DOCSLIB.ORG

English and French in 2012, at High (10,000$) but Internationally Competitive Fees

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
English and French in 2012, at High (10,000$) but Internationally Competitive Fees Accumulation, Competition, and Connectivity and Competition, Accumulation, Armenia of Republic 76827-AM No. Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank World Document ofthe Asia Region Europe andCentral Reduction andEconomicManagementUnit Poverty April 2013 Accumulation, Competition,andConnectivity Republic of Armenia Report No.76827-AM CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate as of April 16, 2013) Currency Unit Armenian Dram US$1.00 416.90 AMD Weights and Measures: Metric System ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACRA Accounting and Corporate Regulatory ILCS Integrated Living Conditions Survey Authority ILO International Labor Organization ADB Asian Development Bank IMF International Monetary Fund AEA Armavia and Atlantis European Airways IT Information Technology ASA Air Service Agreement ITES IT-Enabled Services AMD Armenian Dram LRI Location Readiness Index ASM Average Seat Miles MNC Multinational Corporation AUA American University of Armenia MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise BEEPS Business Environment and Enterprise NGO Non-governmental Organization Performance Survey NSRC North-South Road Corridor CBA Central Bank of Armenia NSS National Statistical Service CIS Commonwealth Independent State OECD Organization for Economic Development CPI Consumer Price Index PER Public Expenditure Review CSA Czech Airlines PES Armenia’s Public Employment Services DSA Debt Sustainability Analysis PPP Public Private Partnership ECA Europe and Central Asia PMR Product Market Regulations ECF Extended Credit Facility PSRC Public Service Regulatory Commission EFF Extended Fund Facility R&D Research and Development EIF Enterprise Incubator foundation SCPEC State Commission for the Protection of EU European Union Competition FBP Family Benefit Program SRC State Revenue Commission FDI Foreign Direct Investment SME Small and Medium Enterprise GCI Global Competitiveness Index SOE State-owned enterprises GDCA General Department of Civil Aviation USAID United States Agency for International GDP Gross Domestic Product Development IFS International Financial Statistics USD US dollar ICT Information and Communication Technology VAT Value Added Tax IDA International Development Association WTO World Trade Organization Vice President: Philippe Le Houérou Country Director: Henry Kerali Sector Director: Yvonne Tsikata Sector Manager: Ivailo Izvorski Task Team Leaders: Ulrich Bartsch, Souleymane Coulibaly TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... VII A. Armenia’s New Growth Model ................................................................................................................. viii B. Higher Investment, and Better Financial Intermediation ..............................................................................ix C. Better Use of Human Resources ...................................................................................................................xi D. Enhancing Competition in Armenia’s Markets ......................................................................................... xiii E. Improving Land Connectivity ................................................................................................................. xviii F. Improving Air Connectivity ....................................................................................................................... xix G. Improving Internet and Communication Technology (ICT) ...................................................................... xxi H. Previous Growth Studies .......................................................................................................................... xxii I. Overview ................................................................................................................................................. xxiii 1. MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND OUTLOOK ............................................................................ 1 A. Economic Growth Before the Global Financial Crisis .................................................................................. 1 B. The Global Economic Crisis and Armenia’s Recovery 2009-12 ................................................................... 5 C. Macroeconomic Outlook ............................................................................................................................... 8 2. SAVING, INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION ............................................................... 11 A. Determinants of Aggregate Private Saving ................................................................................................. 11 B. Microeconomic Determinants of Household Saving ................................................................................... 14 C. Financial Sector Development ..................................................................................................................... 15 D. Foreign Direct Investment ........................................................................................................................... 22 E. Policy Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 27 3. HUMAN RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................................... 31 A. Labor Market Trends ................................................................................................................................... 31 B. Challenges to Armenia’s Labor Market ..................................................................................................... 35 C. Policy Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 39 D. Promoting Diaspora Engagement ................................................................................................................ 39 4. COMPETITION ................................................................................................................................................. 