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ISS Transhab University of Houston SPACE ARCHITECTURE Case Study: TransHab Inflatable Habitat Kriss J. Kennedy Space Architect September 28, 2016 1 TransHAB Inflatable Prototype Module Space Architecture 2 NASA TransHab Concept • TransHab was a light weight inflatable habitation module for space applications • Original 1997 concept for light weight habitat module for human mission transit to Mars • Proposed to the International Space Station (ISS) Program as a replacement for a Hab Module 3 TransHab (Inflatable Space Habitat) DESIGNED 1997 4 Transportation Constraints Inflated TransHab TransHab Launch Package Robotic Arm Removal & Installation on ISS 5 Node 1 U.S. LAB Node 3 Nadir ISS TransHAB TransHAB on the ISS 6 ISS TransHAB Level 4: Pressurized Tunnel ISS TransHAB Functions • Private Crew Quarters • Galley & Dining Level 3: Crew • Meeting area for entire ISS crew Health Care • Health Care & Exercise • Hygiene • Stowage Level 2: Crew Quarters & • Crew Accommodations Mechanical Room • Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS) • Communications Level 1: Galley & • Command, Control & Data Handling Wardroom • Protection during Solar Particle Events 7 ISS TransHab Architecture Hatch Door Inflatable Shell Level 4: Pressurized Central Structural Tunnel Core 20” Window (2) Ergometer Level 3: Crew Health Treadmill Care Inflatable Outfitting Compression Ring Integrated Water Level 2: Crew Quarters Tank and Mechanical Room Soft Stowage Array Level 1: Galley and Wardroom Wardroom Table 8 Level 1 zenith Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Integrated Floor Strut into Rm. Above Fabric Floor Above SOFT STOWAGE LEVEL 1 ISS RACK HAND GALLEY WASH UTILITY UTILITY CHASE 'A' CHASE 'B' 62" PASS THRU aft ISS RACK PASS THRU ISS RACK ABOVE forward REFRIG/ ABOVE REFRIG/ FREEZER FREEZER #1 #2 ISS RACK GALLEY WARDROOM window nadir 9 Galley / Wardroom Area zenith Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech SOFT STOWAGE Integrated Floor Strut into Rm. Above Fabric Floor Above SYSTEM SOFT STOWAGE GALLEY AREA ISS RACK HAND GALLEY WASH WARDROOM UTILITY UTILITY TABLECHASE 'A' CHASE 'B' 62" PASS THRU aft ISS RACK PASS THRU ISS RACK ABOVE forward REFRIG/ REFRIG/ ABOVE REFRIG/ FREEZER KEY PLAN FREEZER FREEZER #1 #2 ISS RACK GALLEY WARDROOM AREA GALLEY RACK REFRIG/ FREEZER WARDROOM window GALLEY AREA nadir 10 Level 2 zenith Leave Floor & Clg. Open for Return Air to Mech Rm. Integrated Floor Strut into Fabric Flooring LEVEL 2 MECHANICAL ROOM AIR CQ #5 CQ #6 DUCT Door 42" aft forward CQ #4 PASSAGE TO CQ #1 PASS THRU GALLEY TO BELOW ISS RACK WATER Door TANK CQ #3 CQ #2 OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW OPEN TO WARD- OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW ROOM BELOW FLOOR STRUT INFLATABLE OUTFITTING nadir COMPRESSION RING 11 Private Crew Quarters Provides: (design for 0g) 11.0' • 6 Crew Quarters 3.35' m zenith UTILITY LINES • 81.25 ft3 of Volume: • 27% Larger than ISS Rack • ISS Rack Crew Quarter = 64 ft3 +/- (without bump out) CREW CREW • Private Space QUARTER QUARTER #5 #6 • Quiet Space • Sleep Area ATU Integrated into Door Panel • Personal Stowage Area CREW CREW aft QUARTER QUARTER forward • Radiation Protection #4 42" PASSAGE TO GALLEY #1 81.25cf Sleeping Restraint CREW CREW QUARTER QUARTER #3 #2 37" 4" (10 CM) I-BEAM LONGERONS