DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Human Space Exploration and Habitat Design

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Human Space Exploration and Habitat Design EVALUATION AND AUTOMATION OF SPACE HABITAT INTERIOR LAYOUTS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Matthew Simon In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2016 Copyright 2015 U.S. Government, as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. No copyright is claimed in the United States under Title 17, U.S.C. All other rights reserved i EVALUATION AND AUTOMATION OF HABITAT INTERIOR LAYOUTS Approved by: Dr. Alan W. Wilhite, Chairman Dr. Jesse Hester School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Tech Research Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Marianne R. Bobskill Dr. Brian German Space Mission Analysis Branch School of Aerospace Engineering NASA Langley Research Center Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Daniel P. Schrage School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: November 15, 2015 This document is dedicated to my family who provided constant support and encouragement throughout the many years of my education, and to Nate who taught me the meaning of life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and thank the following persons for their advice and participation in the preparation of this thesis: Dr. Alan Wilhite Dr. Marianne Bobskill Larry Toups Dr. Robert Howard Kriss Kennedy Dr. Dale Arney iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... xi NOMENCLATURE ................................................................................................................................. xiv SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................. xvii CONTRIBUTIONS OF RESEARCH ................................................................................................. xxii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation ................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Gap Analysis of Current Interior Evaluation Process ............................................... 8 1.3 Research Questions and Objectives ........................................................................ 11 1.3.1 Primary Research Question .............................................................................. 11 1.3.2 Secondary Research Questions ........................................................................ 12 1.4 Dissertation Overview ............................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Habitat Layout Design ............................................................................................ 16 2.1.1 Habitat Layout Design Process ........................................................................ 16 2.1.2 Previous Work in Space Habitat Interior Layout Evaluation Methods ........... 19 2.1.2 Space Habitat Interior Design Requirements and Heuristics ........................... 27 2.1.4 Subsystem Information .................................................................................... 32 2.2 Geometry Modeling and Collision Detection ......................................................... 35 2.2.1 Geometry Modeling ......................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 Collision Detection .......................................................................................... 37 v 2.3 Automated Layout Generation ................................................................................ 44 2.3.1 Automated Layout Design Problem ................................................................. 45 2.3.2 Previous Work in Interior Layout Automated Generation............................... 47 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 57 3.1 Systems Engineering-Derived Layout Evaluation Process [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ...................................................................................................................................... 57 3.1.1 Initial Layout Generation Process [Simon & Wilhite, 2013]........................... 61 3.1.2 Layout Evaluation Process [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ..................................... 65 3.2 Evaluation Criteria [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ......................................................... 73 3.3 Quantitative Evaluation Criteria Measurement Methods [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ...................................................................................................................................... 81 3.3.1 Collision Detection [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ................................................. 82 3.3.2 Grid-based Iterative Methods [Simon, Bobskill, & Wilhite 2012] .................. 83 3.3.3 Separation-Colocation Matrices [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ............................. 91 3.4 Constraints [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ..................................................................... 95 3.5 Implementation of Designer Preferences [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ...................... 98 3.5.1 Utility Functions .............................................................................................. 98 3.5.2 Relative Evaluation Criteria Weightings ....................................................... 100 3.6 Software Implementation [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ............................................ 103 CHAPTER 4: EVALUATION PROCESS VERIFICATION ......................................................... 106 4.1 Example Problem: 180 Day Cis-lunar Habitat [Simon & Wilhite, 2013] ............ 106 4.2 Cislunar Habitat Interior Example Results ........................................................... 113 4.3 Discussion of Evaluation Process Results ............................................................ 118 4.4 Verification ........................................................................................................... 123 CHAPTER 5: AUTOMATION OF LAYOUT DESIGN ................................................................. 125 5.1 Layout Design Automation ................................................................................... 125 5.2 Automated Iterative Improvement of Cis-Lunar Habitat ..................................... 