University of Houston Case Study: TransHab Inflatable Habitat

Kriss J. Kennedy Space Architect September 28, 2016

1 TransHAB Inflatable Prototype Module Space Architecture 2 NASA TransHab Concept • TransHab was a light weight inflatable habitation module for space applications • Original 1997 concept for light weight habitat module for human mission transit to • Proposed to the International (ISS) Program as a replacement for a Hab Module

3 TransHab (Inflatable ) DESIGNED 1997

4 Transportation Constraints

Inflated TransHab

TransHab Launch Package

Robotic Arm Removal & Installation on ISS

5 Node 1

U.S. LAB

Node 3 Nadir

ISS TransHAB

TransHAB on the ISS 6 ISS TransHAB

Level 4: Pressurized Tunnel ISS TransHAB Functions • Private Crew Quarters • Galley & Dining Level 3: Crew • Meeting area for entire ISS crew Health Care • Health Care & Exercise • Hygiene • Stowage Level 2: Crew Quarters & • Crew Accommodations Mechanical Room • Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS) • Communications Level 1: Galley & • Command, Control & Data Handling Wardroom • Protection during Solar Particle Events

7 ISS TransHab Architecture

Hatch Door

Inflatable Shell Level 4: Pressurized Central Structural Tunnel Core

20” Window (2) Ergometer Level 3: Crew Health Treadmill Care

Inflatable Outfitting Compression Ring

Integrated Water Level 2: Crew Quarters Tank and Mechanical Room

Soft Stowage Array

Level 1: Galley and Wardroom Wardroom Table

8 Level 1

zenith Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Integrated Floor Strut into Rm. Above Fabric Floor Above

SOFT STOWAGE LEVEL 1

ISS RACK HAND GALLEY WASH UTILITY UTILITY CHASE 'A' CHASE 'B' 62" PASS THRU aft ISS RACK PASS THRU ISS RACK ABOVE forward REFRIG/ ABOVE REFRIG/ FREEZER FREEZER #1 #2 ISS RACK GALLEY

WARDROOM

window

nadir 9 Galley / Wardroom Area

zenith Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Integrated Floor Strut into Rm. Above Fabric Floor Above SOFT STOWAGE SYSTEM

SOFT STOWAGE

ISS RACK HAND GALLEY WASH UTILITY UTILITY CHASE 'A' CHASE 'B' 62" PASS THRU aft ISS RACK PASS THRU ISS RACK ABOVE forward REFRIG/ ABOVE REFRIG/ GALLEY FREEZER FREEZER #1 #2 ISS RACK GALLEY AREA

WARDROOM TABLE

WARDROOM

window REFRIG/ nadir KEY PLAN FREEZER

WARDROOM AREA GALLEY RACK

REFRIG/ FREEZER

GALLEY AREA 10 Level 2

zenith Leave Floor & Clg. Open for Return Air to Mech Rm. Integrated Floor Strut into Fabric Flooring

LEVEL 2 MECHANICAL ROOM

AIR CQ #5 CQ #6 DUCT Door

42" aft forward CQ #4 PASSAGE TO CQ #1 PASS THRU GALLEY TO BELOW ISS RACK WATER Door TANK CQ #3 CQ #2

OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW

OPEN TO WARD- OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW ROOM BELOW

FLOOR STRUT INFLATABLE OUTFITTING nadir COMPRESSION RING 11 Private Crew Quarters

Provides: (design for 0g) 11.0' • 6 Crew Quarters 3.35' m

zenith UTILITY LINES • 81.25 ft3 of Volume: • 27% Larger than ISS Rack • ISS Rack Crew Quarter = 64 ft3 +/- (without bump out)

CREW CREW • Private Space QUARTER QUARTER #5 #6 • Quiet Space • Sleep Area

ATU Integrated into Door Panel • Personal Stowage Area CREW CREW aft QUARTER QUARTER forward • Radiation Protection #4 42" PASSAGE TO GALLEY #1 81.25cf Sleeping Restraint

CREW CREW QUARTER QUARTER #3 #2 37"

4" (10 CM) I-BEAM LONGERONS nadir

SHEAR PANEL W/ WATER TANK

Crew Personal Unit: Entertainment & Work Substation Unit: Light Weight Frame and Fabric That Packages Into a Box.

