DOCSLIB.ORG

State Land Leases and Concessions in Lao PDR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State Land Leases and Concessions in Lao PDR Study on State Land Leases and Concessions in Lao PDR Land Policy Study No. 4 under LLTP II Gunda Schumann Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana Bouakham Soulivanh Somboun Kenpraseuth Khamdeng Onmanivong Khamthanh Vongphansipraseuth Chithasone Bounkhong Sponsored by: Lao-German Land Policy Development Project (German Contribution to the Lao Land Titling Project II in Lao PDR) June 2006 This study is part of a series of Land Policy Studies conducted in preparation of a coherent and comprehensive “National Land Policy Statement for Lao PDR” by 2007. The following studies have already been published in this series: No. 1: Study on Land Allocation to Individual Households in Rural Areas of Lao PDR; December 2004 Authors: Bouakham Soulivanh, Anothai Chantalasy, Phounsavat Suphida, Florian Lintzmeyer, Florian Rock No. 2: Study on Land Markets in Urban and Rural Areas of Lao PDR; March 2005 Authors: Bouakham Soulivanh, Anothai Chantalasy, Phounsavat Suphida, Florian Lintzmeyer, Florian Rock No. 3: Study on Land Tax and Fees Policy in Lao PDR; February 2006 Authors: Simon Keith, Pheuiphanh Ngaosrivathana, Bouakham Soulivanh, Onsy Phimsomphou, Chanh Denuthai 2 STATE LAND LEASES & CONCESSIONS Table of Contents Page LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................7 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................7 PART 1: ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS SECTION 1: INVESTMENT REGIME......................................................................................9 SECTION 2: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR LEASES AND CONCESSIONS ...........14 SECTION 3: CONTRACT REGIME.......................................................................................24 PART 2: RECOMMENDATIONS TO TRANSFORM STATE LAND ASSETS INTO CAPITAL SECTION 4: INVESTMENT REGIME....................................................................................33 SECTION 5: CONTRACT MANAGEMENT...........................................................................35 SECTION 6: PRICE SETTING MECHANISMS.....................................................................37 SECTION 7: MONITORING INVESTMENTS AND CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT .............39 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................42 PART 3: ANNEXES Annex 1: Terms of Reference 48 Annex 2: Approved Foreign Investment 2000-2005 51 Annex 3: Selected Revenues from State Assets 52 Annex 4: Revenues from Timber 55 Annex 5: Industrial Processing Projects 58 Annex 6: Concession Fees for Different Sectors 59 Annex 7: Draft Decree - Building Leasing and Concessions 61 Annex 8: Hydropower Projects 71 Annex 9: Mining Projects 74 Annex 10: Agriculture and Forestry Concessions 79 Annex 11: Leasing and Concessions - Five Southern Provinces 81 Annex 12: Model Lease Agreement 88 Annex 13: Model Cash Flow 96 Annex 14: Proposals on Leasing and Concession Fee Rates 97 Annex 15: Contradictory Powers by State Organisations 99 3 STATE LAND LEASES & CONCESSIONS List of Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank CPI Committee for Planning and Investment DDFI Department of Domestic and Foreign Investment DGM Department of Geology and Mining (Ministry of Industry and Handicraft) DoF Department of Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) DoL Department of Land (Ministry of Finance) DSA Department of State Assets (Ministry of Finance) DoNLUPaD Department of National Land Use Planning and Development (Prime Minister’s Office) GDP Gross Domestic Product GoL Government of Lao PDR GTZ German Technical Cooperation IPMC Investment Promotion Management Committee LD Legal Department (Ministry of Justice) LDSC State Company for Land Development and Services LLA Land Leasing Agreement LNCE Lao National Committee on Energy LPA Lao Plantation Authority MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MIH Ministry of Industry and Handicraft MPH Ministry of Public Health MoF Ministry of Finance MoJ Ministry of Justice MoT Ministry of Trade and Commerce MOU Memorandum of Understanding OSA Office of State Assets (Provincial Level) PAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office PCA Project Concession Agreement PDA Project Development Agreement PDPI Provincial Department of Planning and Investment PLO Provincial Land Office PMO Prime Minister‘s Office POC Provincial Office of Communication POE Provincial Office of Environment POI Provincial Office of Industry POT Provincial Office of Trade POTax Provincial Office of Tax SEZ Special Economic Zone An exchange rate of US$ 1 = 10,000 LAK has been applied in all conversions in this study. In