47 A. Competition Indicators ................................................................................................................................ 48 B. Barriers to Competition in Key Economic Sectors ...................................................................................... 50 C. Sector Case Study: Prices of Food Products ................................................................................................ 53 D. The Competition Policy Framework ........................................................................................................... 57 E. Policy Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 67 5. LAND CONNECTIVITY ................................................................................................................................... 69 A. the Transit Situation .................................................................................................................................... 70 B. Comparison of Road Transit Options .......................................................................................................... 71 C. Logistics and Trucking Services .................................................................................................................. 74 D. Policy Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 75 6. AIR CONNECTIVITY ....................................................................................................................................... 77 A. Institutional Set-up ...................................................................................................................................... 77 B. Business Environment ................................................................................................................................. 78 C. Benchmarking Armenia’s Air Connectivity ................................................................................................ 79 D. Likely Impacts of Liberalization ................................................................................................................. 88 E. Policy Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 90 7. INTERNET AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ................................................................. 103 A. The IT-based Services Industry in Armenia .............................................................................................. 103 B. Policy Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 108 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 111 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Price Differences for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Armenian Robert L
    JULY 26, 2014 MirTHErARoMENr IAN -Spe ctator Volume LXXXV, NO. 2, Issue 4345 $ 2.00 NEWS IN BRIEF The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 Armenia Inaugurates AREAL Linear Christians Flee Mosul en Masse Accelerator BAGHDAD (AP) — The message played array of other Sunni militants captured the a mobile number just in case we are offend - YEREVAN (Public Radio of Armenia) — The over loudspeakers gave the Christians of city on June 10 — the opening move in the ed by anybody,” Sahir Yahya, a Christian Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Iraq’s second-largest city until midday insurgents’ blitz across northern and west - and government employee from Mosul, said Laboratory (AREAL) linear accelerator was inau - Saturday to make a choice: convert to ern Iraq. As a religious minority, Christians Saturday. “This changed two days ago. The gurated this week at the Center for Islam, pay a tax or face death. were wary of how they would be treated by Islamic State people revealed their true sav - the Advancement of Natural Discoveries By the time the deadline imposed by the hardline Islamic militants. age nature and intention.” using Light Emission (CANDLE) Synchrotron Islamic State extremist group expired, the Yahya fled with her husband and two Research Institute in Yerevan. vast majority of Christians in Mosul had sons on Friday morning to the town of The modern accelerator is an exceptional and made their decision. They fled. Qaraqoush, where they have found tempo - huge asset, CANDLE’s Executive Director Vasily They clambered into cars — children, par - Most of Mosul’s remaining Christians rary lodging at a monastery.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Depth Review of the Investment Climate and Market Structure in the Energy Sector of the REPUBLIC of ARMENIA
    In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 In-depth review of the investment climate and market structure in the energy sector of THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 22 January 2015 About the Energy Charter The Energy Charter Secretariat is the permanent office based in Brussels supporting the Energy Charter Conference in the implementation of the Energy Charter Treaty. The Energy Charter Treaty and the Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects were signed in December 1994 and entered into legal force in April 1998. To date, the Treaty has been signed or acceded to by fifty-two states, the European Community and Euratom (the total number of its members is therefore fifty-four). The fundamental aim of the Energy Charter Treaty is to strengthen the rule of law on energy issues, by creating a level playing field of rules to be observed by all participating governments, thereby mitigating risks associated with energy-related investment and trade. In a world of increasing interdependence between net exporters of energy and net importers, it is widely recognised that multilateral rules can provide a more balanced and efficient framework for international cooperation than is offered by bilateral agreements alone or by non-legislative instruments. The Energy Charter Treaty therefore plays an important role as part of an international effort to build a legal foundation for energy security, based on the principles of open, competitive markets and sustainable development. The Treaty was developed on the basis of the 1991 Energy Charter.
