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Safety in the Supply Chain in Relation to Packing of Containers

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Safety in the Supply Chain in Relation to Packing of Containers GDFPC/2011 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Sectoral Activities Department Safety in the supply chain in relation to packing of containers Report for discussion at the Global Dialogue Forum on Safety in the Supply Chain in Relation to Packing of Containers (21–22 February 2011) Geneva, 2011 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 First published 2010 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Safety in the supply chain in relation to packing of containers / International Labour Office, Sectoral Activities Department - Geneva: ILO, 2010. ISBN 978-92-2-124226-0 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-124227-7 (web pdf) International Labour Office and Sectoral Activities Department; Global Dialogue Forum on Safety in the Supply Chain in Relation to Packing of Containers (2011, Geneva, Switzerland). Also available in French: La sécurité dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement concernant le remplissage des conteneurs, ISBN 978-92-2-224226-9, Geneva, 2010, in Spanish: Seguridad en la cadena de suministro en relación con el embalaje de los contenedores, ISBN 978-92-2-324226-8, Geneva, 2010. conference report / safety / occupational safety / cargo / container / packaging / value chains 15.06 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address, or by email: [email protected]. Visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns. Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland Contents Page Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... vii Summary ........................................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................................. xi Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. The supply chain .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Freight containers in the supply chain .......................................................................... 5 1.2. Elements in the supply chain ........................................................................................ 10 1.2.1. Consignment assembly .................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Consignment consolidation .............................................................................. 12 1.2.3. Carriage ............................................................................................................ 12 1.3. Supply chain risks ......................................................................................................... 32 2. Cargo-related incidents ................................................................................................................ 37 2.1. Rollover incidents ......................................................................................................... 37 2.2. Overweight containers .................................................................................................. 38 2.3. Concentrated loads ........................................................................................................ 41 2.4. Unsecured cargo ........................................................................................................... 42 2.5. Combinations ................................................................................................................ 44 3. Current publications ..................................................................................................................... 45 3.1. Legislation .................................................................................................................... 45 3.2. Guidelines and codes of practice .................................................................................. 46 3.3. National and international standards ............................................................................. 47 4. Analysis of incident case studies .................................................................................................. 49 5. Load distribution .......................................................................................................................... 53 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 53 5.2. Weight and mass ........................................................................................................... 53 5.3. Centre of gravity ........................................................................................................... 54 5.4 Eccentric loading (CGEL) .............................................................................................. 56 5.5. Centre of gravity height (CGH) ..................................................................................... 58 5.6. Planning ........................................................................................................................ 58 6. Cargo securing manual ten commandments ................................................................................. 61 GDFPC-R-[2011-10-0124-9]-En.doc/v2 v 7. Training ........................................................................................................................................ 62 7.1. Current training packages ............................................................................................. 62 7.2. Ease of access by organizations and workplace operators ........................................... 63 7.3. Training needs ............................................................................................................... 64 7.4. E-learning ...................................................................................................................... 65 8. Dissemination and implementation .............................................................................................. 67 8.1. Options for stakeholders ............................................................................................... 67 8.2. Options for other bodies................................................................................................ 68 Appendices I. Container types ............................................................................................................. 71 II. Rollover accidents of trailers carrying international intermodal containers ................. 74 III. Ten steps to load, stow and secure a freight container .................................................. 78 IV. Guidelines and codes of practice .................................................................................. 81 V. International and national standards ............................................................................. 85 VI. Definitions .................................................................................................................... 86 VII. Stakeholders and contributors ....................................................................................... 90 vi GDFPC-R-[2011-10-0124-9]-En.doc/v2 Acknowledgements This report has been prepared as part of the ILO’s Sectoral Activities Programme and is issued under the authority of the Director-General of the ILO. It is based on the findings of a relevant research study that was undertaken for the ILO by Mr Bill Brassington of ETS Consulting.
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