May 2006, the market rate was US$ 1 = 10,100 LAK 4 STATE LAND LEASES & CONCESSIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In recent years, Lao PDR has experienced an increased demand for its main national resource, the country’s land. Vast areas of agricultural and forest land, rich in natural resources, give Lao PDR a special position compared to its neighbours. Investment in hydropower projects, mainly because of Nam Theun II, rose from US$ 5.5 million in 2004 to US$ 1,065 million in 2005, while mining, agriculture, and forestry investments peaked in 2004 accounting for US$ 312 million, decreasing to US$ 76 million in 2005. Very low earnings from state land leases and concessions indicate that GoL has not yet fully developed this income source. In 2004-2005, total revenues from state land assets amounted to US$ 7.2 representing only 0.24% of GDP. To benefit from foreign capital inflows to the greatest extent possible, a sound investment regime - regulations on entry, land tenure and contracts, market oriented mechanisms for price setting, and monitoring mechanisms – have to be in place and managed well. Without these, foreign capital inflows will remain low and impede development. Data and information gathered on the government’s investment and monitoring regimes indicate that both need improvement. Regarding entry regulations, the ‘one-stop-service’ as intended by the Law on Promotion of Foreign Investment, seems not to be designed for investments needing state land because more than three permits are required to start a business. In addition, powers to conclude lease and concession agreements in agriculture and forestry are spread among various state authorities. LDSC and LPA might further exacerbate this problem in future. Furthermore, the allocation of different ceilings (financial investment and land size) for both investment approval and leasing and concession contracts to central or local authorities do not seem to be compatible. Too restrictive ceilings like the rule on permissible land size for leases and concessions induce provinces to exceed their powers. A comprehensive land inventory is missing. Such an inventory should contain inter alia relevant data on existing lease and concession contracts and details on land that could be leased. Instead, bits and pieces of information about state land are with a number of line ministries, departments and divisions at central and local levels. Since these shortcomings slow down investment approvals, investors might have to search for suitable land on their own or to give up their investment plans in Lao PDR altogether. Model agreements meeting international leasing standards are currently available only for concessions on hydropower. Other contracts for leases and concessions using state land lack clarity and consistency. While ‘lease’ and ‘concession’ are not clearly distinguished terms, rights and obligations of both parties seem not always to be balanced. All contracts reviewed lack clear and enforceable clauses on breach of contract, compensation for damage, penalties, termination, and dispute settlement. Furthermore, concession fee rates, usage charges for natural resources, and royalties set by law are not based on supply and demand. Different approaches applied in the provinces to determine fee rates do not seem to meet market standards. Granting land free-of-charge should be restricted to joint ventures when the land offered constitutes the GoL contribution to the project, but is entirely dispensable in the case of other domestic or foreign investments because the prospect for reasonable profit is deemed to be a sufficient incentive and enterprises should not be subsidised. 5 STATE LAND LEASES & CONCESSIONS DSA and OSA, responsible for contract management, have so far not succeeded in establishing a proper filing, monitoring, and reporting system because there is a lack of communication between central and local levels (including between local divisions and departments). However, efforts to improve reporting procedures from local levels to DSA are under way. Inspection and monitoring of sites by line ministries and divisions is not conducted on a regular basis, and if so, the information is not being shared with OSA. Therefore, breaches of contractual obligations to develop the land and prevent environmental damage seem to be widespread, however, there are no arbitration or court cases pending. To increase revenues from state land leases and concessions, the study team makes the following main recommendations: • Streamline entry regulations on foreign investment (e.g. ceilings for investment approval, powers of state authorities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bamboo Handicrafts / Viengxai