    [Show full text]
  • Zvartnots Airport Expansion Project (Phase 2) (Armenia)
    Extended Annual Review Report Project Number: 43922 Investment/Loan Number: 7308/2620 October 2013 Loan Zvartnots Airport Expansion Project (Phase 2) (Armenia) In accordance with ADB’s public communication policy (PCP, 2011), this extended annual review report excludes information referred to in paragraph 67 of the PCP. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – dram (AMD) At Appraisal At Project Completion 13 February 2010 30 August 2012 AMD1.00 – $0.00262 $0.00244 $1.00 – AMD381.50 AMD409.36 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIA – Armenia International Airports AmIA – American International Airports DEG – Deutsche Investitions-und Entwicklungsgesellchaft EAP – environmental action plan EBITDA – earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECG – Evaluation Cooperation Group EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EROIC – economic return on invested capital ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization IEE – initial environmental examination OSPF – Office of the Special Project Facilitator RAP – resettlement action plan ROIC – return on invested capital RRP – report and recommendation of the President WACC – weighted average cost of capital ZIA – Zvartnots International Airport NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Armenia ends on 31 December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2010 ends on 31 December 2010. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President L. Venkatachalam, Private Sector and Cofinancing Operations Director General T. Freeland, Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) Director M. Barrow, Infrastructure Finance Division 1, PSOD Team leader E. Gregori, Unit Head, Project Administration, PSOD Team member s H. Cruda, Senior Safeguards Specialist, PSOD S.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission Implementing Regulation (EU)
    L 194/22 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union 2.6.2021 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2021/883 of 1 June 2021 amending Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 as regards the list of air carriers banned from operating or subject to operational restrictions within the Union (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 2111/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2005 on the establishment of a Community list of air carriers subject to an operating ban within the Community and on informing air transport passengers of the identity of the operating carrier, and repealing Article 9 of Directive 2004/36/CE (1), and in particular Article 4(2) thereof, Whereas: (1) Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 (2) establishes the list of air carriers, which are subject to an operating ban within the Union. (2) Certain Member States and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (‘the Agency’) communicated to the Commission, pursuant to Article 4(3) of Regulation (EC) No 2111/2005, information that is relevant for updating that list. Third countries and international organisations also provided relevant information. The information provided contributes to the determination that the list should be updated. (3) The Commission informed all air carriers concerned, either directly or through the authorities responsible for their regulatory oversight, about the essential facts and considerations which would form the basis of a decision to impose an operating ban on them within the Union or to modify the conditions of an operating ban imposed on an air carrier, which is included in the list in Annex A or B to Regulation (EC) No 474/2006.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prospects for Wine Tourism As a Tool for Rural Development in Armenia – the Case of Vayots Dzor Marz1
    The Prospetcs for Wine Tourism as a Tool for ... _________________________________________________________________________ Прегледни рад Економика пољопривреде Број 4/2011. УДК: 338.48-6:642(470.62/.67) THE PROSPECTS FOR WINE TOURISM AS A TOOL FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ARMENIA – THE CASE OF VAYOTS DZOR MARZ1 A. Harutjunjan2, Margaret Loseby3 Abstract. The paper examines the prospective role which wine tourism could play in the rural and in the much needed overall economic development of Armenia. It begins with a brief description of the antique origin and the present economic situation of the wine sector in Armenia, followed by a description of recent trends in the tourist sector as a whole in Armenia. The particular features of wine tourism are examined in relation to Armenia and to other wine producing countries. Attention is then concentrated on a specific region of Armenia, Vayots Dzor, which is particularly important for wine production, and is also endowed with historical monuments with great potential for the development of tourism. The case of one particular village is illustrated in some detail in order to indicate how tourism in general, and specifically wine tourism could be developed for the benefit of the rural community. The paper concludes by outlining a strategy to be followed to achieve the growth of the sector. Key words: Wine industry, tourism, cultural heritage, rural development, wine tourism 1. Introduction Grape cultivation is believed to have originated