early modern England PHILIP BALL Nature, 4–6 Crinan Street, London N1 9XW, UK There is a longstanding tradition of using alchemical imagery in poetry. It first flourished at the end of the sixteenth century, when the status of alchemy itself was revitalised in European society. Here I explain the reasons for this resurgence of the Hermetic arts, and explore how it was manifested in English culture and in particular in the literary and poetic works of the time. In 1652 the English scholar Elias Ashmole published a collection of alchemical texts called Theatrum Chymicum Britannicum, comprising ‘Several Poeticall Pieces of Our Most Famous English Philosophers’. Among the ‘chemical philosophers’ represented in the volume were the fifteenth-century alchemists Sir George Ripley and Thomas Norton – savants who, Ashmole complained, were renowned on the European continent but unduly neglected in their native country. Ashmole trained in law, but through his (second) marriage to a rich widow twenty years his senior he acquired the private means to indulge at his leisure a scholarly passion for alchemy and astrology. A Royalist by inclination, he had been forced to leave his London home during the English Civil War and had taken refuge in Oxford, the stronghold of Charles I’s forces. In 1677 he donated his impressive collection of antiquities to the University of Oxford, and the building constructed to house them became the Ashmolean, the first public museum in England. Ashmole returned to London after the civil war and began to compile the Theatrum, which was intended initially as a two-volume work. -
A Lexicon of Alchemy
A Lexicon of Alchemy by Martin Rulandus the Elder Translated by Arthur E. Waite John M. Watkins London 1893 / 1964 (250 Copies) A Lexicon of Alchemy or Alchemical Dictionary Containing a full and plain explanation of all obscure words, Hermetic subjects, and arcane phrases of Paracelsus. by Martin Rulandus Philosopher, Doctor, and Private Physician to the August Person of the Emperor. [With the Privilege of His majesty the Emperor for the space of ten years] By the care and expense of Zachariah Palthenus, Bookseller, in the Free Republic of Frankfurt. 1612 PREFACE To the Most Reverend and Most Serene Prince and Lord, The Lord Henry JULIUS, Bishop of Halberstadt, Duke of Brunswick, and Burgrave of Luna; His Lordship’s mos devout and humble servant wishes Health and Peace. In the deep considerations of the Hermetic and Paracelsian writings, that has well-nigh come to pass which of old overtook the Sons of Shem at the building of the Tower of Babel. For these, carried away by vainglory, with audacious foolhardiness to rear up a vast pile into heaven, so to secure unto themselves an immortal name, but, disordered by a confusion and multiplicity of barbarous tongues, were ingloriously forced. In like manner, the searchers of Hermetic works, deterred by the obscurity of the terms which are met with in so many places, and by the difficulty of interpreting the hieroglyphs, hold the most noble art in contempt; while others, desiring to penetrate by main force into the mysteries of the terms and subjects, endeavour to tear away the concealed truth from the folds of its coverings, but bestow all their trouble in vain, and have only the reward of the children of Shem for their incredible pain and labour. -
Remarks Upon Alchemy and the Alchemists
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/remarksuponalcheOOhitc NEW THOUGTIT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION' No. REMARKS ALCHEMY AND THE ALCHEMISTS, INDICATIXG A METHOD OF DISCOVEKI^'G THE TEUE NATURE OF HERMETIC PHILOSOPHY; A^D SHOWING THAT THE SEARCH AFTER HAD NOT FOR ITS OBJECT THE DISCOVERY OF AN AGENT FOR THE TRANSMUTATION OF METALS. BEING ALSO AS ATTEMPT TO RESCUE FROM UNDESERVED OPPROBRIUM THE REPUTATION OF A CLASS OF EXTEAORDIXARY THINKEES IN PAST AGES. ' Man shall not live by bread alone." BOSTON: CROSBY, NICHOLS, AND COMPANY, 111 Washington Street. 1857. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by Crosby, Nichols, and Company, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. cambsidge: metcalf and company, printers to the tjnrversitt. NE¥/ THOUGHT LIBRARY ASSOCIATION No. PEEFACE. ED.W. PARKER, L ittle Ruc k, Ark. It may seem superfluous in the author of the fol- lowing remarks to disclaim the purpose of re vivino- the study of Alchemy, or the method of teaching adopted by the Alchemists. Alchemical works stand related to moral and intellectual geography, some- what as the skeletons of ichthyosauri and plesio- sauri are related to geology. They are skeletons of thought in past ages. It is chiefly from this point of view that the writer of the following pages submits his opinions upon Alchemy to the public. He is convinced that the character of the Alchemists, and the object of their study, have been almost universally misconceived ; and as a matter of fact^ though of the past, he thinks it of sufficient importance to take a step in the right direction for developing the true nature of the studies of that extraordinary class of thinkers. -