    Farmer Organizations: Opportunities, Constraints and Pathways for Development Report for the Sub Working Group on Farmers and Agribusiness (SWGAB) By Adam Folkard Bountheing Virvong John G Connell Viengxai Photakhoun November, 2011 Imprint Title: Farmers Organisations: Opportunities, Challenges and Pathways for Development Year: 2011 Authors: Adam Folkard, Bountheing Virvong, John G Connell & Viengxai Photakhoun Disclaimer The views, opinions and interpretations expressed in this report are those of the authors at the time of research and writing. They should not be interpreted as representing official or unofficial views or positions of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and its officers and representatives, or any other government or non-government organizations. Report jointly produced by: Laos Extension for Agriculture Project (LEAP) and Small-scale Agro-enterprise Development in the Uplands of the Lao PDR (SADU) For Sub Working Group on Farmers and Agribusiness (SWGAB) National Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services (NAFES) Laos Extension for Agriculture Project (LEAP) P.O. Box 9159 Vientiane Lao People’s Democratic Republic Tel: +856 21 740 253 email: [email protected] www.helvetas-laos.org www.laoex.org This study was funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Executive Summary The role of Farmer Organisations (FOs) is emphasised in the new Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and GoL has recently promulgated decrees that provide a formal basis for farmer cooperatives and associations. This study was initiated by the Sub Working Group on Farmers and Agribusiness (SWGAB) with the objective to better understand existing typology of farmer organisations and possible trajectories for their role in developing the agriculture sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Vientiane Sustainable Urban Transport Project
    Initial Environmental Examination August 2014 LAO: Vientiane Sustainable Urban Transport Project Prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 July 2014) Currency unit kip (KN) KN1.00 = $0.000124 $1.00 = KN8,047.00 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADB SPS – ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 AP – affected people BRT – bus rapid transit BTEX – benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes dB(a) – A-weighted sound scale DDIS – detailed design and implementation consultant DESIA – Department of Environment and Social Impact Assessment of MONRE EA – executing agency ECC – environmental compliance certificate EIA – environmental impact assessment EHSO – environment, health and safety officer EMP – environmental management plan GRM – grievance redress mechanism IA – implementing agency IEE – initial environmental examination IMMC – Institute of Mass and Media and Culture L – length Lao PDR – Lao People’s Democratic Republic m – meter m2 – square meter mg/m3 – milligram per cubic meter MONRE – Ministry of National Resources and Environment (formerly WREA) MPWT – Ministry of Public Works and Transport NESDP – National Economic and Social Development Plan NMT – non-motorized transport
    [Show full text]
  • 05 Chalong 111-28 111 2/25/04, 1:54 PM CHALONG SOONTRAVANICH
    CONTESTING VISIONS OF THE LAO PAST i 00 Prelims i-xxix 1 2/25/04, 4:48 PM NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES NIAS Studies in Asian Topics 15. Renegotiating Local Values Merete Lie and Ragnhild Lund 16. Leadership on Java Hans Antlöv and Sven Cederroth (eds) 17. Vietnam in a Changing World Irene Nørlund, Carolyn Gates and Vu Cao Dam (eds) 18. Asian Perceptions of Nature Ole Bruun and Arne Kalland (eds) 19. Imperial Policy and Southeast Asian Nationalism Hans Antlöv and Stein Tønnesson (eds) 20. The Village Concept in the Transformation of Rural Southeast Asia Mason C. Hoadley and Christer Gunnarsson (eds) 21. Identity in Asian Literature Lisbeth Littrup (ed.) 22. Mongolia in Transition Ole Bruun and Ole Odgaard (eds) 23. Asian Forms of the Nation Stein Tønnesson and Hans Antlöv (eds) 24. The Eternal Storyteller Vibeke Børdahl (ed.) 25. Japanese Influences and Presences in Asia Marie Söderberg and Ian Reader (eds) 26. Muslim Diversity Leif Manger (ed.) 27. Women and Households in Indonesia Juliette Koning, Marleen Nolten, Janet Rodenburg and Ratna Saptari (eds) 28. The House in Southeast Asia Stephen Sparkes and Signe Howell (eds) 29. Rethinking Development in East Asia Pietro P. Masina (ed.) 30. Coming of Age in South and Southeast Asia Lenore Manderson and Pranee Liamputtong (eds) 31. Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945 Li Narangoa and Robert Cribb (eds) 32. Contesting Visions of the Lao Past Christopher E. Goscha and Søren Ivarsson (eds) ii 00 Prelims i-xxix 2 2/25/04, 4:48 PM CONTESTING VISIONS OF THE LAO PAST LAO HISTORIOGRAPHY AT THE CROSSROADS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER E.