nadir SHEAR PANEL W/ WATER TANK Crew Personal Unit: Entertainment & Work Substation Unit: Light Weight Frame and Fabric That Packages Into a Box. Typical Crew Quarter 12 ECLSS Equipment Area zenith Leave Floor & Clg. Open for Return Air to Mech Rm. SOUND ABSORBENT & Integrated Floor Strut into Fabric Flooring FIRE RETARDANT FABRIC CEILING MECHANICAL ROOM AIR CQ #5 CQ #6 SHELL DUCT Door INNER WALL ECLSS aft 42" PASSAGEEQUIP. TO forward CQ #4 CQ #1 PASS THRU GALLEY TO BELOW KEY PLAN ISS RACK WATER Door TANK CQ #3 CQ #2 OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW OPEN TO WARD- ROOM BELOW SOUND ABSORBENT & FIRE RETARDANT OPEN TO WARD- OPEFABRICN TO WAR D -FLOORING ROOM BELOW ROOM BELOW MECHANICAL ROOM FLOOR STRUT INFLATABLE OUTFITTING nadir COMPRESSION RING 13 Level 3 zenith LEVEL 3 Leave Floor Open for Return Air to Mech Rm. Private Integrated Floor Strut Medical into Fabric Flooring Movable Area Movable Partition Partition SOFT SOFT STOWAGE STOWAGE ISS RACK CHeCS #1 UTILITY CHASE 'A' UTILITY CHASE 'B' Movable Partition PASS THRU aft ISS Rack PASSAGE TO TO BELOW forward Full Body CREW QUAR- TERS Changing Cleanser Area ISS RACK Movable Partition ISS RACK CHeCS #2 ERGOMETER TREADMILL EXERCISE AREA window nadir 14 Crew Health Care Area zenith Leave Floor Open for Return Air to MechLevel Rm. 4: Pressurized Tunnel to ISS Private Integrated Floor Strut Medical into Fabric Flooring Movable Area Movable Partition Partition SOFT SOFT STOWAGE STOWAGE ISS RACK CHeCS #1 UTILITY CHASE 'A' UTILITY CHASE 'B' Movable Partition KEY PLAN PASS THRU aft ISS Rack PASSAGE TO TO BELOW forward Full Body CREW QUAR- TERS Soft Changing Cleanser CHeCS Area ISS RACK Stowage Movable Partition System ISS RACK CHeCS #2 EXERCISE AREA Treadmill Sound Absorbent & ERGOMETER Fire Retardant Fabric TREADMILL Flooring Ergometer EXERCISE AREA window nadir 15 TransHab Specs PASSIVE CBM • Overall Length = 10.5 m MM/OD Protection • 7.67' OA Deployed Width = ~8.3 m LEVEL 4 PRESSURIZED TUNNEL 2.338 m • Internal Diameter = 7.6 m TO ISS NODE 3 • Packaged volume = 342 m3 • Deployed volume = ~161 m3 8' • ConOps 2.438 m • Packaged around Hard Core • During Launch-goes to vacuum except Tunnel 34.51' • Removed from Cargo Bay & Berthed to ISS10.519 m 7' 2.134 m • Slowly inflated with warmed air. Equalize & stabilize. • Crew unpack and assembly. • Checkout and verify operational 8' 2.438 m SHELL Vol = 11631 ft3 (329.37 m3) TUNNEL Vol = 446 ft3 (12.63 m3) AIR INFLATION SYSTEM Total Vol = 12077 ft3 (342.0 m3) & TANKS UNPRESSURIZED TUNNEL 2.74x larger an ISS Lab/Hab Module 7' 2.134 m 11' 3.353 m 7' 2.134 m Vol. (4414 ft3, or 125 m3) 25' 7.62 m 27'-2" 8.28 m 16 Structural Overview 17 General Structural Configuration Multi-Layer Inflatable Shell • Multi-Layer Insulation Blankets • Micrometeoroid / orbital debris Protection • Optimized Restraint Layer • Redundant Bladder With Protective Layer Central Structural Core • 2 Tunnels • Composite Core With Integral Water Tank • Repositionable Composite Isogrid shelves • Floor Struts With Fabric Flooring 18 Structural Hard Core 19 Deployed Internal Structure Overview Inflatable Compression Ring Composite Longerons Composite Deployable Beams Fabric Tension Floors Composite Shear Panels / Shelves Inflatable Stiffeners 20 Subsystems Packaged in Core Life Support Area for Packaged Systems Consumables and Outfitting Systems Longerons Avionics Packages Core Panel Shelves Core Panel Shelves (Sheer Panels-Stiffeners) 21 Multi-Functional Layered Inflatable Pressure Shell 2 Windows External Structural Internal Thermal Restraint Layer: Scuff Kevlar or Vectran Blanket Barrier MOD Redundant Shielding Bladders 22 Inflatable Restraint Layer “basket weave” manufacturing approach. Manually labor intensive and many opportunities for human error. 