in Armenia near the Caspian Sea, from where it seems to have spread westward to Europe and Eastward to Iran and Afghanistan (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized RECENT ECONOMIC AND The 12-month food price index was 6.1 percent in SECTORAL December 2011, as compared to 15.2 percent a year ago. The food prices, however, continued being the DEVELOPMENTS major driver for inflation, contributing around 2.9 percentage points to the overall price increase. Price Growth Performance environment remained favorable over the first two months of 2012, with 0.9 percent of monthly The economy has continued to recover in 2011, deflation in February, which brought 12-month led by the mining and agriculture sectors. inflation down to 3.0 percent, as compared to 11.8 Economic growth (in year-on-year terms) picked percent in the same period a year before. up gradually from 2.1 percent in 2010 to 4.6 percent in 2011. Industry contributed more than Figure 2: Inflation returned to the target band half of the economic growth driven mainly by the (Actual inflation and the target bounds, %) mining sector and, to a lesser extent, agro- 14 industries. The industrial output surpassed the level of December 2008 (in the pre crisis period) by 17.5 12 percent. Agriculture also contributed 8.1 10 percentage points to the growth in the third 8 quarter. Continuing contraction in the construction 6 sector, however, partly offset these achievements. 4 2 Figure 1: Economic growth and sectoral 0 contributions 08 09 10 11 12 08 09 11 10 08 10 11 09 09 10 11 08 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Share in GDP and real GDP growth, %) - Jul Jul Jul Jul Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Oct Oct Oct Oct Apr Apr Apr Apr 20 20.0 Lower bound (2.5%) Upper bound (5.5 %) CPI YoY 15 15.0 10 10.0 5 5.0 0 0.0 Improving the inflation outlook allowed -5 -5.0 -10 -10.0 loosening monetary policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Airlines and Subsidy: Our Position ¬
    Airlines and subsidy: our position ¬ Myth Airline subsidies are a “Gulf” problem FACT Market-distorting subsidies and government support are sadly present in every world region Myth Emirates is subsidised FACT Completely unsubsidised. We campaign against airline subsidies Myth Emirates accesses cheap or free fuel FACT False. We buy fuel from BP, Shell and Chevron in Dubai and worldwide at market rates Myth US and European airlines received support decades ago but are now subsidy-free FACT Bankruptcy protection and government bailouts continue to exist Airlines and subsidy: our position ¬ We understand that despite no evidence, an oft repeated myth can ultimately be accepted as conventional wisdom. In this document you will find our views on subsidy in the airline industry, thorough explanations about Emirates’ business model and our response to misrepresentations that have been levelled against us - from claims about subsidised fuel, financial support and staff conditions to environmental regulation and airport charges. Emirates believes: • A common set of transparent financial reporting metrics to measure and apply against all international carriers should be determined by IATA and ICAO on what defines a subsidy. • Governments should not provide injections, borrowings or financing to airlines, regardless of shareholding status. • All governments should pursue liberalisation and open skies with the objective to end the greatest subsidy of all – aero-political protection. Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline 1 Contents ¬ Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • The Aviation & Space Journal Year XIII No 2 April
    ALMA MATER STUDIORUM APRIL/JUNE 2014 YEAR XIII N° 2 The Aviation & Space Journal CONTENTS Aviation Editor Consolidation in Europe’s Airline Industry - Anna Masutti the Role of the EU Competition Watchdog Stephan Simon p.2 Board of Editors Vincent Correia The new European Commission Guidelines for State aid to airports Liu Hao and airlines Stephan Hobe Davide Grespan p.10 Pietro Manzini Pablo Mendes de Leon The Regulation of Personal Injuries in International Carriage by Wolf Müller-Rostin Suborbital Vehicles under Air Law Alessio Quaranta Benjamyn Ian Scott p.20 Benito Pagnanelli Franco Persiani Space Alfredo Roma Isro’s Space Journey Kai-Uwe Schrogl Ajey Lele p.33 Greta Tellarini Leopoldo Tullio Miscellaneous material of interest Stefano Zunarelli Opening the aviation market to the civil use of remotely piloted aircraft sys- tems in a safe and sustainable manner The Issue’s Alfredo Roma p.37 Contributors: Adeliana Carpineta Noise pollution at airports: European Parliament Resolution Isabella Colucci Doriano Ricciutelli p.40 Francesca Grassi Davide Grespan State aid: green light to the financial support granted to Verona and Alessandra Laconi Brescia airports; Long haul flights will not be subjected to the application Ajey Lele of the EU-ETS until 2017; Italy: new application provisions concerning Doriano Ricciutelli taxes, charges and fees whose non-payment prevent the departure of the Alfredo Roma flight; Alitalia and Etihad confirm 49% stake deal Benjamyn Ian Scott Alessandra Laconi p.41 Stephan Simon Forthcoming Events (ALIAS Conference – Florence, October 1-2, 2014) Legal and Social Impact of Automated Systems in Aviation p.45 E-mail: [email protected] Registrazione presso il tribunale di Bologna n.