    [Show full text]
  • GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
    Social Monitoring Report Project Number: 40190-023 Semi-Annual Report July 2020 Lao PDR: GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project Prepared by Department of Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Planning and Cooperation GMS: Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project ADB-Grant No.0316-LAO (SF) Loan No. 2936-LAO (SF) FINAL Post-Resettlement Evaluation Report: External Safeguards Monitoring Report Submitted to the National Project Coordination Office 3 December 2019 Revised: July 2020 Anthony M. Zola International Social Safeguard and Resettlement External Monitoring Specialist 1 Table of contents Page List of acronyms and abbreviations 3 Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 6 2. Findings of the Final External Safeguards Monitoring Report 10 3. Assessment of implementation of corrective action plans 12 4. Strengths and weaknesses of the PMU’s capacity to do Social 18 Safeguards and Requirements 5.
    [Show full text]
  • POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2018 FLOODS, LAO PDR Front Cover: Disaster-Affected Family in Sanamxay, Attapeu, August-September 2018
    POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2018 FLOODS, LAO PDR Front cover: Disaster-affected family in Sanamxay, Attapeu, August-September 2018. Photo credit: UNFPA Disclaimer: This report summarizes the findings of the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment that took place between September 24 and October 19, 2018. The report is based on national data as of October 2018 gathered during the assessment. Published and dated: Government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic, December 2018. PREPARED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC FACILITATED BY WITH FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FROM Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms v ບບບບບForeword vii Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION 6 Disaster Risk Profile of Lao PDR 7 Socioeconomic Context of Lao PDR 8 Description of 2018 Disaster 8 Government and Humanitarian Response 9 Assessment Methodology 10 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 11 Macroeconomic Impact 12 Human Development Impacts 22 DAMAGE, LOSSES, AND NEEDS 34 SOCIAL SECTORS 34 Housing and Settlements 35 Education 43 Health and Nutrition 51 Culture 56 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS 64 Agriculture 65 Tourism 76 Industry and Commerce 83 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS 88 Transport 89 Waterways 97 Water Supply and Sanitation 103 Electricity 109 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 114 Disaster Risk Management, Environment, and Climate Change Adaptation 115 Governance 124 Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) 128 DISASTER RECOVERY FRAMEWORK 132 Way Forward: A Disaster Recovery Framework 133 ANNEX 142 Annex 1 — Map of Lao PDR 142 i Table List Table 1 — Summary of the Damage and Losses (billion
    [Show full text]
  • Thammasat Institute of Area Studies (TIARA), Thammasat University
    No. 06/ 2017 Thammasat Institute of Area Studies WORKING PAPER SERIES 2017 Regional Distribution of Foreign Investment in Lao PDR Chanthida Ratanavong December, 2017 THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY PAPER NO. 09 / 2017 Thammasat Institute of Area Studies, Thammasat University Working Paper Series 2017 Regional Distribution of Foreign Investment in Lao PDR Chanthida Ratanavong Thammasat Institute of Area Studies, Thammasat University 99 Moo 18 Khlongnueng Sub District, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand ©2017 by Chanthida Ratanavong. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit including © notice, is given to the source. This publication of Working Paper Series is part of Master of Arts in Asia-Pacific Studies Program, Thammasat Institute of Area Studies (TIARA), Thammasat University. The view expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Institute. For more information, please contact Academic Support Unit, Thammasat Institute of Area Studies (TIARA), Patumthani, Thailand Telephone: +02 696 6605 Fax: + 66 2 564-2849 Email: [email protected] Language Editors: Mr Mohammad Zaidul Anwar Bin Haji Mohamad Kasim Ms. Thanyawee Chuanchuen TIARA Working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. Comments on this paper should be sent to the author of the paper, Ms. Chanthida Ratanavong, Email: [email protected] Or Academic Support Unit (ASU), Thammasat Institute of Area Studies, Thammasat University Abstract The surge of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered to be significant in supporting economic development in Laos, of which, most of the investments are concentrated in Vientiane.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seventh Five-Year National Socio- Economic Development Plan (2011-2015)
    LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY The Seventh Five-year National Socio- Economic Development Plan (2011-2015) (Full Version) (The initial session of the Seventh National Assembly, during June 15-24, 2011, at National Assembly, Vientiane Capital) Ministry of Planning and Investment Vientiane, October 7, 2011 1 TABLE OF CONTENT PREAMBLE .......................................................................................................................................... 8 PART ONE: EVALUATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FIVE‐YEAR SOCIO‐ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN VI (2006‐2010) .............................................................................................. 10 I. GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 10 1.Global and regional environment ......................................................................................... 10 [1]. Advantages ................................................................................................................... 11 [2]. Challenges and constraints ........................................................................................... 11 2. National environment .......................................................................................................... 11 [1]. Advantages ................................................................................................................. 12 [2]. Challenges and constraints .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Champasak Province
    - 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 9 Investment Opportunities in LAOS CHAMPASAK PROVINCE Champasak Province Sky-rocketing FDIs since 2000 Untapped business potentials Strategic Location “The emerging Resource rich – low cost investment destina- Attractive Incentives tion in South East One Stop Shop Service Unit Asia” Conducive Investment Climate TABLE of CONTENTS Welcoming Address by the Governor 3 Champasak Province: Dynamism and Profile of the Local Economy 4 Geographic Location & Economic Data 5 Investment Climate 6 Foreign Direct Investment 7 Economic Map of Champasak Province 8 Foreign and Domestic Investment Calling List 9 Priority Investment Areas: Tourism, Agri-Business, Industry 12 Investment Incentives 16 Overview of Facilities and Costs 17 Human Resources 19 Financial Services 21 22 Quality of Life Official Agencies in Champasak Province 23 Welcoming Address by the Governor of Champasak Province s a result of the implementation of the socio-economic development A plan in the fiscal year 2007/2008, Champasak Province has seen an over- all increasing trend: Estimated income per capita rose from US$ 606 in 2006/2007 to US$ 730 in 2007/2008. At provincial level, poverty rate remains at 5% of a total of 107,092 families. In addition the GDP growth rate over the last ten years is very promising. Macro-economic indicators, embracing government‘s policies and objectives - have accomplished a considerable satisfactory level. Governor of Champasak Province Champasak Province authority in particular works hard to reduce poverty and to improve livelihood in rural areas. Provincial leaders together with departments, committees and relevant sectors, as well as the central government bodies, have put all their efforts in seeking additional funds for the provincial budget and utilizing all means for in- vestments into some fundamental infrastructures.
    [Show full text]
  • Efl Instruction at the Lycee De Vientiane, 1973-1974
    76-9952 COHEN, David Nathan, 1946- EFL INSTRUCTION AT THE LYCEE DE VIENTIANE, 1973-1974. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1975 Education, language and languages Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 @ 1976 DAVID NATHAN COHEN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. EFL INSTRUCTION AT THE LYCEE DE VIENTIANE, 1973-1974 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Foreign Language Education The College of Education The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio by David Nathan Cohen, B.A., M.A * * * * * * The Ohio State University 1975 Approved by Reading Committee: Donald R. Bateman Franklin Buchanan Chairman, Dissertation Frederic Cadora Preparation/Presentation Committee ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The financial support that I received from the United States Government as a Fulbright Teacher of English as a Foreign Language at the Lycee de Vientiane in the Kingdom of Laos for the academic year 1973-1974 enabled me to research this dissertation. While recognizing the important contributions of many people in Laos who helped me to gather and to integrate information for this study, I note here the singular assistance of Mr. Norman Green, Chief of the Education Division of USAID/LAOS. He willingly opened USAID/EDUCATION materials to my review, answered many questions, and, through his com­ prehensive understanding of both past and present USAID/EDUCATION projects, brought me to a working level of well-informedness on the subject of education in Laos. Portions of this manuscript were read by many educators. I am especially appreciative of the revisions suggested by my colleagues in Laos who read Chapters 1-3: Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Agrarian Transition in Lowland Southern Laos: Implications for Rural Livelihoods