130 5.3 Design Space Exploration Results and Improvements ......................................... 134 5.4 Automation Effectiveness, Limitations, and Value .............................................. 138 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND FORWARD WORK........................................................... 141 6.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 141 6.2 Future Work .......................................................................................................... 143 APPENDIX A: Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................. 147 APPENDIX B: Evaluation Criteria Detailed Descriptions ................................................... 148 APPENDIX C. Definition of Hardware Information from Cis-Lunar Habitat Example Described in Chapter 4 and 5 ........................................................................................................ 163 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 174 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Historical Layout Generation/Optimization Methods .......................................... 6 Table 2: Currently Available Approaches for Evaluation of Spacecraft Interior Layouts . 7 Table 3: Comparison of Performance of Existing Evaluation Methods ............................. 8 Table 4: Representative Space Habitat Evaluation Studies .............................................. 21 Table 5: Currently Available Approaches for Evaluation of Spacecraft Interior Layouts (Replicated from Table 2) ................................................................................................. 22 Table 6: Comparison of Performance of Existing Evaluation Methods (Replicated from 22 Table 7: Space Habitat Architecture Requirements .......................................................... 28 Table 8: Habitat Interior Configuration Design Heuristics and Considerations ............... 31 Table 9: Habitat Subsystem Descriptions [reproduced from Kennedy, 2002a with permission] ........................................................................................................................ 34 Table 10: Subsystem References ...................................................................................... 35 Table 11: Applicable Methods/Algorithms for Required Collision Detection Tests ....... 38 Table 12: Applicable Interior Layout Automated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Space Colonies & Lunar Bases
    Space Colonies & Why Build Colonies? Lunar Bases ! It isn’t so expensive – US military is many 100’s of billions $ a year ! Fewer casualties than war – 17 astronauts in 45 years of space Karen J. Meech, flight were lost Astronomer ! Humans have an “expansionist” spirit – Much more real estate! ! Valuable resources could be brought to Earth. Institute for Astronomy ! Enough solar energy to rid the world of oil dependency could be brought to Earth for less than the cost of the Iraq war ! Profitable: e.g. 1 Metallic NEO $20 trillion, 3He as a fuel . ! Maybe the time has not yet come, but someday we will need what space can provide Space Habitat Design Shielding – Radiation Protection Considerations ! Shielding characterization ! Aereal density, d [gm/cm2] ! Physiological Needs ! Total amount of material matters ! Shielding ! Type of material: secondary ! Ionizing radiation & particles 3 2 ! Meteoritic impact ! 1 Earth Atmosphere: 10 gm/cm ! Atmospheric containment ! ! = mass / volume ! What pressure needed? ! ! = mass / (area ! thickness) ! Psychological Needs ! What mix of gasses? ! ! = m/(ax) = d / x ! Environment stress ! Gravitational acceleration ! x = thickness = d / ! ! Isolation ! Why it is needed 3 ! Personal space ! How to do it Substance ! [gm/cm ] d / !" x [cm] x [m] ! Illumination / Energy 3 ! Entertainment Lead 8 10 /8 125 1.25 ! ! Aesthetics Food / Water Styrofoam 0.01 103/10-2 105 103 ! Space Requirements Water 1 103/1 103 10 Shielding Types – Active Shielding Types – Passive ! Enough matter between us & radiation ! Examples
    [Show full text]
  • Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp
    Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location .
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Programs
    LUNAR PROGRAMS NASA is leading a sustainable return to the Moon Aerospace is partnered with NASA to with commercial and international partners to return humans to the Moon in every expand human presence in space and gather phase and journey, including the: new knowledge and opportunities. In 2017, Space › Planning and supporting the Policy Directive-1 called for a renewed emphasis on first lifecycle review of the commercial and international partnerships, return Gateway Initiative of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization followed by human missions to Mars. › Design, systems engineering and Aerospace is partnered with NASA in this endeavor integration, and operational concepts and is involved in every phase and journey. of the EVA system Artist’s conception of a gateway habitat. Image credit: NASA Humans must return to the moon for long-term › Ground testing of the NEXTStep deep exploration and utilization of deep space, but lunar space habitat module prototypes exploration is more than a stepping stone to Mars missions. The phased plan includes › Design and test of the Orion sending missions to the moon and cislunar space for exploration and study, and the capsule avionics construction of the Deep Space Gateway, a space station intended to orbit the moon. Aerospace provides support to these missions in areas such as systems engineering and integration, program management, and various subsystem expertise. Current Lunar Programs GATEWAY INITIATIVE NASA’s Gateway is conceived to be an exploration and science outpost in orbit around the moon that will enable human crewed missions to both cislunar space and the moon’s surface, meet scientific discovery and exploration objectives, and demonstrate and prove enabling technologies through commercial and international partnerships.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Design Habitat on the Moon Lunar Zen Garden
    NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Natural Design Habitat on the Moon Irene Lia Schlacht Lunar Zen Garden Ayako Ono 9th ILEWG International Conference on Exploration and Utilization of the Moon (ICEUM9-ILC2007) 22-26 October, 2007, Sorrento, Italy NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) From the research group: Extreme - Design www.Extreme-Design.eu Ma.Des. Irene Schlacht [email protected] (Technische Universität Berlin) Ma. ArtAyako Ono [email protected] (Artist in Residence atSA) (SpaceLand) www.Extreme-Design.eu NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) CONTENT - Space Habitability - Natural Design - Variation and Variability - Lunar Zen Garden - Conclusion NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability Space habitats are completely artificial ecosystems created to allow humans to survive in the outer space environment with a maximum of self- sufficiency. NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability The User Needs have to be considered 10 astronauts Evaluation 13 people working in the space habitat projects Need Not space stimuli quiet familiarity order privacy Interview of 23 subjects realized between 2005 -07 (Schlacht, Thales Alenia Space) NATURAL DESIGN HABITAT ON THE MOON (SCHLACHT) - LUNAR ZEN GARDEN (ONO) Space Habitability Difference of gravity, absence of natural terrestrial stimuli, isolation in a limited space, radiation, etc. modify psycho-physiological factors such as human biorhythm and sensory perception. Factors that have to be consider (Robinson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Habitation Module 26 July 2016 – NASA Advisory Council, Human Exploration and Operations Committee Jason Crusan | Advanced Exploration Systems Director | NASA Headquarters 2 Human Exploration of Mars Is Hard Common Capability Needs Identified from Multiple Studies Days Reliable In-Space 800-1,100 44 min Transportation Total me crew is Maximum two- away from Earth – way communicaon for orbit missions all in 2me delay – 300 KW Micro-g and Radia2on Autonomous Opera2ons Total connuous transportaon power 130 t Heavy-LiA Mass 20-30 t Long Surface Stay Multiple Ability to 500 Days Launches per land large mission payloads Surface Operations Dust Toxicity and 100 km 11.2 km/s Long Range Explora2on Earth Entry Speed 20 t Oxygen produced for ascent to orbit - ISRU 3 The Habitation Development Challenge HABITATATION CAPABILITY Days 800-1,100 Habitation Systems – Total me crew is AES/ISS/STMD away from Earth – • Environmental Control & Life Support for orbit missions all in • Autonomous Systems Micro-g and Radia2on Integrated • EVA testing on ISS • Fire Safety • Radiation Protection Habitation Systems - Crew Health – HRP Long Surface Stay • Human Research 500 Days • Human Performance • Exercise PROVING GROUND Validation in cislunar space • Nutrition Habitation Capability– NextSTEP BAA / Int. Partners • Studies and ground prototypes of pressurized volumes 4 Specific Habitation Systems Objectives TODAY FUTURE Habitation The systems, tools, and protec:ons that allow Systems Elements humans to live and work
    [Show full text]
  • Workstation Designs for a Cis-Lunar Deep Space Habitat
    Workstation Designs for a Cis-lunar Deep Space Habitat A. Scott Howe, PhD1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109 Using the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR) system, a suite of workstations required for deep space missions have been proposed to fill out habitation functions in an International Space Station (ISS) derived Cis-lunar Deep Space Habitat. This paper introduces the functional layout of the Cis-lunar habitat design, and describes conceptual designs for modular deployable work surfaces, General Maintenance Workstation (GMWS), In-Space Manufacturing Workstation (ISMW), Intra-Vehicular Activity Telerobotics Work Station (IVA-TRWS), and Galley / Wardroom. Nomenclature AES = NASA Advanced Exploration Systems project ATHLETE = All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer robotic mobility system CTB = Cargo Transfer Bag D-RATS = NASA Desert Research and Technology Studies DSH = Deep Space Habitat EAM = Exploration Augmentation Module EXPRESS = EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments for Space Station GMWS = General Maintenance Work Station HDU = Habitat Demonstration Unit HERA = Human Exploration Research Analog ISMW = In-Space Manufacturing Work Station ISPR = International Standard Payload Rack ISIS = International Subrack Interface Standard ISS = International Space Station IVA = Intravehicular Activity MPCV = Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle MPLM = Multi-Purpose Logistics Module PLSS = Personal Life Support System RAF = Random Access Frames TRWS = Telerobotics
    [Show full text]
  • Deployable Modular Frame for Inflatable Space Habitats
    70th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Washington D.C., United States, 21-25 October 2019. Copyright ©2019 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved. IAC-19,B3,8-GTS.2,4,x48931 DMF: Deployable Modular Frame for Inflatable Space Habitats Vittorio Netti1, * 1University of Houston, [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract Inflatable Space Modules for space exploration are now a reality. In 2016, Bigelow Aerospace tested the first inflatable module Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) on the International Space Station (ISS), achieving success. This technology has higher volume limits than other launchers, substantially changing the previous concepts of construction and life in space. Nevertheless, inflatable modules technology lacks a reliable and functional platform to efficiently use all this space. Due to its limited dimension, the International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR), currently used on ISS, is not suitable for this purpose. The project aims at developing a new standard for payload rack in the inflatable space modules: the Deployable Modular Frame (DMF). The DMF expands itself radially from the center of the module, starting from four structural pylons. It creates a solid infrastructure allowing for the configuration of a variety of spaces, including storage space, laboratories, workstations and living quarters. The DMF consists of two main parts: the Deployable Frame (DF) and the Modular Rack (MR). Once the frame is deployed, it provides four linear slots suitable to install the modular racks. The rack is the basic element that allows for the storage of equipment inside the frame. Once they are installed, the racks can slide on the frame’s rails, dynamically changing the space inside the module.