Alchemylab Articles\374
Alchemical Theory The One Thing (or the Subtle Ether) Space, whether interplanetary, inner matter, or inter-organic, is filled with a subtle presence emanating from the One Thing of the universe. Later alchemists called it, as did the ancients, the subtle Ether. This primordial fluid or fabric of space pervades everything and all matter. Metal, mineral, tree, plant, animal, man; each is charged with the Ether in varying degrees. All life on the planet is charged in like manner; a world is built up in this fluid and move through a sea of it. Alchemical Ether, which some Hermeticists call the Astral Light, determines the constitution of bodies. Hardness and softness, solidity and liquidity, all depend on the relative proportion of ethereal and ponderable matter of which they me composed. The arbitrary division and classification of physical science, the whole range of physical phenomena, proceeds from the primary Ether, for science has reduced matter as we know it to nothing but Ether, which, although not solid matter, is still matter, the First Matter of the alchemists. When most of us speak of matter, of course, we usually visualize solid substance, but it has been proved by that matter is not actually solid, but merely a stress, a strain in the etheric field of time and space. The atom and the electrons and protons of which it is composed, all move in a sea of Ether, so, that in accordance with this theory of alchemy, the very air we breathe, the very bodies we inhabit, all things most likewise be moving in this sea of Ether, the parent element from which all manifestation has come. -
What Painting Is “A Truly Original Book
More praise for What Painting Is “A truly original book. It will make you look at paintings differently and think about paint differently.”—Boston Globe “ This is a novel way of considering paintings, and excitingly different from standard art criticism.”—Atlantic Monthly “The best books often introduce new worlds. What Painting Is exposes the reader to painting materials, brushstroke techniques, and alchemy of all things, in a book filled with rich descriptions and illuminating insight. Read this and you’ll never look at paintings in the same way again.”— Columbus Dispatch “ James Elkins, his academic laces untied, traces a mysterious, evocation and an utterly convincing parallel between two spirits grounded in the earth—alchemy and painting. The author is an alchemist of ideas, and a painter. His openness to the love of quicksilver and sulfur, to putrefying animal excretions, and his expertise in imprimaturas, his feeling for the mysteries of the brushstroke —all of these allow him to concoct a heady elixir.” —Roald Hoffmann, Winner of the Noble Prize in Chemistry, 1981 What Painting Is How to Think about Oil Painting, Using the Language of Alchemy James Elkins Routledge New York • London Published in 2000 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE Copyright © 1999 by Routledge All rights reserved. -
Acetone, by Johann Becker
INDEX Alchemical Manuscript Series Volume One: Triumphal Chariot of Antimony, by Basil Valentine Triumphal Chariot of Antimony by Basil Valentine is considered to be a masterpiece of chemical literature. The treatise provides important advances in the manufacture and medical action of chemical preparations, such as, metallic antimony, solutions of caustic alkali, the acetates of lead and copper, gold fulminate and other salts. Accounts of practical laboratory operations are clearly presented. Instructions in this book are noteworthy, as they provide weights and proportions, a rarity in alchemical literature. Volume Two: Golden Chain of Homer, by Anton Kirchweger, Part 1 Frater Albertus was once asked if he could only have one book on alchemy, which would it be? He answered that it would be the Golden Chain of Homer. This collection of books written by several authors and printed in various editions, was first printed in 1723. Concepts of Platonic, Mosaic, and Pythagorean philosophy provide extensive instruction in Cosmic, Cabbalistic, and laboratory Alchemical Philosophy. Volume Three: Golden Chain of Homer, by Anton Kirchweger, Part 2 Frater Albertus was once asked if he could only have one book on alchemy, which would it be? He answered that it would be the Golden Chain of Homer. This collection of books written by several authors and printed in various editions, was first printed in 1723. Concepts of Platonic, Mosaic, and Pythagorean philosophy provide extensive instruction in Cosmic, Cabbalistic, and laboratory Alchemical Philosophy. Volume Four: Complete Alchemical Writings, by Isaac Hollandus, Part 1 Complete Alchemical Writings was written by father and son Dutch adepts, both named Isaac Hollandus. -