    [Show full text]
  • CLR Review Independent Evaluation Group
    CLR Review Independent Evaluation Group 1. CAS/CPS Data Country: Armenia CAS/CPS Year: FY14 CAS/CPS Period: FY14 – FY17 CLR Period: FY14 – FY18 Date of this review: March 18, 2019 2. Ratings CLR Rating IEG Rating Development Outcome: Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory World Bank Group Performance: Good Good 3. Executive Summary i. Armenia is a lower middle-income country with a GNI per capita of $3,990 in 2017. It is a small and landlocked economy with borders closed with Azerbaijan and Turkey as a result of the unsettled Nagorno-Karabakh conflict1. It faces significant trading costs while trade accounts for 75.7 percent of GDP (2016). As a result of the 2014/15 Russian crisis and the slump in metal export prices through 2016, Armenia’s annual GDP growth declined from 4.3 percent during 2009- 13 to 3.6 percent during 2014-17, even though this growth reflects a sharp rebound to 7.5 percent in 2017. Slower growth and increased unemployment slowed progress in poverty reduction. Unemployment increased from 16.2 percent in 2013 to 18.3 percent in 2015, where it remained through 2017. After declining from 35.8 percent in 2010 to 30.0 percent in 2014, the headcount poverty ratio changed little through 2016. Income inequality (the Gini coefficient) also changed little, from 31.5 in 2013 to 32.5 in 2016. During the CPS period, broader measures in social conditions improved slightly. Armenia’s Human Development Index improved from 0.729 in 2010 (76th among 169 countries) to 0.755 in 2017 (83th among 189 countries).
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Soon After Armenia's Independence In
    WT/TPR/S/228 Trade Policy Review Page 56 VI. TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR (1) AGRICULTURE 1. Soon after Armenia's independence in September 1991, 864 collective and state farms were privatized and about 321,000 private farms created.1 By 2006 the number of private farms had increased to about 340,000, as more public land was privatized by open tender. Farms are not only small in size (the average is about 1.4 ha), they are also fragmented, with about 1,200,000 parcels of land shared among the 340,000 farms. The size varies considerably from 0.62 ha in the irrigated Ararat Marz to 3.8 ha in the extensive crop and livestock raising Syunik Marz. If agriculture is to develop further, farms and holdings will need to be consolidated in order to achieve economies of scale. A major impediment to consolidation and a functioning land market was poor registration of land parcels and the issuance of titles. During the review period, a project sponsored by the World Bank and supported by other donors has greatly improved this situation, and most land parcels have now been surveyed and registered, and titles have been issued.2 2. Agriculture contributed an average of 18.8% to Armenia's GDP during 2004-08, and made up about 46% of employment (Chapter I(1)). However, in addition to the problems associated with farm structure, the growth and competitiveness of the sector is restricted by various topographic and climatic factors; for example, most of the land is at an altitude of over 1,000 metres; and over two thirds is on slopes of 6º or more.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia ARMENIA