    Agrarian Transition in Lowland Southern Laos: Implications for Rural Livelihoods Vongpaphane Manivong BSc (Economics) MPhil (Agricultural Economics) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Abstract Despite being a low-income, agriculture-based country with a subsistence orientation, Laos is in the early stages of a major economic transformation whereby rural households have been experiencing rapid change in their farming and livelihood systems. Some households have begun to engage in semi-commercial farming while others have adopted labour-oriented or migration- oriented livelihood strategies. This study explores livelihood strategies of rural households in lowland rice-based farming systems in Southern Laos in relation to government policies for agricultural development and the agrarian transition occurring in Laos and the region. The analytical framework used for this study draws on farming systems economics, agrarian systems analysis, and rural livelihoods analysis. Data were obtained from six villages in the lowlands of Champasak Province in Southern Laos through key informant interviews, village group discussions, household surveys, and household case studies. Survey and case study data were supplemented with project and historical agronomic trial results in order to construct model budgets for various input scenarios of rice production. To allow for the production and market risks facing farmers, the budgeting analysis was supplemented by the techniques of sensitivity analysis, threshold analysis, and risk analysis. The study shows that Lao farmers in areas such as the lowlands of Champasak are caught up in, and contributing to, a much larger regional process of agrarian transition.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Laos, the Land in Between
    Laos—PAGES 12/4/02 2:10 PM Page i Laos—PAGES 12/4/02 2:10 PM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An introductory history, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent past, uncertain future, published in 2000. Laos—PAGES 12/4/02 2:10 PM Page iii Laos—PAGES 12/4/02 2:10 PM Page iv First published in 2002 Copyright © Grant Evans 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Evans, Grant, 1948– . A short history of Laos : the land in between.
    [Show full text]
  • Laos Im 20. Jahrhundert: Kolonie Und Königreich, Befreite Zone Und Volksrepublik
    Hurnboldt-Universität zu Berlin Philosophische Fakultät III Institut fiir Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften Südostasien Working Papers Andreas Schneider Laos im 20. Jahrhundert: Kolonie und Königreich, Befreite Zone und Volksrepublik. No. 21 Berlin 2001 Andreas Schneider Laos im 20. Jahrhundert: Kolonie und Königreich, Befreite Zone und Volksrepublik. Berlin 2001 SÜDOSTASIEN Working Papers, ISSN: 1432-2811, are published by the Department of Southeast Asian Studies ofHumboldt-University, Berlin. The Working Papers do not necessarily express the views of the editors or the Institute of Asian and African Studies. Although the editors are responsible for their selection, responsibility for the opinions expressed in the Papers rests with the authors. Any kind ofreproduction without permission is prohibited. I Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I Verzeichnis der Tabellen, Abbildungen und Anlagen 2 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 3 Vorbemerkungen 5 KURZE HISTORISCHE EINFÜHRUNG 6 1. LAOS VON 1893 BIS ZUM ZWEITEN WELTKRIEG 13 1.1 LAOS ALS TEIL VON FRANZÖSISCH-INooCHlNA 13 1.1.1 Kolonie oder Protektorat? 13 1.1.2 Die französische Kolonialpolitik - 1893 bis 1945 15 2. DIE ENTWICKLUNG VOM ZWEITEN WELTKRIEG BIS 1954 IN LAOS .. ...30 2.1 DAS NATIONALE ERWACHEN UND DAS STREBEN NACH UNABHÄNGIGKEIT - INNERE UND ÄUßERE FAKTOREN. 30 2.2 DIE WURZELN DER LAOTISCHEN REVOLUTIONÄREN VOLKSPARTEI 39 2.3 DIE HISTORISCHE ENTWICKLUNG VON 1945 BIS 1954 45 2.3.1 Die zeitweilige Unabhängigkeit von Frankreich 45 2.3.2 Die Rückkehr der Franzosen und die Rekolonialisierung 49 2.3.3 Die Spaltung und Auflösung der Exilregierung Freies Laos 51 2.3.4 Der antifranzösische Widerstand und die Front Freies Laos 55 3. ZWISCHEN TEILUNG UND WIEDERVEREINIGUNG - LAOS VON 1954 BIS 1975....
    [Show full text]