23 Packaging & Folding 24 Notional Shell Structural Interface Due to export control and patent license agreements NASA can not share the details. Inflatable Shell Assembly and Integration • Load Frame for restraint layer straps interface, Clevis Pins • Bladder Attach Ring • Bladders (redundancy) Bonded to Ring • Bladder Peel Guard Ring • Scuff Layer Interface 25 Notional Window Detail Due to export control and patent license agreements NASA can not share the details. Window Assembly and Integration • Bladder Ring • Load Frame for restraint layer straps interface • Exterior cover • Interior cover • Scratch pane • Pressure panes • MMOD debris pane 26 Goal 1: MMOD Test • Requirement: HAB shall have a minimum of 0.9820 Probability of No Penetration (PNP) • Designed and Build MMOD Shield • Made test shots • Shot after Shot • Current shell configuration tested projectiles up to 1.7 cm diameter • Due to the large size of TransHab, the Shielding required to meet the PNP is larger than the standard modules. 27 MMOD Testing Scientific American Frontiers TV: Alan Alda 28 Full-Scale Testing Shell Dev. Unit-1 (30psid ) Shell Dev. Unit-2 (60psid ) Shell Dev. Unit-3 Full-scale Deployment in a Vacuum Environment 29 Full Scale Development Unit MMOD Layers Tunnel Fairing Restraint Layer Triple Redundant Core Structure Bladder Core Fairing Support Stands Tunnel Fairing and Support Spacer 30 TransHab Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3) First Inflation: November 17, 1998 31 TransHab Full Dia. Shell Development Unit (SDU-2) •Focused on Restraint Layer –Fabric to hard structure interface –Manufacturing Processes •Built Shell to test Restraint & Interface Stresses •Built Test Unit for Hydrostatic Test to S.F. = 4.0 – Full Diameter w/ Reduced Hgt. – Non-Flight like Core and Bladder – Pressurized w/ Water to Equivalent of 4X Operating Pressure and Held for 5 Minutes 32 Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3) Vacuum Test Demonstrated: • Folding of Shell • Packaging for Shuttle Payload Bay • Operation in a Vacuum • Deployment of Shell • Inflation of Module 33 SDU-3 Installation of MM/OD Gores 34 TransHab Full Scale Shell Development Unit (SDU-3) Vacuum Deployment Test: December 21, 1998 35 36 Summary • TransHab started out as a Mars Transit Habitat (Trans-Hab) tiger team concept in 1997. • So well liked, we were asked to redesign it as a Govt Furnished Equipment project for an ISS habitat. 1998 • Moved into Rapid design and testing to “proof feasibility.” 1999 • Developed engineering test units, tested 3 important high-risk areas people had concerns with for inflatables. Mitigated the risks. • Proof-of-Concept that inflatable structures could be used as an alternative for space habitats. • Revolutionized how the aerospace industry thinks about space habitats. • Demonstrated “human-centered” design and Human Systems Integration—space architecture. 37 38.
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