Final Copy 2020 05 12 Leen
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Leendertz-Ford, Anna S T Title: Anatomy of Seventeenth-Century Alchemy and Chemistry General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. ANATOMY OF SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ALCHEMY AND CHEMISTRY ANNA STELLA THEODORA LEENDERTZ-FORD A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts, School of Philosophy. -
The Practical Handbook of Plant Alchemy
Practical Handbook of Plant Alchemy Manfred M. Junius Translated by Leone Muller Contents Preface V11 1 Spagyria and Spagyrics 1 2 Advice of Basilius Valentinus 23 3 The Three Philosophical Principles and the Elements 30 4 Mercury, Sulfur, and Salt in the Plant World 54 5 The Extraction of the Three Philosophi al Principles from Plants 60 1 . The Extraction of the Essential Oils, That Is, of the Volatile Sulfur 61 A. Distillation by Boiling in Water 62 B. Distillation by Means of Steam 65 C. Distillation with an Oil Separator 66 2. Mercury 69 A . Separation 70 B. Purification 72 3. Fixed Sulfur and Its Salt 86 4. Salt 93 6 The Stars 96 1. The Foundations 96 2. Stars and Medicinal Plants 101 The Sun 101 The Moon 104 CONTENTS 106 109 112 115 119 Days, Hours, and Rhythms of the Planets 122 - Pre ace 4. The Exact Horoscope as the Basis for the Works 132 7 Preparation of Spagyric Tinctures and Essences 138 1 Tinctures 138 A . Spagyric Tinctures through Cold-Maceration 140 The renewed valuation of natural healing methods in our time B. Spagyric Tinctures by Soxhlet Extraction 143 has led to a steadily growing interest in medicinal plants and their 2. Essences 146 classical-and thus also the spagyric--methods of preparation . The C. Spagyric Essences Prepared from Tinctures 147 practice of spagyrics consists in the application of alchemical, or D. Spagyric Essences from Fresh Plants through Fermentation 150 parachemical, findings and methods to the preparation of tinctures, E. Spagyric Essences from Fresh Plants through Fermentation essences, and other products from the medicinal plants at our after Addition of Fermentable Sugars 151 disposal. -
The Intellectual and Social Declines of Alchemy and Astrology, Circa 1650-1720
The intellectual and social declines of alchemy and astrology, circa 1650-1720 John Clements PhD University of York History December 2017 Abstract: By the early decades of the eighteenth century alchemy and astrology had ceased to be considered respectable or credible by elite society. Astrology had been removed from university curricula, while alchemy largely ceased to be publicly practised by the educated and respected and became regarded by those of elite status to be little more than a tool for charlatans or quacks. This thesis draws out these twin declines and considers them in parallel, focusing on trying to analyse what changed intellectually and socially within England to so dramatically alter the fates of these arts. There is a scholarly tradition which has discussed the declines of alchemy and astrology as part of a broader notion of a decline in ‘occult practices’ or ‘magic’, an idea which is often twinned with the wider notion of a ‘rise of science’. This thesis will therefore consider alchemy and astrology as connected arts, which nevertheless possessed separate identities, and then analyse these arts’ declines alongside each other. Through this process it will explore to what degree and in what ways one can describe the declines of these arts as part of one unified trend, or if one needs to interpret these declines as purely grounded in their own unique circumstances. By utilising the works of alchemical and astrological practitioners and placing the decline of these arts in a longer historical context this thesis studies what those who practised the arts considered to be their core conceptual components and will therefore analyse how these elements were changed or challenged by intellectual developments that occurred in the second half of the seventeenth century. -
The Quest for the Quintessence: the Path of Alchemy and the Golden Dawn