Typical Crew Quarter 12 ECLSS Equipment Area

zenith Leave Floor & Clg. Open for Return Air to Mech Rm. Integrated Floor Strut into Fabric Flooring SOUND ABSORBENT & MECHANICAL ROOM FIRE RETARDANT FABRIC CEILING

AIR CQ #5 CQ #6 DUCT Door

42" aft forward CQ #4 PASSAGE TO CQ #1 PASS THRU GALLEY TO BELOW ISS RACK WATER Door TANK CQ #3 CQ #2

OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW

OPEN TO WARD- OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW ROOM BELOW SHELL INNER WALL ECLSS FLOOR STRUT INFLATABLE OUTFITTING nadir COMPRESSION RING EQUIP. KEY PLAN

SOUND ABSORBENT & FIRE RETARDANT FABRIC FLOORING

MECHANICAL ROOM

13 Level 3

zenith

LEVEL 3 Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Rm.

Private Integrated Floor Strut Medical into Fabric Flooring Movable Area Movable Partition Partition

SOFT SOFT STOWAGE STOWAGE ISS RACK CHeCS #1 UTILITY CHASE 'A' UTILITY CHASE 'B' Movable Partition PASS THRU aft ISS Rack PASSAGE TO TO BELOW forward Full Body CREW QUAR- TERS Changing Cleanser Area ISS RACK

Movable Partition ISS RACK CHeCS #2

ERGOMETER TREADMILL

EXERCISE AREA

window nadir 14 Crew Health Care Area

zenith

Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Rm.

Private Integrated Floor Strut Medical into Fabric Flooring Movable Area Movable Level 4: Partition Partition

SOFT SOFT Pressurized STOWAGE STOWAGE ISS RACK CHeCS #1 UTILITY CHASE 'A' UTILITY CHASE 'B' Movable Tunnel to ISS Partition PASS THRU aft ISS Rack PASSAGE TO TO BELOW forward Full Body CREW QUAR- TERS Changing Cleanser Area ISS RACK

Movable Partition ISS RACK CHeCS #2

ERGOMETER TREADMILL

EXERCISE AREA

window nadir KEY PLAN CHeCS Soft Stowage System

EXERCISE AREA Treadmill Sound Absorbent & Fire Retardant Fabric Flooring Ergometer

15 TransHab Specs

PASSIVE CBM

• Overall Length = 10.5 m MM/OD Protection

• 7.67' OA Deployed Width = ~8.3 m LEVEL 4 PRESSURIZED TUNNEL 2.338 m • Internal Diameter = 7.6 m TO ISS NODE 3 • Packaged volume = 342 m3 • Deployed volume = ~161 m3 8' • ConOps 2.438 m • Packaged around Hard Core • During Launch-goes to vacuum except Tunnel 34.51' • Removed from Cargo Bay & Berthed to ISS10.519 m 7' 2.134 m • Slowly inflated with warmed air. Equalize & stabilize. • Crew unpack and assembly.

• Checkout and verify operational 8' 2.438 m

SHELL Vol = 11631 ft3 (329.37 m3) TUNNEL Vol = 446 ft3 (12.63 m3) AIR INFLATION SYSTEM Total Vol = 12077 ft3 (342.0 m3) & TANKS

UNPRESSURIZED TUNNEL

2.74x larger an ISS Lab/Hab Module 7' 2.134 m 11' 3.353 m 7' 2.134 m Vol. (4414 ft3, or 125 m3) 25' 7.62 m 27'-2" 8.28 m 16 Structural Overview

17 General Structural Configuration

Multi-Layer Inflatable Shell • Multi-Layer Insulation Blankets • Micrometeoroid / orbital debris Protection • Optimized Restraint Layer • Redundant Bladder With Protective Layer