    Armenia I.H.T. Visa: required by all. ARMENIA Duty Free: permitted goods: 400 cigaretters, 1 bottle of alcoholic beverages, a reasonable quantity of perfume for personal use, other goods up to the amount of US$500, for personal use only. Health: typhoid and polio special precautions. All water should be regarded as potentially contaminated HOTELS●MOTELS●INNS GYUMRI HOTEL ARAKS, 31 Gorki str., Gyumri, Republic of Armenia, 377501, tel: (+374312) 2-44-35 , www.arakshotel.am , email: [email protected] YEREVAN ANI PLAZA HOTEL, 19 Sayat Nova Ave, Yerevan, Yerevan 375001, Armenia,+374 10589500, [email protected] ,www.anihotel.com ARARAT HOTEL, Grigor Lusavorih, 7 , Tel.: +374 510000 , Fax: 541101 ARMA HOTEL, Norki Ayginer street, 275 , Tel.: +374 (1) 546000 , Rooms: 20, Floors: 5, Nearest metro station: "Yaritasardakan" ARMENIA 1 Ulitsa Amiriyan 375010 Jerevan Armenia Tel: +374.8852-525383 [email protected]: //www.moon.yerpi.am/armhotel/index.html 1. Amiryan Street , Yerevan, ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL YEREVAN, 0010 Armenia , Phone: 374 10 599 000 , Fax: 374 10 599 001 , Sales: 374 10 599 002 , Sales fax: 374 10 599 256 , http://www.marriott.co.uk AUA BARSAM SUITES HOTEL, 8 Harapetutyan St, Yerevan, Armenia Directory 0010, Phone: 374 10-567567, Email: [email protected] , Country Dialling Code (Tel/Fax): ++374 http://www.hybusiness.com The Armenian Tourism Development Agency (ATDA),(+3741) 542303/06 AVIATRANS HOTEL Abovyan street, 4 , Tel.: +374 (1) 567228 ,Rooms: 15 , Travel [email protected] , http://www.armeniainfo.am Floors 4, Location: Nearest metro station: "Hanrapetutyan" Capital: Yerevan time: GMT + 4 BEST EASTERN METROPOL YEREVAN, 2 2 Mashtots Ave, Yerevan, and Background: An Orthodox Christian country, Armenia was incorporated into Russia Armenia 375015, Phone: 374 1-543701, Email: [email protected] , in 1828 and the USSR in 1920.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socio-Economic Impact of Climate Change in Armenia
    The Socio-Economic Impact of Climate Change in Armenia "Climate Change Impact Assessment" Project Yerevan 2009 The Socio-Economic Impact of Climate Change in Armenia Yerevan 2009 Authors: Elizabeth A. Stanton, Frank Ackerman, Flávia Resende, Stockholm Environment Institute – U.S. Center Tufts University, 11 Curtis Avenue Somerville, MA 02144, www.sei-us.org Reviewers: Anil Markandya, Basque Center for Climate Change, Seth Landau, Consultant Project Title: Climate Change Impact Assessment, UNDP/00049248 Implementing Agency: UNDP Armenia Implementing Partner: Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Armenia UNDP Support: Keti Chachibaia, Regional Technical Advisor for Adaptation, Anna Kaplina, Programme Analyst, Bratislava UNDP Regional Centre for Europe and CIS Diana Harutyunyan, Climate Change Projects Manager, Vahagn Tonoyan, Task Leader, Climate Change Impact Assessment Project, UNDP Armenia Contributions: Cornelia Herzfeld, Ramón Bueno, and Adam Knoff at SEI-U.S, Mikhail Vermishev, Artem Kharazyan, Alvina Avagyan, Gagik Manucharyan, Anahit Hovsepyan, Hamlet Melkonyan, Levon Sahakyan, Ara Keshishyan, Armen Gevorgyan, Armen Nalbandyan, Benyamin Zakaryan, Boris Mnatsakanyan, Levon Chilingaryan, Georgi Fayvush, Lyonik Khachatryan, Rudik Nazaryan, Tigran Sadoyan and Hunan Ghazaryan, National Experts on Climate Change at UNDP Armenia Acknowledgement: This report, initiated by Mrs. Consuelo Vidal, Resident Representative of UNDP Armenia, is a product of cooperation and commitment of an extensive group of local and international consultants
    [Show full text]