    [Show full text]
  • The Outer Space Also Needs Architects
    Paper ID #31322 The Outer Space Also Needs Architects Dr. Sudarshan Krishnan, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Sudarshan Krishnan specializes in the area of lightweight structures. His current research focuses on the structural design and stability behavior of cable-strut systems and transformable structures. He teaches courses on the planning, analysis and design of structural systems. As an architect and structural designer, he has worked on a range of projects that included houses, hospitals, recreation centers, institutional buildings, and conservation of historic buildings/monuments. Professor Sudarshan is an active member of Working Group-6: Tensile and Membrane Structures, and Working Group-15: Structural Morphology, of the International Association of Shell and Spatial Struc- tures (IASS). He serves on the Aerospace Division’s Space Engineering and Construction Technical Com- mittee of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and the ASCE/ACI-421 Reinforced Concrete Slabs Committee. He is the past Program Chair of the Architectural Engineering Division of the Ameri- can Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). He is also a member of the Structural Stability Research Council (SSRC). From 2004-2007, Professor Sudarshan served on the faculty of the School of Architecture and ENSAV- Versailles Study Abroad Program (2004-06) in France. He was a recipient of the School of Architec- ture’s ”Excellence in Teaching Award,” the College of Fine and Applied Arts’ ”Faculty Award for Ex- cellence in Teaching,” and has been
    [Show full text]
  • Stern​Habitat: Colonization of the Kuiper Belt with Current Technology
    Stern Habitat: Colonization of the Kuiper Belt With Current ​ Technology Sean Kinney Table of Contents: 1. Executive Summary 2. Why Colonize the Kuiper Belt? 3. Description of Habitation Cylinders 3.1. Overview and General Requirements 3.2. Physical Structure, Mass, and Strength Requirements 3.3. Lighting, Electricity, and Heat Disposal Requirements 3.4. Life Support and Waste Recycling 3.5. Climate Control 3.6. General layout, transportation 3.7. Day/Night Cycles, “Time Management,” and Specialization of Habitats 4. Description of Superstructure 4.1. Overview 4.2. Parabolic Mirrors 4.3. Cylinder Protection 4.4. Lighting and Heat Dissipation of Cylinders 4.5. “Drydocks” and Ship Docking 4.6. Heat Dissipation and Climate Control 4.7. Transport around Superstructure 5. Industry 5.1. Overview of industrial cylinders 5.2. Composition of KBO material 5.3. Mining and transport of KBO material 5.4. Processing of KBO material 5.5. Oxygen regeneration and electricity requirements 6. Transport to/from colony, likely major exports/imports, management of habitat 6.1. Trade and Transportation between Colony and Inner Solar System 6.2. Research Opportunities 6.3. Management of Habitat 7. Bibliography Acknowledgements: I would like to thank my parents and my physics teacher, Mr. Strickland, for helping proofread this paper and for acting as a sounding board for some of my ideas. 1 Executive Summary: This is a paper discussing the design, purpose, and operation of the Stern habitat, which ​ ​ orbits the Kuiper Belt object 486958 Arrokoth. The habitat is named after Alan Stern, who is the principle investigator of NASA’s New Horizons mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Closed Ecological Systems, Space Life Support and Biospherics
    11 Closed Ecological Systems, Space Life Support and Biospherics Mark Nelson, Nickolay S. Pechurkin, John P. Allen, Lydia A Somova, and Josef I. Gitelson CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGY OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS:FROM LABORATORY ECOSPHERES TO MANMADE BIOSPHERES DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CONCLUSION REFERENCES Abstract This chapter explores the development of a new type of scientific tool – man- made closed ecological systems. These systems have had a number of applications within the past 50 years. They are unique tools for investigating fundamental processes and interactions of ecosystems. They also hold the potentiality for creating life support systems for space exploration and habitation outside of Earth’s biosphere. Finally, they are an experimental method of working with small “biospheric systems” to gain insight into the functioning of Earth’s biosphere. The chapter reviews the terminology of the field, the history and current work on closed ecological