The Quest for the Quintessence: The Path of Alchemy and the Golden Dawn A comparison between the alchemical processes used to create the Stone of the Philosophers and the initiatory processes of the Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn used to stimulate the Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel. Included here is a suggestive inquiry into the use of alchemical principles, processes and philosophy to analyze the initiatory rituals of the O.S.O.G.D. Abstract Salt (G), that which provides structure, form and stability; Mercury (A), that which is cool, receptive and which joins all things; and Sulfur (I), that which is hot, projective and which enlivens all things... these Three Alchemical Principles are said to underlie all manifest reality. Their interweaving creates the Four Elements, themselves the philosophical building blocks of matter and energy, form and force. Concealed within them is the Seed for the Quintessence, an emergent property which includes and transcends this First Matter, and which forms the goal of both alchemical philosophers and Initiates of the Golden Dawn. This paper compares and contrasts the basic processes used by alchemists to “confect” the Stone of the Wise, the Quintessence, with the initiatory processes experienced by the Aspirant within the O.S.O.G.D. I will show that though their goals might be the same, the Path taken by each is often different. These differences serve to illuminate and clarify the meaning of each Path. 1 A Brief Description of Alchemy The Great Work of alchemy lies chiefly in the quest for a mysterious substance known as the Quintessence (from the Medieval Latin quinta essentia or “fifth essence”). -
Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermétique
DICTIONNAIRE MYTHO-HERMETIQUE DOM ANTOINE-JOSEPH PERNETY DANS LEQUEL ON TROUVE LES ALLEGORIE FABULEUSE DES POETE LES METAPHORES, LES ENIGMES ET LES TERMES BARBARES DES PHILOSOPHES HERMETIQUES EXPLIQUES. 1787 PREFACE. repaissent que d'ignorance; et je leur dirai avec Horace: Odi Jamais Science n'eut plus besoin de Dictionnaire que la prophanum. vulgus, et arceo. C'est en effet au sujet de ces Philosophie Hermétique. Ceux dans les mains de qui tombent mêmes mystères que les anciens Prêtres disaient: Procul ô les Livres faits sur cette matière, ne sauraient en soutenir la procul este prophani! lecture une demi-heure seulement; les noms barbares qu'on y Mon Traité des Fables Egyptiennes et Grecques développe une trouve, semblent vides de sens, et les termes équivoques qui partie de ces mystères. De l'obligation dans laquelle j'étais de sont placés à dessein presque dans toutes les phrases, ne parler le langage des Philosophes, il en est résulté une obscurité présentent aucun sens déterminé. Les Auteurs avertissent eux- qu'on ne peut dissiper que par une explication particulière des mêmes qu'on ne doit pas les entendre à la lettre; qu'ils ont donné termes qu'ils emploient, et des métaphores qui leur sont si mille noms à une même chose; que leurs Ouvrages ne sont familières. La forme de Dictionnaire m'a paru la meilleure, avec qu'un tissu d'énigmes, de métaphores, d'allégories, présentées d'autant plus de raison qu'il peut servir de Table raisonnée, par même sous le voile de termes ambigus, et qu'il faut se défier des les renvois que j'ai eu soin d'insérer, quand il a été question endroits qui paraissent faciles à entendre à la première lecture. -
The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE „CORNELL UNfVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 287 113 Cornell University ml Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924092287113 THE HERMETIC AND ALCHEMICAL WRITINGS OF PARACELSUS. : THE HERMETIC AND ALCHEMICAL WRITINGS OF AUREOLUS PHILIPPUS THEOPHRASTUS BOMBAST, OF HOHENHEIM, CALLED PARACELSUS THE GREAT. NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME FAITHFULLY TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH. EDITED WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL PREFACE, ELUCIDATORY NOTES, A COPIOUS HERMETIC VOCABULARY, AND INDEX, By ARTHUR EDWARD WAITE. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. HERMETIC MEDICINE and HERMETIC PHILOSOPHY. fLonbou JAME.S ELLIOTT AND CO., TEMPLE CHAMBERS, FALCON COURT, FLEET STREET, E.G. l8q4. fll TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME IL PART II. HERMETIC MEDICINE. PAGE. The Archidoxies of Theophrastus Paracelsus. Book the First: concerning the Mystery of the Microcosm ... 3 Book the Second : concerning the Separation of the Elements 10 Book the Third : on the Separation of the Elements from Metals 15 Concerning the Separation of the Elements out of Marchasites. Concerning the Separa- tion of the Elements from Stones. Concerning the Separation of the Elements from Oleaginous Substances. Concerning the Separation of the Elements in Corporeal Resins. Concerning the Separation of the Elements from Herbs. Concerning the Separation of the Elements from Fleshly Substances. The Separation of the Elements from Fishes. Con- cerning the Separation of the Elements from Watery Substances. Concerning the Separation of the Elements out of Water.