Central Structural Core • 2 Tunnels • Composite Core With Integral Water Tank • Repositionable Composite Isogrid shelves • Floor Struts With Fabric Flooring

18 Structural Hard Core

19 Deployed Internal Structure Overview

Inflatable Compression Ring

Composite Longerons

Composite Deployable Beams

Fabric Tension Floors

Composite Shear Panels / Shelves

Inflatable Stiffeners

20 Subsystems Packaged in Core

Life Support Area for Packaged Systems Consumables and Outfitting Systems

Longerons Avionics Packages

Core Panel Shelves

Core Panel Shelves (Sheer Panels-Stiffeners)

21 Multi-Functional Layered Inflatable Pressure Shell

2 Windows

External Structural Internal Thermal Restraint Layer: Scuff Kevlar or Vectran Blanket Barrier MOD Redundant Shielding Bladders

22 Inflatable Restraint Layer

“basket weave” manufacturing approach. Manually labor intensive and many opportunities for human error.

23 Packaging & Folding

24 Notional Shell Structural Interface

Due to export control and patent license agreements NASA can not share the details.

Inflatable Shell Assembly and Integration • Load Frame for restraint layer straps interface, Clevis Pins • Bladder Attach Ring • Bladders (redundancy) Bonded to Ring • Bladder Peel Guard Ring • Scuff Layer Interface

25 Notional Window Detail

Due to export control and patent license agreements NASA can not share the details.

Window Assembly and Integration • Bladder Ring • Load Frame for restraint layer straps interface • Exterior cover • Interior cover • Scratch pane • Pressure panes • MMOD debris pane

26 Goal 1: MMOD Test

• Requirement: HAB shall have a minimum of 0.9820 Probability of No Penetration (PNP) • Designed and Build MMOD Shield • Made test shots • Shot after Shot • Current shell configuration tested projectiles up to 1.7 cm diameter • Due to the large size of TransHab, the Shielding required to meet the PNP is larger than the standard modules.

27 MMOD Testing

Scientific American Frontiers TV: Alan Alda

28 Full-Scale Testing

Shell Dev. Unit-1 (30psid ) Shell Dev. Unit-2 (60psid )

Shell Dev. Unit-3 Full-scale Deployment in a Vacuum Environment 29 Full Scale Development Unit

MMOD Layers Tunnel Fairing

Restraint Layer

Triple Redundant Core Structure Bladder

Core Fairing

Support Stands Tunnel Fairing and Support Spacer

30 TransHab Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3)

First Inflation: November 17, 1998

31 TransHab Full Dia. Shell Development Unit (SDU-2)

•Focused on Restraint Layer –Fabric to hard structure interface –Manufacturing Processes •Built Shell to test Restraint & Interface Stresses •Built Test Unit for Hydrostatic Test to S.F. = 4.0 – Full Diameter w/ Reduced Hgt. – Non-Flight like Core and Bladder – Pressurized w/ Water to Equivalent of 4X Operating Pressure and Held for 5 Minutes

32 Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3) Vacuum Test

Demonstrated: • Folding of Shell • Packaging for Shuttle Payload Bay • Operation in a Vacuum • Deployment of Shell • Inflation of Module

33 SDU-3 Installation of MM/OD Gores

34 TransHab Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3)

Vacuum Deployment Test: December 21, 1998

35 36 Summary

• TransHab started out as a Mars Transit Habitat (Trans-Hab) tiger team concept in 1997. • So well liked, we were asked to redesign it as a Govt Furnished Equipment project for an ISS habitat. 1998 • Moved into Rapid design and testing to “proof feasibility.” 1999 • Developed engineering test units, tested 3 important high-risk areas people had concerns with for inflatables. Mitigated the risks. • Proof-of-Concept that inflatable structures could be used as an alternative for space habitats. • Revolutionized how the aerospace industry thinks about space habitats. • Demonstrated “human-centered” design and Human Systems Integration—space architecture.

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