systems, bioregenerative space life support and biospherics in Japan, Europe, Russia, and the United States where they have been most developed. These projects include the Bios experiments in Russia, the Closed Ecological Experiment Facility in Japan, the Biosphere 2 project in Arizona, the MELiSSA program of the European Space Agency as well as fundamental work in the field by NASA and other space agencies. The challenges of achieving full closure, and of recycling air and water and producing high- production crops for such systems are discussed, with examples of different approaches being used to solve these problems. The implications for creating sustainable technologies for our Earth’s environment are also illustrated. Key Words Life support r biospherics r bioregenerative r food r air r water recycling r microcosm rclosed ecological systems rBios rNASA rCEEF rBiosphere 2 rBIO-Plex.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanity and Space Design and Implementation of a Theoretical Martian Outpost
    Project Number: MH-1605 Humanity and Space Design and implementation of a theoretical Martian outpost An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Degree of Bachelor Science By Kenneth Fong Andrew Kelly Owen McGrath Kenneth Quartuccio Matej Zampach Abstract Over the next century, humanity will be faced with the challenge of journeying to and inhabiting the solar system. This endeavor carries many complications not yet addressed such as shielding from radiation, generating power, obtaining water, creating oxygen, and cultivating food. Still, practical solutions can be implemented and missions accomplished utilizing futuristic technology. With resources transported from Earth or gathered from Space, a semi-permanent facility can realistically be established on Mars. 2 Contents 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Introduction 3 2.1 Kenneth Fong . .4 2.2 Andrew Kelly . .6 2.3 Owen McGrath . .7 2.4 Kenneth Quartuccio . .8 2.5 Matej Zampach . .9 3 Research 10 3.1 Current Space Policy . 11 3.1.1 US Space Policy . 11 3.1.2 Russian Space Policy . 12 3.1.3 Chinese Space Policy . 12 3.2 Propulsion Methods . 14 3.2.1 Launch Loops . 14 3.2.2 Solar Sails . 17 3.2.3 Ionic Propulsion . 19 3.2.4 Space Elevator . 20 i 3.2.5 Chemical Propulsion . 21 3.3 Colonization . 24 3.3.1 Farming . 24 3.3.2 Sustainable Habitats . 25 3.3.3 Sustainability . 27 3.3.4 Social Issues . 28 3.3.5 Terraforming . 29 3.3.6 Harvesting Water from Mars .
    [Show full text]
  • SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors Into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions
    SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions vorgelegt von Master of Science (Dottore in Disegno Industriale) Irene Lia Schlacht aus Mailand Von der Fakultät V - Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme. der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr. -Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Brieß Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Rötting Berichter: Prof. Melchiorre Masali (Unito) Berichter: Prof. Dr. Bernard H. Foing (VU Amsterdam & ESA ESTEC) Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 17.10.2011 Berlin 2012 D 83 NOTE: the PDF version contains hyperlinks SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions German Title: SPACE HABITABILITY Integration von Human Factors in den Entwicklungsprozess zur Verbesserung der Bewohnbarkeit für langandauernde Weltraummissionen Candidate Master of Science (Dottore in Disegno Industriale) Irene Lia Schlacht from Milan Dissertation approved from the Chair of Human-Machine Systems Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V Technische Universität Berlin for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Science: Dr. Ing. Supervisors: Prof. Matthias Rötting (TU-Berlin) Prof. Melchiorre Masali (Unito) Prof. Bernard H. Foing (VU Amsterdam & ESA ESTEC) Prof. Takashi Toriizuka (Nihon University) Arch. Dr. Barbara Imhof (LIQUIFERS Systems Group) Day of the scientific debate: 17.10.2011 Published from the Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 2012 ii SPACE HABITABILITY Author contact information Irene Lia Schlacht Italy: +39 320 3168723 Deutschland: +49 0176 3588 2695 E-mail: irene.schlacht mail.polimi.it ( irene.schlacht gmail.com ) This thesis is available in electronic format (PDF file) from the Technische Universität Berlin Electronic Library System at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:83-opus-34070 Quotation: Schlacht, I.L.
    [Show full text]